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Raymond Geoffrey II Of Marseille
Raymond Geoffrey, Viscount of Marseille, usually called Barral of Marseille, was the third son of Hugh Geoffrey of Marseille and his wife Cécile of Aurons. Barral of Marseille was a patron of troubadours, including Folquet of Marseille and Peire Vidal. Barral was first married to Alasacie Porcellet, daughter of Hugues Sacristan and Galberge Porcellet. They had one daughter, Barrale. He later repudiated Adelaide and married Marie of Montpellier in 1192 or shortly before, but died in the same year. His daughter, Barrale, was married to Hugh III des Baux, son of Bertrand I des Baux and Tiburge of Orange (daughter of William of Aumelas William of Aumelas (or Omelas) was the second son of William V of Montpellier and of Ermessende, daughter of count Peter of Melgueil. The lordship of Aumelas (the Aumeladez) was detached from the territories of Montpellier to create a property for ...). Their son was Barral des Baux. Viscounts of France Patrons of literature 1192 deaths Ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh Geoffrey Of Marseille
Hugh is the English-language variant of the masculine given name , itself the Old French variant of '' Hugo (name)">Hugo'', a short form of Continental Germanic Germanic name">given names beginning in the element "mind, spirit" (Old English ). The Germanic name is on record beginning in the 8th century, in variants ''Chugo, Hugo, Huc, Ucho, Ugu, Uogo, Ogo, Ougo,'' etc. The name's popularity in the Middle Ages ultimately derives from its use by Frankish nobility, beginning with Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris Hugh the Great (898–956). The Old French form was adopted into English from the Norman period (e.g. Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury d. 1098; Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester, d. 1101). The spelling ''Hugh'' in English is from the Picard variant spelling '' Hughes'', where the orthography ''-gh-'' takes the role of ''-gu-'' in standard French, i.e. to express the phoneme /g/ as opposed to the affricate /ʒ/ taken by the grapheme ''g'' before front ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troubadour
A troubadour (, ; ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female equivalent is usually called a ''trobairitz''. The troubadour school or tradition began in the late 11th century in Occitania, but it subsequently spread to the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas. Under the influence of the troubadours, related movements sprang up throughout Europe: the Minnesang in Germany, '' trovadorismo'' in Galicia and Portugal, and that of the trouvères in northern France. Dante Alighieri in his '' De vulgari eloquentia'' defined the troubadour lyric as ''fictio rethorica musicaque poita'': rhetorical, musical, and poetical fiction. After the "classical" period around the turn of the 13th century and a mid-century resurgence, the art of the troubadours declined in the 14th century and around the time of the Black Death (1348) and since died out. The texts of troubado ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folquet De Marselha
Folquet de Marselha (alternatively Folquet de Marseille, Foulques de Toulouse, Fulk of Toulouse; c. 1150 – 25 December 1231) came from a Genoese merchant family who lived in Marseille. He is known as a troubadour, and then as a fiercely anti-Cathar bishop of Toulouse. Troubadour Initially famed as a troubadour, he began composing songs in the 1170s and was known to Raymond Geoffrey II of Marseille, Richard I of England, Richard Coeur de Lion, Raymond V of Toulouse, Raimond-Roger of Foix, Alfonso II of Aragon and William VIII of Montpellier. He is known primarily for his love songs, which were lauded by Dante; there are 14 surviving cansos, one tenson, one lament, one invective, three crusading songs and possibly one religious song (although its authorship is disputed). Like many other troubadours, he was later credited by the ''Biographies des Troubadours'' with having conducted love affairs with the various noblewomen about whom he sang (allegedly causing William VIII to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peire Vidal
Peire Vidal (fl. 12th century) was an Old Occitan troubadour. Forty-five of his songs are extant. The twelve that still have melodies bear testament to the deserved nature of his musical reputation. There is no contemporary reference to Peire outside of his works of poetry. His ''Vida (Occitan literary form), vida'' (a short Occitan biography)—composed about fifty years after his death—and two ''razos'' (short commentaries on specific poems) are probably fictionalised works built on episodes from his poems. Only the opening line of the ''vida'' is probably reliable. It says that he "was from Toulouse, the son of a furrier": ''si fo de Tolosa, fils d'un pelissier''. The fur and leather industry was well established in Toulouse, near the church of Saint Pierre des Cuisines, in the twelfth century. The rest of the ''vida'' is mostly invention based on Peire's poems, but it does contain the only reference to Peire having a wife: This fantastic story may be based on the historical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie Of Montpellier
Marie of Montpellier (adapted from Occitan language, Occitan: Maria de Montpelhièr) (1182 – 21 April 1213) was Lady of Montpellier and by her three marriages Viscountess of Marseille, Countess of Comminges and Queen of Aragon. She was the daughter of William VIII of Montpellier, William VIII, Lord of Montpellier, by his wife Eudokia Komnene, Lady of Montpellier, Eudokia Komnene, a niece of Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. Life Since her birth, Marie was the legitimate heiress of the Lordship of Montpellier, because a clause of the marriage contract of her parents established that the firstborn child, boy or girl, would succeed in Montpellier on William VIII's death. In April 1187, William VIII repudiated Eudokia Komnene and married a certain Agnes, a relative of the Kings of Aragon. They had eight children, six sons and two daughters. Although Eudokia entered in a convent in Aniane as a Benedictine nun, William VIII's second marriage was declared invalid and all the ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh III Of Baux
Hugh is the English-language variant of the masculine given name , itself the Old French variant of ''Hugo (name), Hugo'', a short form of Continental Germanic Germanic name, given names beginning in the element "mind, spirit" (Old English ). The Germanic name is on record beginning in the 8th century, in variants ''Chugo, Hugo, Huc, Ucho, Ugu, Uogo, Ogo, Ougo,'' etc. The name's popularity in the Middle Ages ultimately derives from its use by Franks, Frankish nobility, beginning with Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris Hugh the Great (898–956). The Old French form was adopted into English from the Norman England, Norman period (e.g. Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury d. 1098; Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester, d. 1101). The spelling ''Hugh'' in English is from the Picard variant spelling ''Hughes (given name), Hughes'', where the orthography ''-gh-'' takes the role of ''-gu-'' in standard French, i.e. to express the phoneme /g/ as opposed to the affricate /ʒ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertrand I Of Baux
Bertrand I of Baux was Lords of Baux, lord of Baux of the house of Baux. He was a younger son of Raymond of Baux. Life His mother was Étiennette de Provence (died around 1163), daughter of Gilbert I of Gévaudan, Viscount of Millau and Lodève and later count of Gévaudan, and Gerberge of Provence, Countess of Provence. Étiennette was the sister of Douce de Gévaudan, Countess of Provence, wife of Ramon_Berenguer_III,_Count_of_Barcelona, Raymond Berengar III, Count of Barcelona. When the latter died in 1129, Raymond des Baux asserted his claim to the County of Provence, thus beginning the Baussenque Wars. A Prince of the Holy Roman Empire During the Baussenque Wars, a significant event symbolized the reconciliation between the houses of Barcelona and des Baux. The young Alfonso II of Aragon owed his rescue to Bertrand des Baux, who, by taking him behind his horse, enabled him to escape from the enemy-held Château d'Albaron and return to the city of Arles. For a traditiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Of Aumelas
William of Aumelas (or Omelas) was the second son of William V of Montpellier and of Ermessende, daughter of count Peter of Melgueil. The lordship of Aumelas (the Aumeladez) was detached from the territories of Montpellier to create a property for him. At some date after 1118 he married Tiburge, Countess of Orange, daughter and heiress of Raimbaut, count of Orange. He fell ill and made his will on 7 March 1155. He died before May 1156. William and Tiburge had three children: * Raimbaut of Orange (or Raimbaut d'Aurenja) who became lord of Orange and Aumelas and was a major troubadour. He died childless. *Tiburge, who in 1147 married Adhemar (Adémar) de Murvieux, from Murviel near Montpellier. They had two daughters, Tiburge and Sibylle, who (after the death of their uncle Raimbaut) became joint possessors of Aumelas, eventually ceding it in 1199 to William VIII of Montpellier. * Tiburge (''autre Tiburge'', according to her father's will), who married **Firstly Geoffrey of Mornas, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barral Of Baux
Barral of Baux (died 1268) was Viscount of Marseille and Lord of Baux. He was the son of Hugh III of Baux, Viscount of Marseille, and Barrale. Career Barral came to oppose the Albigensian Crusade, and invaded the Comtat Venaissin in 1234 in support of Raymond VII of Toulouse. In 1239, Barral entered negotiations to have his daughter Cecile marry Guigues VII, Dauphin of Viennois, another supporter of Toulouse. Under pressure from Philip of Savoy, Barral reneged on the engagement, saying he had only agreed to it in fear of his life. In 1244, Barral helped arbitrate the latest conflict between Savoy and Provence on one side and the dauphin and Aymar III of Valentinois on the other. In December of that year, Cecile married the Count of Savoy, firmly pulling Baux into the Savoy alliances. In 1246, Barral joined his son-in-law and family in bringing an army to the rescue of Beatrice of Savoy and her daughter Beatrice of Provence, who had recently inherited the county of Proven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viscounts Of France
A viscount ( , for male) or viscountess (, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status. The status and any domain held by a viscount is a viscounty. In the case of French viscounts, the title is sometimes left untranslated as ''vicomte'' . Etymology The word ''viscount'' comes from Old French (French language">Modern French: ), itself from Medieval Latin , accusative case, accusative of , from Vulgar Latin, Late Latin "deputy" + Latin (originally "companion"; later Roman imperial courtier or trusted appointee, ultimately count). History During the Carolingian Empire, the kings appointed counts to administer provinces and other smaller regions, as governors and military commanders. Viscounts were appointed to assist the counts in their running of the province, and often took on judicial responsibility. The kings strictly prevented the offices of their counts and viscounts from becoming hereditary, in order to consolidate their po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrons Of Literature
Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another. In the history of art, art patronage refers to the support that princes, popes, and other wealthy and influential people have provided to artists such as musicians, painters, and sculptors. It can also refer to the right of bestowing offices or church benefices, the business given to a store by a regular customer, and the guardianship of saints. The word ''patron'' derives from the Latin ('patron'), one who gives benefits to his clients (see patronage in ancient Rome). In some countries, the term is used to describe political patronage or patronal politics, which is the use of state resources to reward individuals for their electoral support. Some patronage systems are legal, as in the Canadian tradition of the prime minister appointing senators and the heads of a number of commissions and agencies; in many cases, these appointments go to people who have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1192 Deaths
Year 1192 ( MCXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1192nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 192nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 92nd year of the 12th century, and the 3rd year of the 1190s decade. Events * January 7 – Venus occults Jupiter. * April 28 – Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, is assassinated in Tyre, only days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by Hashshashin, later the basis of folk etymology for the English word "assassin." * August 21 – Minamoto no Yoritomo is granted the title of ''shōgun'', thereby officially establishing the first shogunate in the history of Japan. *Margaritus of Brindisi is created the first Count of Malta for capturing Constance, Holy Roman Empress in 1191. *Second Battle of Tarain in India: The Ghurid forces of Mu'izz al-Din are victorious over Prithviraj Chauhan. * The Lugouqiao (later the Marco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
