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Razia Sultana
Raziyyat-Ud-Dunya Wa Ud-Din ( Hindustani (Hindi): रज़िय्यत उद दुन्या व उद दीन, ; 1205 – 15 October 1240, ), popularly known as Razia Sultan, was a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. She was the first female Muslim ruler of the subcontinent, and the only female Muslim ruler of Delhi. A daughter of Mamluk Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish, Razia administered Delhi during 1231–1232 when her father was busy in the Gwalior campaign. According to a possibly apocryphal legend, impressed by her performance during this period, Iltutmish nominated Razia as his heir apparent after returning to Delhi. Iltutmish was succeeded by Razia's half-brother Ruknuddin Firuz, whose mother Shah Turkan planned to execute her. During a rebellion against Ruknuddin, Razia instigated the general public against Shah Turkan, and ascended the throne after Ruknuddin was deposed in 1236. Razia's ascension was challenged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padshah
Padishah (; ) is a superlative sovereign title of Persian origin. A form of the word is known already from Middle Persian (or Pahlavi) as ''pātaxšā(h)'' or ''pādixšā(y)''. Middle Persian ''pād'' may stem from Avestan ''paiti'', and is akin to Pati (title). ''Xšāy'' 'to rule' and ''xšāyaθiya'' 'king' are both from Old Persian. It was adopted by several monarchs claiming the highest rank, roughly equivalent to the ancient Persian notion of " Great King", and later adopted by post-Achaemenid and the Mughal emperors of India. However, in some periods it was used more generally for autonomous Muslim rulers, as in the ''Hudud al-'Alam'' of the 10th century, where even some petty princes of Afghanistan are called ''pādshā(h)''/''pādshāʼi''/''pādshāy''. The rulers on the following thrones – the first two effectively commanding major West Asian empires – were styled Padishah: * The Shahanshah of Iran, originating mainly with the Safavids * The Padishah of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwalior
Gwalior (Hindi: , ) is a major city in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh; It is known as the Music City of India having oldest Gwalior gharana, musical gharana in existence. It is a major sports, cultural, industrial, and political centre in Madhya Pradesh. Gwalior is among the seven cities selected for new startup centres under India's growing innovation ecosystem. On World Cities Day (31 October 2023), UNESCO Director - General Audrey Azoulay announced Gwalior's inclusion among 55 new Creative Cities Network, world creative cities in the UCCN from India. This tag elevates Gwalior's identity internationally, spotlighting it's artists, music traditions and vibrant culture. It lies in northern part of Madhya Pradesh and is one of the National Capital Region (India)#Counter magnets, Counter-magnet cities. Located south of New Delhi, the capital city of India and from Bhopal, the state capital, Gwalior occupies a strategic location in the Gird, India, Gwalior Chambal re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasiruddin Mahmud (eldest Son Of Iltutmish)
Nāṣir ad-Dīn Maḥmūd () was the eldest son of the Delhi Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish and his chief consort Turkan Khatun, (as the court historian Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani clearly mentioned in the Tabaqat-i Nasiri, the only contemporary source of history of that time), the daughter of Qutb ud-Din Aibak. He was, in all probabilities, the full brother of Razia Sultan. He was the governor of Awadh and later served as the governor of Bengal (Preceded by Iwaz Khalji) until his death in 1229. Then in 1230 the son of Ali Sher Khalji, Balka Khalji declared himself as independent king of Bengal. Thus in 1231 Iltutmish marched against him and defeated him and made Alauddin Jani as the next governor of Bengal. History When Iwaz Khalji rebelled against Delhi Sultan Iltutmish, he sent his son Nasiruddin Mahmud along with Alauddin Jani to lead an invasion against Iwaz. Iwaz was defeated and killed, and Nasiruddin became the governor of Bengal. He received the title ''Malik ush-Shar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutb Ud-Din Aibak
Qutb ud-Din Aibak (; 1150 – 4 November 1210) was a Turkic general of the Ghurid emperor Muhammad Ghori. He was in charge of the Ghurid territories in northern India, and after Muhammad Ghori's assassination in 1206, he established his own independent rule in Lahore, and laid the foundations for the Sultanate of Delhi. A native of Turkestan, Aibak was sold into slavery as a child. He was purchased by a Qazi at Nishapur in Persia, where he learned archery and horse-riding among other skills. He was subsequently resold to Muhammad Ghori in Ghazni, where he rose to the position of the officer of the royal stables. During the Khwarazmian-Ghurid wars, he was captured by the scouts of Sultan Shah; after the Ghurid victory, he was released and highly favoured by Muhammad Ghori. After the Ghurid victory in the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192, Muhammad Ghori made Aibak in charge of his Indian territories. Aibak expanded the Ghurid power in northern India by conquering and raidin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The History Of India, As Told By Its Own Historians
''The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians'' is a book comprising translations of medieval Persian chronicles based on the work of Henry Miers Elliot. It was originally published as a set of eight volumes between 1867–1877 in London. The translations were in part overseen by Elliot, whose efforts were then extended and edited posthumously by John Dowson. The book has been reprinted several times, and is also available online. Elliot was keen to contrast what he saw as the justice and efficiency of the British rule compared to cruelty and despotism of Muslim rule. He expressed hope that it "will make our native subjects more sensible of the immense advantages accruing to them under the mildness and equity of our rule." Background Henry Miers Elliot was born in 1808. He was an administrator who worked for the British East India Company (EIC) and rose to the position of foreign secretary under the Governor-Generalships of Henry Hardinge and James Broun-Ramsay, 1st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Dowson
John Dowson M.R.A.S.(1820–1881) was a British indologist. A noted scholar of Hinduism, he taught in India for much of his life. His book ''Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology'' remains one of the most comprehensive and authoritative works on the topic. Life He was born at Uxbridge, and studied Eastern languages under his uncle Edwin Norris, whom he assisted for some years at the Royal Asiatic Society. He subsequently became a tutor at the East India Company College. In 1855, he was made professor of Hindustani both at University College, London, and at the Staff College, Sandhurst, a post he held till 1877. He died 23 August 1881. Works Dowson's duties as professor suggested his ''Grammar of the Urdu or Hindustani Language'' (1862), and he also translated one of the tracts of the ''Ikhwānu-s-Safa'', or Brotherhood of Purity. His major work was '' The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period'', which he edited from the papers of Henry Mier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Miers Elliot
Sir Henry Miers Elliot (1 March 1808 – 20 December 1853) was an English civil servant and historian who worked with the East India Company in India for 26 years. He is most known for '' The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians'' based on his works, published posthumously in eight volumes, between 1867–1877 in London. Early life and background Elliot was born on 1 March 1808. He was the third son, one of fifteen children, of John Elliot, of Pimlico Lodge, Westminster, colonel commandant of the Westminster volunteers, and a daughter of John Coakley Lettsom, M.D. He was educated from the age of ten at Winchester College, and destined for New College, Oxford; but the demand of the East India Company for civilians beyond the numbers regularly trained at Haileybury tempted him to try for an appointment in their service, and he was the first of the ' competition wallahs' to pass an open examination for an immediate post in India. His oriental languages as well as his c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padshah
Padishah (; ) is a superlative sovereign title of Persian origin. A form of the word is known already from Middle Persian (or Pahlavi) as ''pātaxšā(h)'' or ''pādixšā(y)''. Middle Persian ''pād'' may stem from Avestan ''paiti'', and is akin to Pati (title). ''Xšāy'' 'to rule' and ''xšāyaθiya'' 'king' are both from Old Persian. It was adopted by several monarchs claiming the highest rank, roughly equivalent to the ancient Persian notion of " Great King", and later adopted by post-Achaemenid and the Mughal emperors of India. However, in some periods it was used more generally for autonomous Muslim rulers, as in the ''Hudud al-'Alam'' of the 10th century, where even some petty princes of Afghanistan are called ''pādshā(h)''/''pādshāʼi''/''pādshāy''. The rulers on the following thrones – the first two effectively commanding major West Asian empires – were styled Padishah: * The Shahanshah of Iran, originating mainly with the Safavids * The Padishah of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minhaj-i-Siraj
Minhaj-al-Din Abu Amr Othman ibn Siraj-al-Din Muhammad Juzjani (born 1193), simply known as Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani, was a 13th-century Persian historian born in the region of Ghur. In 1227, Juzjani immigrated to Ucch and, thereafter, to Delhi. The principal historian of the Mamluk Sultanate of Delhi in northern India, Juzjani wrote of the Ghurid dynasty as well. He wrote the '' Tabaqat-i Nasiri'' (1260 CE) for ''Sultan'' Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah of Delhi.''Indian Historical Writing c.600-c.1400'', Duad Ali, The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 2: 400-1400, (Oxford University Press, 2012), 94. He died after 1266. See also * Muslim chronicles for Indian history References Sources * Further reading * External links Tabaqat-i-Nasiriat ''Banglapedia'' Tabaqat-i Nasiriat ''Encyclopædia Iranica ''Encyclopædia Iranica'' is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilizat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion, diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age#South Asia, Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a lingua franca, link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting effect on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies. Sanskrit generally connotes several Indo-Aryan languages# ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkic People
Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West Asia, West, Central Asia, Central, East Asia, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members speak languages belonging to the Turkic subfamily...". "The Turkic peoples represent a diverse collection of ethnic groups defined by the Turkic languages." According to historians and linguists, the Proto-Turkic language originated in Central-East Asia, potentially in the Altai-Sayan region, Mongolia or Tuva.: "The ultimate Proto-Turkic homeland may have been located in a more compact area, most likely in Eastern Mongolia": "The best candidate for the Turkic Urheimat would then be northern and western Mongolia and Tuva, where all these haplogroups could have intermingled, rather than eastern and southern Mongolia..." Initially, Proto-Turkic speakers were potentially both hunter-gatherers and farmers; they later became nomadic Pastoralism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
