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Representative Of The Government In The Senate
The representative of the Government in the Senate () is the member of the Senate of Canada who is responsible for introducing, promoting, and defending the government's bills in the Senate after they are passed by the House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons. The representative is appointed by the prime minister. The position replaced the leader of the Government in the Senate (), which from 1867 to 2015 was a senator who was a member of the governing party and led the government caucus in the Senate of Canada (whether or not that party held a majority in the Senate). The position of Leader had almost always been held by a Cabinet of Canada, Cabinet minister, except briefly in 1926, from 1958 to 63 and from 2013 to the position being discontinued in 2015. The government representative's counterpart on the parliamentary opposition, Opposition benches is the Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada), leader of the Opposition in the Senate, who continues to be a member o ...
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Marc Gold
Marc Gold (born June 30, 1950) is a Canadian law professor and politician who has served as Representative of the Government in the Senate since 2020. Gold has sat as the senator for Stadacona, Quebec since he was appointed on the advice of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in 2016. He was a member of the Independent Senators Group (ISG) caucus from 2016 to 2020 but now sits as an Independent. Prior to his appointment as a senator, Gold taught law and was appointed associate dean at Osgoode Hall Law School. Early life and education Gold is the son of Alan B. Gold, who was chief justice of Quebec Superior Court. Gold is Jewish. He earned his undergraduate degree at McGill University in 1972, and an LL.B from the University of British Columbia in 1978 with top honours as the Gold Medalist. Recipient of the Viscount Bennett Scholarship by the Canadian Bar Association, he received his LL.M from the Harvard Law School in 1979. Gold is a member of the Barreau du Québec and of the ...
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Paul Martin Sr
Joseph James Guillaume Paul Martin (June 23, 1903 – September 14, 1992), often referred to as Paul Martin Sr., was a noted Canadian politician and diplomat. He was the father of Paul Martin, who served as 21st prime minister of Canada from 2003 to 2006. Early life Martin was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of Lumina (née Chouinard) and Joseph Philippe Ernest Martin. His Irish Catholic paternal grandfather's family immigrated from County Mayo, and his mother and paternal grandmother were French Canadian with deep roots in the country. Martin contracted polio in 1907, which left him permanently blind in one eye and with a severely weakened left arm. Martin was raised in Pembroke, Ontario, in the Ottawa River Valley, although he attended high school at Collège Saint-Alexandre in Gatineau, Quebec. He completed his university education at the University of Toronto, and earned his law degree from Osgoode Hall Law School. Later, Martin studied at the Graduate Institute of ...
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Toronto Star
The ''Toronto Star'' is a Canadian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary of Torstar Corporation and part of Torstar's Daily News Brands (Torstar), Daily News Brands division. The newspaper was established in 1892 as the ''Evening Star'' and was later renamed the ''Toronto Daily Star'' in 1900, under Joseph E. Atkinson. Atkinson was a major influence in shaping the editorial stance of the paper, with the paper reflecting his principles until his death in 1948. His son-in-law, Harry C. Hindmarsh, shared those principles as the paper's longtime managing editor while also helping to build circulation with sensational stories, bold headlines and dramatic photos. The paper was renamed the ''Toronto Star'' in 1971 and introduced a Sunday edition in 1977. History The ''Star'' was created in 1892 by striking ''Toronto News'' printers and writers, led by future mayor of Toronto and social reformer Horatio Clarence Hocke ...
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42nd Canadian Parliament
The 42nd Canadian Parliament was in session from December 3, 2015, to September 11, 2019, with the membership of its lower chamber, the House of Commons of Canada, having been determined by the results of the 2015 federal election held on October 19, 2015, and thirty new appointees to its Upper House, the Senate of Canada. Parliament officially resumed on December 3, 2015, with the election of a new Speaker, Geoff Regan, followed by a Speech from the Throne the following day. The Speaker of the Senate of Canada was George Furey, who was appointed Speaker of the Canadian Senate on the advice of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, to replace Leo Housakos, on December 3, 2015. On September 11, 2019, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau advised Governor General Julie Payette to dissolve Parliament and issue the writ of election, leading to a five-week election campaign period for the 2019 federal election. Significant legislation adopted during the 42nd Parliament included the '' Cann ...
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Independent (politics)
An independent politician or non-affiliated politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or Bureaucracy, bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicians have political views that do not align with the platforms of any political party and therefore they choose not to affiliate with them. Some independent politicians may be associated with a party, perhaps as former members of it or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate. Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level. In some cases, a politician may be a member of an unregistered party and therefore officially recognised as an independent. Officeholders may become independents after losing or r ...
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Justin Trudeau
Justin Pierre James Trudeau (born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who served as the 23rd prime minister of Canada from 2015 to 2025. He led the Liberal Party from 2013 until his resignation in 2025 and was the member of Parliament (MP) for Papineau from 2008 until 2025. Trudeau was born in Ottawa, Ontario, as the eldest son of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, and attended Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from McGill University and a Bachelor of Education degree from the University of British Columbia. After graduating, he taught at the secondary school level in Vancouver before returning to Montreal in 2002 to further his studies. He was chair for the youth charity Katimavik and director of the not-for-profit Canadian Avalanche Association. In 2006, he was appointed as chair of the Liberal Party's Task Force on Youth Renewal. In the 2008 federal election, he was elected to represent the riding of Papineau in the House of C ...
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Leader Of The Government In The House Of Commons (Canada)
The Government House Leader, officially known as the leader of the Government in the House of Commons of Canada (), is the Canadian cabinet, Cabinet minister responsible for planning and managing the government's legislative program in the House of Commons of Canada. Despite the name of the position it does not refer to the Prime Minister of Canada, prime minister of Canada, who is the head of government. History From 1867 until World War II, prime ministers took upon themselves the responsibilities of being leader of the government in the House of Commons, organizing and coordinating House of Commons business with the other parties. The expansion of government responsibilities during the war led to Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King deciding to delegate the House leadership to one of his ministers. In 1946, the position of government house leader was formally recognized. In 1968, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau designated the government house leader as president of th ...
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Official Opposition (Canada)
The Official Opposition () is the largest party of the parliamentary opposition, which is composed of Member of Parliament (Canada), members of Parliament (MPs) who are not in government. Typically, it is the second-largest party in the House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons. The Official Opposition is viewed as the caucus tasked with keeping the government in check. It is also generally viewed as the alternative government or "government in waiting". The Official Opposition maintains a Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (Canada), shadow cabinet, with the Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada), leader of the Official Opposition at its head, of members of Parliament (MPs) and Senate of Canada, senators who often have the same Ministry (government department), portfolio areas of interest as actual Minister (government), ministers. The spokesperson for each portfolio is known as an opposition critic. In the event the government loses the confidence of the House or the Offic ...
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Question Period
Question Period (QP; ), known officially as Oral Questions (), occurs each sitting day in the House of Commons of Canada—similarly in provincial legislatures—in which members of the parliament ask questions of government ministers (including the prime minister). According to the House of Commons Compendium, "The primary purpose of Question Period is to seek information from the Government and to call it to account for its actions." It is similar in form to question time in other parliaments, mainly those following the Westminster system. In the Legislative Assemblies of Ontario and Manitoba (as well as in several other provinces), questions raised are formally referred as ''Oral Questions''. In the Quebec National Assembly, the term is ''Oral Questions and Answers''. History The first oral question occurred during the 1st Canadian Parliament, before rules had been established providing for formal questions. According to the record of debates for November 29, 1867, a ...
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Pierre Trudeau
Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau (October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000) was a Canadian politician, statesman, and lawyer who served as the 15th prime minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979 and from 1980 to 1984. Between his non-consecutive terms as prime minister, he served as the Leader of the Opposition (Canada), leader of the Opposition from 1979 to 1980. Trudeau was born and raised in Outremont, Quebec, and studied politics and law. In the 1950s, he rose to prominence as a labour activist in Quebec politics by opposing the conservative Union Nationale (Quebec), Union Nationale government. Trudeau was then an associate professor of law at the Université de Montréal. He was originally part of the social democratic New Democratic Party (NDP), but then joined the Liberal Party of Canada, Liberal Party in 1965, believing that the NDP could not achieve power. 1965 Canadian federal election, That year, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada, House of C ...
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Liberal Party Of Canada
The Liberal Party of Canada (LPC; , ) is a federal political party in Canada. The party espouses the principles of liberalism,McCall, Christina; Stephen Clarkson"Liberal Party". ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''. and generally sits at the Centrism, centre to Centre-left politics, centre-left of the Politics of Canada, Canadian political spectrum, with their main rival, the Conservative Party of Canada, Conservative Party, positioned to their Right-wing politics, right and the New Democratic Party positioned to their Left-wing politics, left. The party is described as "big tent",PDF copy
at UBC Press.
practising "brokerage politics", attracting support from a broad spectrum of voters. The Liberal Party is the longest-serving and oldest active federal political party in the country, and has dominated th ...
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Joe Clark
Charles Joseph Clark (born June 5, 1939) is a Canadian businessman, writer, and retired politician who served as the 16th prime minister of Canada from 1979 to 1980. He also served as Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada), leader of the Official Opposition from 1976 to 1979 and from 1980 to 1983. Despite his relative inexperience, Clark rose quickly in federal politics. He was first elected to the House of Commons (Canada), House of Commons in 1972 Canadian federal election, 1972 and won the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, Progressive Conservative Party in 1976 Progressive Conservative leadership election, 1976. He led the party to a minority government in the 1979 Canadian federal election, 1979 federal election, defeating the Liberal Party of Canada, Liberal government of Pierre Trudeau and ending 16 years of continuous Liberal rule. Taking office the day before his 40th birthday, Clark became the youngest List of prime ministers of Canada, ...
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