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Ras Beirut Artists
According to Palestinian artist and art historian Kamal Boullata (1942-2019), ''Ras Beirut'' refers to a group of Palestinian artists who practiced in Lebanon's cultural capital of Beirut in the twentieth century following their displacement during the Nakba. Despite the trauma of displacement, these artists enjoyed a level of wealth and comfort due to their families’ socio-economic statuses and prominence first in Palestine's major cities and later in cosmopolitan Beirut society. The Ras Beirut artists had access to formal education and artistic training, and many studied abroad in Europe or the United States. Many Ras Beirut artists drew inspiration from Palestinian artistic traditions combined with newer and more contemporary artistic styles and techniques learned in Beirut. Boullata's model for understanding Palestinian art production in Beirut splits Palestinian artists into two groups, differentiating between the Ras Beirut artists and their counterparts in the refugee cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamal Boullata
Kamal Boullata (;1942 − August 6, 2019) was a Palestinian artist and art historian. He worked primarily with acrylic and silkscreen. His work was abstract in style, focusing on the ideas of division in State of Palestine, Palestinian identity and separation from homeland. He expressed these ideas through geometric forms as well as through the integration of Arabic words and calligraphy. Biography Kamal Boullata was born to mother Barbara Ibrahim Atalla and father Yusuf Isa Boullata in the Christian Quarter of Jerusalem in 1942 shortly before the partition of Palestine (region), Palestine and Israel. He had five older siblings by the names of Isa, Renée, André, Jamil, and Su‘ad. He attended elementary school at the Collège des Frères (Jerusalem), Collège des Frères and secondary school at the St. George's School, Jerusalem, St. George's School. His first encounters with painted works were Byzantine icons. Later in his childhood, Boullata recalls sitting for hours on end as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and is considered Holy city, holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Both Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital city; Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there, while Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power. Neither claim is widely Status of Jerusalem, recognized internationally. Throughout History of Jerusalem, its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice, Siege of Jerusalem (other), besieged 23 times, captured and recaptured 44 times, and attacked 52 times. According to Eric H. Cline's tally in Jerusalem Besieged. The part of Jerusalem called the City of David (historic), City of David shows first signs of settlement in the 4th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestinian Artists
Palestinians () are an Arab ethnonational group native to the Levantine region of Palestine. *: "Palestine was part of the first wave of conquest following Muhammad's death in 632 CE; Jerusalem fell to the Caliph Umar in 638. The indigenous population, descended from Jews, other Semitic groups, and non-Semitic groups such as the Philistines, had been mostly Christianized. Over succeeding centuries it was Islamicized, and Arabic replaced Aramaic (a Semitic tongue closely related to Hebrew) as the dominant language" * : "Palestinians are the descendants of all the indigenous peoples who lived in Palestine over the centuries; since the seventh century, they have been predominantly Muslim in religion and almost completely Arab in language and culture." * : "Furthermore, Zionism itself was also defined by its opposition to the indigenous Palestinian inhabitants of the region. Both the 'conquest of land' and the 'conquest of labor' slogans that became central to the dominant strain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wikipedia Student Program
Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that is written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the wiki software MediaWiki. Founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger in 2001, Wikipedia has been hosted since 2003 by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American nonprofit organization funded mainly by donations from readers. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history. Initially available only in English, Wikipedia exists in over 340 languages. The English Wikipedia, with over million articles, remains the largest of the editions, which together comprise more than articles and attract more than 1.5 billion unique device visits and 13 million edits per month (about 5edits per second on average) . , over 25% of Wikipedia's traffic comes from the United States, while Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany and Russia each account for around 5%. Wikipedia has been praised for enabling the democra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laila Shawa
Laila Shawa ( Arabic:ليلى الشوا; Born April 4 1940 – Died 24 October 2022) was a Palestinian visual artist. Her work has been described as a personal reflection concerning the politics of her country, particularly highlighting perceived injustices and persecution. She was one of the most prominent and prolific artists of the Arabic revolutionary contemporary art scene. As a Palestinian living in the Gaza Strip for her formative years and the daughter of Rashad al-Shawa, activist and mayor of Gaza City, Shawa's revolutionary mindset was inculcated at a young age. Often her artwork, which included paintings, sculptures, and installations, worked with photographs that served as the base for silkscreen printing. Her work has been internationally exhibited and is displayed in many public (e.g. The British Museum) and private collections. Early life Laila Shawa was born on 4 April 1940 in Gaza, Mandatory Palestine, eight years prior to the 1948 Nakba and the founding o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bourj Hammoud
Bourj Hammoud (also spelled Burj Hammud; ; ) is a town and municipality in Lebanon located north-east of the capital Beirut, in the Matn District, and is part of Greater Beirut. The town is heavily populated by Lebanese Armenians. Bourj Hammoud is a mixed residential, industrial and commercial area and is one of the most densely populated districts in the Middle East. Bourj Hammoud has a major waterfront (river and sea) at Beirut's north gateway that, however, underwent an anarchic urban development. History Early history Bourj Hammoud was settled by Armenians who had survived the death marches in Deir ez-Zor (Syria) during the Armenian genocide. They arrived in Beirut after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and were given the right to construct shacks on the eastern banks of the Beirut River, which consisted of swamps and marshy lands at the time. They were then allowed to erect houses and buildings which stand to this day. In 1952, Bourj Hammoud became an independent munic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Guiragossian
Paul Guiragossian (December 25, 1926 - November 20, 1993) was an Armenian-Lebanese artist from Jerusalem known for expressive paintings that often explored themes of identity and conflict. His works are characterized by the use of human figures, bold colors, and strong abstract brushstrokes. Guiragossian's art often portrayed the suffering of individuals experiencing political and social turmoil. In Lebanon, he received one of the country's highest national honors, the Medal of the National Order of the Cedar, becoming one of the most celebrated and influential artists of his time until his death on November 20, 1993, in Beirut. Biography Born in Jerusalem to Armenian parents, who were survivors of the Armenian genocide, Paul Guiragossian experienced the consequences of exile from a very tender age. Sent to Catholic missionary boarding schools from the age of four, Guiragossian grew up away from his mother who had to work to ensure her two sons received an education, and his fathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fresco
Fresco ( or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall. The word ''fresco'' () is derived from the Italian adjective ''fresco'' meaning "fresh", and may thus be contrasted with fresco-secco or secco mural painting techniques, which are applied to dried plaster, to supplement painting in fresco. The fresco technique has been employed since antiquity and is closely associated with Italian Renaissance painting. The word ''fresco'' is commonly and inaccurately used in English to refer to any wall painting regardless of the plaster technology or binding medium. This, in part, contributes to a misconception that the most geographically and temporally common wall painting technology was the painting into wet lime plaster. Even in apparently '' buon fresco'' technology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidon
Sidon ( ) or better known as Saida ( ; ) is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located on the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast in the South Governorate, Lebanon, South Governorate, of which it is the capital. Tyre, Lebanon, Tyre, to the south, and the Lebanese capital of Beirut, to the north, are both about away. Sidon has a population of about 80,000 within the city limits, while its metropolitan area has more than a quarter-million inhabitants. Etymology The Phoenician language, Phoenician name (, ) probably meant "fishery" or "fishing town". It is mentioned in Papyrus Anastasi I as ''ḏjdwnꜣ''. It appears in Biblical Hebrew as () and in Classical Syriac, Syriac as (). This was hellenization, Hellenised as (), which was latinization of names, Latinised as and entered English in this form. The name appears in Classical Arabic as () and in Modern Standard Arabic, Modern Arabic as (). As a Colonia (Roman), Roman colony, it was notionally refounded and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beirut
Beirut ( ; ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, just under half of Lebanon's population, which makes it the List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, fourth-largest city in the Levant region and the List of largest cities in the Arab world, sixteenth-largest in the Arab world. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast. Beirut has been inhabited for more than 5,000 years, making it one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world. Beirut is Lebanon's seat of government and plays a central role in the Economy of Lebanon, Lebanese economy, with many banks and corporations based in the city. Beirut is an important Port of Beirut, seaport for the country and region, and rated a Global City, Beta- World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Beirut was severely damaged by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaffa
Jaffa (, ; , ), also called Japho, Joppa or Joppe in English, is an ancient Levantine Sea, Levantine port city which is part of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, located in its southern part. The city sits atop a naturally elevated outcrop on the Mediterranean coastline. Excavations at Jaffa indicate that the city was settled as early as the Bronze Age, Early Bronze Age. The city is referenced in several ancient Ancient Egypt, Egyptian and Neo-Assyrian Empire, Assyrian documents. Biblically, Jaffa is noted as one of the boundaries of the tribe of Dan and as a port through which Cedrus libani, Lebanese cedars were imported for the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem. Under Achaemenid Empire, Persian rule, Jaffa was given to the Phoenicians. The city features in the biblical story of Jonah and the Greek legend of Andromeda (mythology), Andromeda. Later, the city served as the major port of Hasmonean Judea. However, its importance declined during the Roman Empire, Roman perio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juliana Seraphim
Juliana Seraphim (Arabic: جوليانا سيرافيم; born 1934 in Jaffa, Palestine; died 2005 Beirut, Lebanon) is a Palestinian-born painter. She was a refugee in Sidon, displaced after the 1948 Nakba. She gained prominence in Palestinian, Lebanese, and later, international art spheres for her unique surrealist art style which incorporated themes of homeland, femininity, memory, and identity. Biography Seraphim was born in 1934 in Jaffa, Mandatory Palestine. At the age of 14, her family was displaced by the Nakba and subsequently forced to flee by boat to Sidon, Southern Lebanon. There, she attended a Catholic boarding school for three years. Seraphim was among the first waves of Palestinian refugees to be forcibly relocated to Beirut, Lebanon in 1952. Upon being displaced, she worked as a secretary at UNRWA while simultaniously attending art classes. Education and career In Beirut, Seraphim developed her personal style and began to produce some of her most notable works. Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
