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Rationalism (other)
Rationalism is a philosophical position, theory, or view that reason is the source of knowledge. Rationalism may also refer to: * Rationalism (architecture), a term applied to a number of architectural movements * Rationalism (international relations), a political perspective on the international system * Rationalism (theology), philosophical Rationalism applied in theology * Critical rationalism, an epistemological philosophy advanced by Karl Raimund Popper * Economic rationalism, an Australian term in discussion of microeconomic policy * Pancritical rationalism Pancritical rationalism (literally "criticism of all things", from pan-, "all", also known as PCR), also called comprehensively critical rationalism (CCR), is a development of critical rationalism and panrationalism originated by William Warren ..., a theory by William Warren Bartley developed from panrationalism and critical rationalism See also * Rational (other) * Rationale (other) * Rationality ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rationalism
In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification".Lacey, A.R. (1996), ''A Dictionary of Philosophy'', 1st edition, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1976. 2nd edition, 1986. 3rd edition, Routledge, London, 1996. p. 286 More formally, rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory "in which the criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive".Bourke, Vernon J., "Rationalism," p. 263 in Runes (1962). In an old John Locke (1690), An Essay on Human Understanding controversy, rationalism was opposed to empiricism, where the rationalists believed that reality has an intrinsically logical structure. Because of this, the rationalists argued that certain truths exist and that the intellect can directly grasp these truths. That is to say, rationalists asserted that certain rational principles exist in logic, mathematics, ethics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rationalism (architecture)
In architecture, Rationalism is an architectural current which mostly developed from Italy in the 1920s and 1930s. Vitruvius had claimed in his work ''De architectura'' that architecture is a science that can be comprehended rationally. The formulation was taken up and further developed in the architectural treatises of the Renaissance. Eighteenth-century progressive art theory opposed the Baroque use of illusionism with the classic beauty of truth and reason. Twentieth-century Rationalism derived less from a special, unified theoretical work than from a common belief that the most varied problems posed by the real world could be resolved by reason. In that respect, it represented a reaction to Historicism and a contrast to Art Nouveau and Expressionism. The term ''Rationalism'' is commonly used to refer to the wider International Style. Enlightenment rationalism The name Rationalism is retroactively applied to a movement in architecture that came about during the Age of Enl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rationalism (international Relations)
Rational choice (also termed rationalism) is a prominent framework in international relations scholarship. Rational choice is not a substantive theory of international politics, but rather a methodological approach that focuses on certain types of social explanation for phenomena. In that sense, it is similar to constructivism, and differs from liberalism and realism, which are substantive theories of world politics. Rationalist analyses have been used to substantiate realist theories, as well as liberal theories of international relations. Rational choice research tends to explain conditions that bring about outcomes or patterns of behavior if relevant actors behave rationally. Key concepts in rational choice research in international relations include incomplete information, credibility, signaling, transaction costs, trust, and audience costs. Rational choice in international relations According to James D. Fearon, a rational choice research project typically proceeds in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rationalism (theology)
Natural theology, once also termed physico-theology, is a type of theology that seeks to provide arguments for theological topics (such as the existence of a deity) based on reason and the discoveries of science. This distinguishes it from revealed theology, which is based on scripture and/or religious experiences, also from transcendental theology, which is based on ''a priori'' reasoning. It is thus a type of philosophy, with the aim of explaining the nature of the celestial motors, or gods, or of one supreme god, that are responsible for heavenly motion. Aristotle's tractate on metaphysics claims to demonstrate the necessary existence of an unmoved prime mover. For monotheistic religions, this principally involves arguments about the attributes or non-attributes of a deity, and especially the deity's existence, using arguments that do not involve recourse to revelation. The ideals of natural theology can be traced back to the Old Testament and Greek philosophy. E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critical Rationalism
Critical rationalism is an epistemological philosophy advanced by Karl Popper on the basis that, if a statement cannot be logically deduced (from what is known), it might nevertheless be possible to logically falsify it. Following Hume, Popper rejected any inductive logic that is ampliative, i.e., any logic that can provide more knowledge than deductive logic. In other words if we cannot assert it logically, we should at the least try to logically falsify it, which led Popper to his falsifiability criterion. Popper wrote about critical rationalism in many works, including: '' The Logic of Scientific Discovery'' (1934/1959), '' The Open Society and its Enemies'' (1945), '' Conjectures and Refutations'' (1963), ''Unended Quest'' (1976), and '' The Myth of the Framework'' (1994). Criticism, not support Critical rationalists hold that scientific theories and any other claims to knowledge can and should be rationally criticized, and (if they have empirical content) can and sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic Rationalism
Economic rationalism is an Australian term often used in the discussion of macroeconomic policy, applicable to the economic policy of many governments around the world, in particular during the 1980s and 1990s. Economic rationalists tend to favour economically liberal policies: deregulation, a free market economy, privatisation of state-owned industries, lower direct taxation and higher indirect taxation, and a reduction of the size of the welfare state. Near-equivalents include Rogernomics (NZ), Thatcherism (UK) and Reaganomics (US). However, the term was also used to describe advocates of market-oriented reform within the Australian Labor Party, whose position was closer to what has become known as the 'Third Way'. As it is a phrase used by the sociologist Max Weber in ''The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'' the highest likelihood is the term was drawn from there and its modern denotations can all be accommodated within Weber's usage. Its recent usage arose indepen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pancritical Rationalism
Pancritical rationalism (literally "criticism of all things", from pan-, "all", also known as PCR), also called comprehensively critical rationalism (CCR), is a development of critical rationalism and panrationalism originated by William Warren Bartley in his book ''The Retreat to Commitment ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...''. PCR attempts to work around the problem of ultimate commitment or infinite regress by decoupling criticism and justification. A pancritical rationalist holds all positions open to criticism, including PCR itself. Such a position in principle never resorts to appeal to authority for justification of stances, since all authorities are held to be intrinsically fallible. References * William W. Bartley: ''The Retreat to Commitment'' (Open C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rational (other)
Rational may refer to: * Rational number, a number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers * Rational point of an algebraic variety, a point defined over the rational numbers * Rational function, a function that may be defined as the quotient of two polynomials * Rational fraction, an expression built from the integers and some variables by addition, subtraction, multiplication and division * Rational Software, a software company now owned by IBM * Tenberry Software, formerly Rational Systems, a defunct American software company * Rational AG, a German manufacturer of food processors * RationaL, stage name of Canadian hip-hop artist Matt Brotzel * The Rationals, a former American rock and roll band * Rational, a personality classification in the Keirsey Temperament Sorter *Priestly breastplate, called a 'rational' in older Biblical translations, from the Vulgate name for the breastplate: 'rationale' See also * Rationality * Rationale (other) *Rationalism (disambi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rationale (other)
Rationale may refer to: * An explanation of the basis or fundamental reasons for something ** Design rationale, an explicit documentation of the reasons behind design decisions * Rationale (vestment), a liturgical vestment worn by some Roman Catholic bishops * Rationale (musician) (born 1984), Zimbabwean-born British singer and songwriter ** ''Rationale'' (album), 2017 See also * Rationality *Rational (other) *Rationalism (other) Rationalism is a philosophical position, theory, or view that reason is the source of knowledge. Rationalism may also refer to: * Rationalism (architecture), a term applied to a number of architectural movements * Rationalism (international relat ... * Rationalization (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rationality
Rationality is the quality of being guided by or based on reasons. In this regard, a person acts rationally if they have a good reason for what they do or a belief is rational if it is based on strong evidence. This quality can apply to an ability, as in rational animal, to a psychological process, like reasoning, to mental states, such as beliefs and intentions, or to persons who possess these other forms of rationality. A thing that lacks rationality is either ''arational'', if it is outside the domain of rational evaluation, or '' irrational'', if it belongs to this domain but does not fulfill its standards. There are many discussions about the essential features shared by all forms of rationality. According to reason-responsiveness accounts, to be rational is to be responsive to reasons. For example, dark clouds are a reason for taking an umbrella, which is why it is rational for an agent to do so in response. An important rival to this approach are coherence-based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
