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Representation Of Slavery In European Art
Representations of slavery in European art date back to ancient times. They show slaves of varied ethnicity, white as well as black. In Europe, slavery became increasingly associated with blackness from the 17th century onwards. However, slaves before this period were predominantly white. The ''black'' in European art is not the same topic as the ''slave'' in European art: slaves were not always black and black people not always slaves. The article also concentrates on European art rather than Western art in general. Slaves in art From the Renaissance onwards, a substantial number of bound figures, often naked and crouching, illustrate enslavement.''The Slave in European Art: From Renaissance Trophy to Abolitionist Emblem'', ed. Elizabeth McGrath and Jean Michel Massing, London (The Warburg Institute) and Turin 2012. This imagery had for one of its roots the ancient tradition of Roman Triumph, but its contemporaneous relevance was greatly magnified by the prevalence of s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Eckhout
Albert Eckhout (c.1610–1665) was a Dutch portrait and still life painter. Eckhout, the son of Albert Eckhourt and Marryen Roeleffs, was born in Groningen, but his training as an artist and early career are unknown. A majority of the works attributed to him are unsigned. He was among the first European artists to paint scenes from the New World. He was in the entourage of the Dutch governor-general of Brazil, Johan Maurits, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, who took him and fellow painter Frans Post to Dutch Brazil to have them record the country's landscape, inhabitants, flora and fauna.Francis A. Dutra, "Albert Eckhout" in ''Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture'', vol. 2, p. 430. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996. Eckhout is also famous for his still-life paintings of Brazilian fruits and vegetables. His paintings were intended for decoration in a domestic context. Work Eckhout focused on the people, plants and animals of the region when arriving in Dutch Brazil. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavery In Art
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavement is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see ). Many historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as Racism, race or sex. Slaves would be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be Manumission, granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntary slavery, voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavery In Antiquity
Slavery in the ancient world, from the earliest known recorded evidence in Sumer to the pre-medieval Classical antiquity, Antiquity Mediterranean cultures, comprised a mixture of debt-slavery, slavery as a punishment for crime, and the enslavement of prisoner of war, prisoners of war. Masters could free slaves, and in many cases, such freedman, freedmen went on to rise to positions of power (sociology), power. This would include those children born into slavery, but who were actually the children of the master of the house. The slave master would ensure that his children were not condemned to a life of slavery. The institution of slavery condemned a majority of slaves to agricultural and industrial labor, and they lived hard lives. In many of these cultures, slaves formed a very large part of the economy, and in particular the Roman Empire and some of the Ancient Greece, Greek poleis built a large part of their wealth on slaves acquired through conquest. Near East Sumer The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Page (servant)
A page or page boy is traditionally a young male attendant or servant, but may also have been a messenger in the service of a nobleman. During wedding ceremonies, a page boy is often used as a symbolic attendant to carry the rings. Etymology The origin of the term is uncertain, but it may come either from the Latin ''pagius'' (servant), possibly linked to peasant, or an earlier Greek word (''pais'' = child). The medieval page In medieval times, a page was an attendant to a nobleman, a knight, a governor or a castellan. Until the age of about seven, sons of noble families would receive training in manners and basic literacy from their mothers or other female relatives. Upon reaching seven years of age, a boy would be sent to the castle, great house or other estate of another noble family. This would match the age at which apprenticeships or servants' employment would be entered into by young males from lower social classes. A young boy served as a page for about seven ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Slavery
The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and Slavery and religion, religions from ancient times to the present day. Likewise, its victims have come from many different ethnicities and religious groups. The social, economic, and legal positions of slaves have differed vastly in different systems of slavery in different times and places. Slavery has been found in some hunter-gatherer populations, particularly as hereditary slavery, but the conditions of agriculture with increasing social and economic complexity offer greater opportunity for mass chattel slavery. Slavery was institutionalized by the time the first civilizations emerged (such as Sumer in Mesopotamia, which dates back as far as 3500 BC). Slavery features in the Mesopotamian ''Code of Hammurabi'' (c. 1750 BC), which refers to it as an established institution. Slavery was widespread in the ancient world in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. and the Americas. Slavery became less common thro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Cruikshank
George Cruikshank or Cruickshank ( ; 27 September 1792 – 1 February 1878) was a British caricaturist and book illustrator, praised as the "modern William Hogarth, Hogarth" during his life. His book illustrations for his friend Charles Dickens, and many other authors, reached an international audience. Early life Cruikshank was born in London. His father, Edinburgh-born Isaac Cruikshank, was one of the leading caricaturists of the late 1790s and Cruikshank started his career as his father's apprentice and assistant. His older brother, Isaac Robert Cruikshank, Isaac Robert, also followed in the family business as a caricaturist and illustrator. Cruikshank's early work was caricature; but in 1823, at the age of 31, he started to focus on book illustration. He illustrated the first, 1823 English translation (by Edgar Taylor (author), Edgar Taylor and David Jardine) of ''Grimms' Fairy Tales'', published in two volumes as ''German Popular Stories''. On 16 October 1827, he married ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood (12 July 1730 – 3 January 1795) was an English potter, entrepreneur and abolitionist. Founding the Wedgwood company in 1759, he developed improved pottery bodies by systematic experimentation, and was the leader in the industrialisation of the manufacture of European pottery. The renewed classical enthusiasms of the late 1760s and early 1770s were of major importance to his sales promotion. His expensive goods were in much demand from the upper classes, while he used emulation effects to market cheaper sets to the rest of society. Every new invention that Wedgwood produced – green glaze, creamware, black basalt, and jasperware – was quickly copied. Having once achieved efficiency in production, he obtained efficiencies in sales and distribution. His showrooms in London gave the public the chance to see his complete range of tableware. Wedgwood's company never made porcelain during his lifetime, but specialised in fine earthenwares and stonewares that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abolitionism
Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the political movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved individuals around the world. The first country to fully outlaw slavery was France in 1315, but it was later used in its colonies. The first country to abolish and punish slavery for indigenous people was Spain with the New Laws in 1542. Under the actions of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, chattel slavery has been abolished across Japan since 1590, though other forms of forced labour were used during World War II. The first and only country to self-liberate from slavery was a former French colony, Haiti, as a result of the Revolution of 1791–1804. The British abolitionist movement began in the late 18th century, and the 1772 Somersett case established that slavery did not exist in English law. In 1807, the slave trade was made illegal throughout the British Empire, though existing slaves in British colonies were not liberated until the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. In the U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wedgwood - Anti-Slavery Medallion - Walters 482597
Wedgwood is an English China (material), fine china, porcelain and luxury accessories manufacturer that was founded on 1 May 1759 by the potter and entrepreneur Josiah Wedgwood and was first incorporated in 1895 as Josiah Wedgwood and Sons Ltd. It was rapidly successful and was soon one of the largest manufacturers of Staffordshire pottery, "a firm that has done more to spread the knowledge and enhance the reputation of British ceramic art than any other manufacturer", exporting across Europe as far as Russia, and to the Americas. It was especially successful at producing fine earthenware and stoneware that, though considerably less expensive, were accepted as equivalent in quality to porcelain (which Wedgwood made only later). Wedgwood is especially associated with the "dry-bodied" (unglazed) stoneware Jasperware in contrasting colours, and in particular that in "Wedgwood blue" and white, always much the most popular colours, though there are several others. Jasperware ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dying Slave
The ''Dying Slave'' (, ) is a sculpture by the Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo, created between 1513 and 1516. It was intended to accompany another figure, the '' Rebellious Slave'', as part of the design for the tomb of Pope Julius II. The marble figure is , and is housed in the Louvre Museum in Paris. In 1976, the art historian Richard Fly wrote that the sculpture "suggests that moment when life capitulates before the relentless force of dead matter". In the 2012 volume ''The Slave in European Art'', Charles Robertson discusses the ''Dying Slave'' in the context of actual slavery in Italy during the Renaissance. Fourteen reproductions of the ''Dying Slave'' adorn the top storey of the police station in Paris's 12th arrondissement. The building, although Art Deco in style, was designed in 1991 by architects and Miriam Teitelbaum. See also * List of works by Michelangelo * ''St. Quentin'' (Pontormo) * Representation of slavery in European art References Extern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavery
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavement is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see ). Many historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race or sex. Slaves would be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and existed in most socie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
