|
Reasonableness Of Christianity
The concept of reasonableness has two related meanings in law and political theory: # As a legal norm, it is used "for the assessment of such matters as actions, decisions, and persons, rules and institutions, ndalso arguments and judgments." # As a regulative idea, it "requires... that all factors that might be relevant in answering a practical question be considered and... that they be assembled in a correct relation to each other in order to justify judgement" ''Reasonableness'' should not be conflated with ''rationality''. Political theory Reasonableness has been discussed by political thinkers such as John Rawls (in his 1993 ''Political Liberalism''), T. M. Scanlon, Brian Barry and Georg Henrik von Wright. Law The notion of "reasonableness" is omnipresent in European law, and has also affected "international treaties and general customs". Examples of its use can be found in canon and medieval law, suggesting roots going back to Ancient Rome. Standards and doctr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Philosophy
Political philosophy studies the theoretical and conceptual foundations of politics. It examines the nature, scope, and Political legitimacy, legitimacy of political institutions, such as State (polity), states. This field investigates different forms of government, ranging from democracy to authoritarianism, and the values guiding political action, like justice, equality, and liberty. As a normative field, political philosophy focuses on desirable norms and values, in contrast to political science, which emphasizes empirical description. Political ideologies are systems of ideas and principles outlining how society should work. Anarchism rejects the coercive power of centralized governments. It proposes a stateless society to promote liberty and equality. Conservatism seeks to preserve traditional institutions and practices. It is skeptical of the human ability to radically Social change, reform society, arguing that drastic changes can destroy the wisdom of past generations. Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reasonable Care
In tort law, a duty of care is a legal obligation that is imposed on an individual, requiring adherence to a standard of reasonable care to avoid careless acts that could foreseeably harm others, and lead to claim in negligence. It is the first element that must be established to proceed with an action in negligence. The claimant must be able to show a duty of care imposed by law that the defendant has breached. In turn, breaching a duty may subject an individual to liability. The duty of care may be imposed ''by operation of law'' between individuals who have no ''current'' direct relationship (familial or contractual or otherwise) but eventually become related in some manner, as defined by common law (meaning case law). Duty of care may be considered a formalisation of the social contract, the established and implicit responsibilities held by individuals/entities towards others within society. It is not a requirement that a duty of care be defined by law, though it will oft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reasonable Person
In law, a reasonable person or reasonable man is a hypothetical person whose character and care conduct, under any ''common set of facts,'' is decided through reasoning of good practice or policy. It is a legal fiction crafted by the courts and communicated through case law and jury instructions. In some practices, for circumstances arising from an ''uncommon set of facts,'' this person represents a composite of a relevant community's judgement as to how a typical member of that community should behave in situations that might pose a threat of harm (through action or inaction) to the public. The reasonable person is used as a tool to standardize, teach law students, or explain the law to a jury. The reasonable person belongs to a family of hypothetical figures in law including: the "right-thinking member of society", the "officious bystander", the "reasonable parent", the "reasonable landlord", the "fair-minded and informed observer", the "person having ordinary skill in the ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reasonable And Non-discriminatory Licensing
Reasonable and non-discriminatory (RAND) terms, also known as fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms, denote a voluntary licensing commitment that standards organizations often request from the owner of an intellectual property right (usually a patent) that is, or may become, essential to practice a technical standard. Put differently, a F/RAND commitment is a voluntary agreement between the standard-setting organization and the holder of essential patent, standard-essential patents. U.S. courts, as well as courts in other jurisdictions, have found that, in appropriate circumstances, the implementer of a standard—that is, a firm or entity that uses a standard to render a service or manufacture a product—is an intended third-party beneficiary of the FRAND agreement, and, as such, is entitled to certain rights conferred by that agreement. A standard-setting organization is an industry group that sets common standards for its particular industry to ensure compati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reasonable Mind
__NOTOC__ Reasonable may refer to: * Reason, the capacity for rational thinking * Reasonable accommodation, An adjustment made in a system to accommodate an individual's need * Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing, a licensing requirement set by standards organizations * Reasonable Blackman, a silk weaver in sixteenth-century England * Reasonable doubt, a legal standard of proof in most adversarial criminal systems * Reasonable person, a person who exercises care, skill, and appropriate judgment ** Reasonableness, the quality of a government action that is ''reasonable'' ** Subjective and objective standard of reasonableness, legal standards of reasonableness * Reasonable person model, a psychological model of environments/actions that foster reasonableness * Reasonable suspicion, a legal standard of proof in United States law * Reasonable time, amount of time which is in fairness necessary to do something See also * Reason (other) Reason is the analytic faculty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legitimate Expectation
The doctrine of legitimate expectation was first developed in English law as a ground of judicial review in administrative law to protect a procedural or substantive interest when a public authority rescinds from a representation made to a person. It is based on the principles of natural justice and fairness, and seeks to prevent authorities from abusing power. The courts of the United Kingdom have recognized both procedural and substantive legitimate expectations. A procedural legitimate expectation rests on the presumption that a public authority will follow a certain procedure in advance of a decision being taken, while a substantive legitimate expectation arises where an authority makes a lawful representation that an individual will receive or continue to receive some kind of substantive benefit. In determining a claim for an alleged breach of a legitimate expectation, a court will deliberate over three key considerations: * whether a legitimate expectation has arisen; * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reasonable Expectation
__NOTOC__ Reasonable may refer to: * Reason, the capacity for rational thinking * Reasonable accommodation, An adjustment made in a system to accommodate an individual's need * Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing, a licensing requirement set by standards organizations * Reasonable Blackman, a silk weaver in sixteenth-century England * Reasonable doubt, a legal standard of proof in most adversarial criminal systems * Reasonable person, a person who exercises care, skill, and appropriate judgment ** Reasonableness, the quality of a government action that is ''reasonable'' ** Subjective and objective standard of reasonableness, legal standards of reasonableness * Reasonable person model, a psychological model of environments/actions that foster reasonableness * Reasonable suspicion, a legal standard of proof in United States law * Reasonable time, amount of time which is in fairness necessary to do something See also * Reason (other) * Reasonable doubt (disambigu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reasonable Doubt
Beyond (a) reasonable doubt is a legal standard of proof required to validate a criminal conviction in most adversarial legal systems. It is a higher standard of proof than the standard of balance of probabilities (US English: preponderance of the evidence) commonly used in civil cases, reflecting the principle that in criminal cases the stakes are significantly higher: a person found guilty can be deprived of liberty or, in extreme cases, life itself, in addition to the collateral consequences and social stigma attached to conviction. The prosecution bears the burden of presenting compelling evidence that establishes guilt beyond a reasonable doubt; if the trier of fact is not convinced to that standard, the accused is entitled to an acquittal In common law jurisdictions, an acquittal means that the criminal prosecution has failed to prove that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the charge presented. It certifies that the accused is free from the ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reasonable Diligence
__NOTOC__ Reasonable may refer to: * Reason, the capacity for rational thinking * Reasonable accommodation, An adjustment made in a system to accommodate an individual's need * Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing, a licensing requirement set by standards organizations * Reasonable Blackman, a silk weaver in sixteenth-century England * Reasonable doubt, a legal standard of proof in most adversarial criminal systems * Reasonable person, a person who exercises care, skill, and appropriate judgment ** Reasonableness, the quality of a government action that is ''reasonable'' ** Subjective and objective standard of reasonableness, legal standards of reasonableness * Reasonable person model, a psychological model of environments/actions that foster reasonableness * Reasonable suspicion, a legal standard of proof in United States law * Reasonable time Reasonable time is that amount of time which is fairly necessary, conveniently, to do whatever is required to be done, as soon as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
