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Reckless Driving
In United States law, reckless driving is a major moving violation related to aggressive driving that generally consists of driving a vehicle with willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property. It is usually a more serious offense (law), offense than careless driving, improper driving, or driving without due care and attention, and is often punishable by fine (penalty), fines, imprisonment, or the suspension or revocation of one's driver's license. In Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth countries, the offense of dangerous driving applies. Reckless driving has been studied by psychologists who found that reckless drivers score high in risk-taking personality traits; however, no one cause can be assigned to the mental state. Depending on the jurisdiction, reckless driving may be defined by a particular mens rea, subjective mental state that is evident from the circumstances, or by particular driver actions regardless of mental state, or both. State laws A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demerit Points
A penalty point or demerit point system revokes or suspends a person's driving license based on the number of points accumulated over a specific period. Points are assigned for traffic offenses and infringements committed during this time. The demerit point schemes vary by jurisdiction and are typically implemented in addition to fines or other penalties. Under these schemes, a driver licensing authority, police force, or other authorized entity maintains a record of the demerit points accumulated by drivers. Points may be added or subtracted according to the rules of each jurisdiction's system. When a driver reaches or exceeds the prescribed point threshold, their license is typically revoked or suspended for a defined period or until specific conditions are met. Once the suspension period ends, the accumulated demerit points are usually reset or cancelled. The primary objective of these point systems is to identify, penalize, and discourage repeat traffic offenders while also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carjacking
Carjacking is a robbery in which a motor vehicle is taken over.Michael Cherbonneau, "Carjacking," in ''Encyclopedia of Social Problems'', Vol. 1 (SAGE, 2008: ed. Vincent N. Parrillo), pp. 110-11. In contrast to car theft, carjacking is usually in the presence and knowledge of the victim. A common crime in many places in the world, carjacking has been the subject of legislative responses, criminology studies, prevention efforts as well as being heavily dramatized in major film releases. Commercial vehicles such as trucks and armored cars containing valuable cargo are common targets of carjacking attempts. Carjacking usually involves physical violence to the victim, or using the victim as a hostage. In rare cases, carjacking may also involve sexual assault. Etymology The word is a portmanteau of ''automobile, car'' and ''hijacking''. The term was coined by reporter Scott Bowles and editor E. J. Mitchell with ''The Detroit News'' in 1991. ''The News'' first used the term in a report ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joyride (crime)
Joyriding is driving or riding in a stolen vehicle, most commonly a car, with no particular goal other than the pleasure or thrill of doing so or to impress other people. The term "joy riding" was coined by a New York judge in 1908. Joyriders often act opportunistically and choose easy targets (key-on-ignition while shopping, neighbor's car...). Like other car thieves, they can also gain access to locked cars with a flathead screwdriver and a slide hammer, although modern cars have systems to prevent a screwdriver from opening locks. Locks in cars manufactured before the early to mid-1990s were very weak and could be opened easily. The vehicle is started by either hot-wiring or breaking the ignition lock. Ignition systems were much less sophisticated before the early to mid-1990s and easier to bypass. The vehicle is often driven through rural areas or less busy residential areas to avoid police notice, and dumped when it is exhausted of fuel or damaged. Many cases of joyriding e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traffic Ticket
A traffic ticket is a notice issued by a law enforcement official to a motorist or other road user, indicating that the user has violated traffic laws. Traffic tickets generally come in two forms, citing a moving violation, such as exceeding the speed limit, or a non-moving violation, such as a parking violation, with the ticket also being referred to as a parking citation, or parking ticket. In some jurisdictions, a traffic ticket constitutes a notice that a penalty, such as a fine or accumulation of “ points”, has been or will be assessed against the driver or owner of a vehicle; failure to pay generally leads to prosecution or to civil recovery proceedings for the fine. In others, the ticket constitutes only a citation and summons to appear at traffic court, with a determination of guilt to be made only in court. Australia In Australia, traffic laws are made at the state level, usually in their own consolidated Acts of Parliament which have been based upon the Aus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traffic Stop
A traffic stop, colloquially referred to as being pulled over, is a temporary Detention (imprisonment), detention of a driver of a vehicle and its occupants by police to Criminal investigation, investigate a possible crime or minor violation of law. United States A traffic stop is usually considered to be a Terry stop, ''Terry'' stop and, as such, is a seizure by police; the standard set by the United States Supreme Court in ''Terry v. Ohio'' regarding temporary detentions requires only Reasonable suspicion, reasonable articulable suspicion that a crime has occurred or is about to occur. Traffic stops can be initiated at any time during the detention and arrest process, ranging from stops prior to arrest or issuance of a ticket for violation based on probable cause. Traffic stops date to the 1920s. Before probable cause Traffic stops may be executed upon Reasonable suspicion, reasonable articulable suspicion that a crime has occurred, for example, an observation of a poss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Street Racing
Street racing is an illegal form of motor racing that occurs on a public road. Racing in the streets is considered an ancient hazard, as horse racing occurred on streets for centuries, and street racing in automobiles is likely as old as the automobile itself. It became especially prevalent during the heyday of hot rodding (1960s), muscle cars (1970s and 1980s), Japanese domestic market, Japanese imports (1990s and 2000s) and exotic Sports car, sports cars (2010s and 2020s). Since then, it continues to be both popular and hazardous, with deaths of bystanders, passengers, and drivers occurring every year. In the United States, modern street racing traces its roots back to M-1 (Michigan highway), Woodward Avenue, Michigan, in the 1960s when the three main Detroit-based United States, American car companies were producing high-powered performance cars. Since a private racing venue was not always available, street races would be held illegally on public roads. Though typically taki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Road Rage
Road rage is aggressive or angry behavior exhibited by people driving a vehicle. These behaviors include rude and verbal insults, yelling, physical threats or dangerous driving methods targeted at other drivers, pedestrians, or cyclists in an effort to intimidate or release frustration. Road rage can lead to altercations, damage to property, assaults, and collisions that result in serious physical injuries or even death. Behaviour has included (but is not limited to) cutting motorists off, inappropriate honking, flashing headlights, using obscene gestures, flipping off another driver, swerving, tailgating, brake checking, and physical confrontation. According to a study by the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety that examined police records nationally, there were more than 1,250 incidents of road rage on average reported per year between 19901996 in the United States. Many of these incidents have ended with serious injuries or fatalities. These rates rose each year throughout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bike Rage
Bike rage refers to form of road rage in which acts of verbal or gestural anger or physical aggression between cyclists and other users of bike paths or roadways, including pedestrians, other cyclists, motorcyclists, or drivers. Bike rage can consist of shouting at other road users, making obscene gestures or threats, hitting or punching, or in rare cases, even more violent acts. The term can refer either to acts committed by cyclists or by other road users against cyclists. Bike rage is related to other explosive outbursts of anger such as road rage. Causes A bike rage incident can start because a cyclist, driver, or pedestrian believes that another road user was being discourteous, breaking traffic rules, or in many cases because someone felt that their safety was being compromised by the actions of another road user. According to University of Hawaii professor of psychology Leon James, "bike rage is a common occurrence, and quite predictable", because urban commuting causes " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom Traffic Laws
Present laws (Great Britain) *Highways Act 1980 (England and Wales)Roads (Scotland) Act 1984(Scotland) *Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 *Road Traffic Act 1988Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988*Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions, initially introduced on 1 January 1965 *The Highway Code (Great Britain edition), not law but a set of information, advice, guides and mandatory rules for road users History *Highway Act 1835 *Locomotive Acts *Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 *Motor Car Act 1903 *Roads Act 1920 *Road Traffic Act 1930 *Road Traffic Act 1934 Offences that apply to all vehicles Causing bodily harm by wanton or furious driving Motor vehicle offences *Causing death by dangerous driving *Dangerous driving *Careless driving/Driving without due care and attention Motor vehicle document offences: see English criminal law#Forgery, personation and cheating And see Drink driving (United Kingdom) Bicycles *''Taylor v Goodwin'' (1879) 4 QBD 228 bicycles are defined as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aggressive Driving
Aggressive driving is defined by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration as the behaviour of an individual who "commits a combination of moving traffic offences so as to endanger other persons or property." Definitions In the UK, Road Drivers offers a basic definition of aggressive driving: There are other alternative definitions: Behaviours associated By definition, aggressive driving is 'committing unprovoked attacks on other drivers', attacks such as not yielding to vehicles wishing to pass. The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has implemented the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, which identifies actions that would fall under the category of aggressive driving, including: * Following improperly / tailgating * Improper or erratic lane changing * Illegal driving on a road shoulder, in a ditch, or on a sidewalk or median * Passing where prohibited * Operating the vehicle in an erratic, reckless, careless, or negligent manner or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Summons
A summons (also known in England and Wales as a claim form or plaint note, and in the Australian state of New South Wales as a court attendance notice (CAN)) is a legal document issued by a court (a ''judicial summons'') or by an administrative agency of government (an ''administrative summons'') for various purposes. Judicial summons A judicial summons is served on a person involved in a legal proceeding. Legal action may be in progress against the person, or the person's presence as witness may be required. In the former case, the summons will typically announce to the person to whom it is directed that a legal proceeding has been started against that person, and that a case has been initiated in the issuing court. In some jurisdictions, it may be drafted in legal English difficult for the layman to understand, while several U.S. states expressly require summonses to be drafted in plain English and that they must start with this phrase: "Notice! You have been sued." The summon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
