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Ramesses XII
Usermaatre-heqawast Rameses-mereramun (Egyptian ''wsr-mȝʿt-rʿ ḥqȝ-wȝst sȝ-rʿ rʿ-ms-s mrr-jmn'') is an obscure pharaoh tentatively placed at the end of the Twentieth Dynasty, in possibly c. 1075–1068 BC. The royal name is unquestionably attested as such in a single known inscription, Wadi Hammamat text 22, but although associated by several scholars with the well-known Ramesses II, it appears to designate a distinct king who might belong in the obscure period of transition between the Twentieth and Twenty-first Dynasties. Evidence and interpretation Wadi Hammamat text 22 consists of simple royal titles preceding two carefully carved cartouches, reading "Perfect God, Lord of the Two Lands: Usermaatre-heqawast, Son of Ra: Rameses-mereramun" (''nṯr-nfr nb-tȝwj wsr-mȝʿt-rʿ ḥqȝ-wȝst sȝ-rʿ rʿ-ms-s mrr-jmn''). The royal name Usermaatre-heqawast Rameses-mereramun was known since the early days of Egyptology. Without specifically citing Wadi Hammamat text 22 as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amun
Amun was a major ancient Egyptian deity who appears as a member of the Hermopolitan Ogdoad. Amun was attested from the Old Kingdom together with his wife Amunet. His oracle in Siwa Oasis, located in Western Egypt near the Libyan Desert, remained the only oracle of Amun throughout. With the 11th Dynasty ( BC), Amun rose to the position of patron deity of Thebes by replacing Montu. Initially possibly one of eight deities in the Hermapolite creation myth, his worship expanded. After the rebellion of Thebes against the Hyksos and with the rule of Ahmose I (16th century BC), Amun acquired national importance, expressed in his fusion with the Sun god, Ra, as Amun-Ra (alternatively spelled Amon-Ra or Amun-Re). On his own, he was also thought to be the king of the gods. Amun-Ra retained chief importance in the Egyptian pantheon throughout the New Kingdom (with the exception of the " Atenist heresy" under Akhenaten). Amun-Ra in this period (16th–11th centur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Jansen-Winkeln
Karl may refer to: People * Karl (given name), including a list of people and characters with the name * Karl der Große, commonly known in English as Charlemagne * Karl of Austria, last Austrian Emperor * Karl (footballer) (born 1993), Karl Cachoeira Della Vedova Júnior, Brazilian footballer * Karl (surname) In myth * Karl (mythology), in Norse mythology, a son of Rig and considered the progenitor of peasants (churl) * ''Karl'', giant in Icelandic myth, associated with Drangey island Vehicles * Opel Karl, a car * ST ''Karl'', Swedish tugboat requisitioned during the Second World War as ST ''Empire Henchman'' Other uses * Karl, Germany, municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany * ''Karl-Gerät'', AKA Mörser Karl, 600mm German mortar used in the Second World War * KARL project, an open source knowledge management system * Korean Amateur Radio League, a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in South Korea * KARL, a radio station in Minnesota * Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Unknown
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharaohs Of The Twentieth Dynasty Of Egypt
Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian: '' pr ꜥꜣ''; Meroitic: 𐦲𐦤𐦧, ; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty () until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. However, the equivalent Egyptian word for "king" was the term used most frequently by the ancient Egyptians for their monarchs, regardless of gender, through the middle of the Eighteenth Dynasty during the New Kingdom. The earliest confirmed instances of "pharaoh" used contemporaneously for a ruler were a letter to Akhenaten (reigned –1336 BCE) or an inscription possibly referring to Thutmose III (–1425 BCE). In the early dynasties, ancient Egyptian kings had as many as three titles: the Horus, the Sedge and Bee ( ''nswt-bjtj''), and the Two Ladies or Nebty ( ''nbtj'') name. The Golden Horus and the nomen titles were added later. In Egyptian society, religion was central to everyday life. One of the roles of the king was as an intermed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th-century BC Pharaohs
The 11th century is the period from 1001 (represented by the Roman numerals MI) through 1100 (MC) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the 1st century of the 2nd millennium. In the history of Europe, this period is considered the early part of the High Middle Ages. There was, after a brief ascendancy, a sudden decline of Byzantine power and a rise of Norman domination over much of Europe, along with the prominent role in Europe of notably influential popes. Christendom experienced a formal schism in this century which had been developing over previous centuries between the Latin West and Byzantine East, causing a split in its two largest denominations to this day: Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. In Song dynasty China and the classical Islamic world, this century marked the high point for both classical Chinese civilization, science and technology, and classical Islamic science, philosophy, technology and literature. Rival political factions at the Song dynasty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharaoh (Prus Novel)
''Pharaoh'' () is the fourth and last major novel by the Polish writer Bolesław Prus (1847–1912). Composed over a year's time in 1894–95, serialized in 1895–96, and published in book form in 1897, it was the sole historical novel by an author who had earlier disapproved of historical novels on the ground that they inevitably distort history. ''Pharaoh'' has been described by Czesław Miłosz as a "novel on... mechanism[s] of political power, state power and, as such, ... probably unique in world literature of the nineteenth century.... Prus, [in] selecting the reign of 'Pharaoh Ramses XIII' [a fictitious character] in the eleventh century BCE, sought a perspective that was detached from... pressures of [topicality] and censorship. Through his analysis of the dynamics of an ancient Egyptian society, he... suggest[s] an archetype of the struggle for power that goes on within any state." ''Pharaoh'' is set in the Egypt of 1087–85 BCE as that country experiences int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolesław Prus
Aleksander Głowacki (20 August 1847 – 19 May 1912), better known by his pen name Bolesław Prus (), was a Polish journalist, novelist, a leading figure in the history of Polish literature and philosophy, and a distinctive voice in world literature. Aged 15, Aleksander Głowacki joined the Polish 1863 Uprising against Imperial Russia. Shortly after his 16th birthday, he suffered severe battle injuries. Five months later, he was imprisoned. These early experiences may have precipitated the panic disorder and agoraphobia that dogged him through life, and shaped his opposition to seeking Poland's independence by force of arms. In 1872, in Warsaw, aged 25, he settled into a 40-year journalistic career that focused on science, technology, education, and economic and cultural development – societal enterprises essential to the perseverance of a people who in the 18th century had been partitioned out of political existence by Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Głowacki took t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siptah
Akhenre Setepenre Siptah or Merneptah Siptah was the penultimate ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. His father's identity is currently unknown. Both Seti II and Amenmesse have been suggested although the fact that Siptah later changed his royal name or Nomen (Ancient Egypt), nomen to Merneptah Siptah after his Year 2 suggests rather that his father was Merneptah. If correct, this would make Siptah and Seti II half-brothers since both of them were sons of Merneptah. He was not the crown prince, but succeeded to the throne as a child after the death of Seti II. His accession date occurred on I Season of the Emergence, Peret day 2 around the month of December. Origins Historically, it was believed that Tiaa (wife of Seti II), Tiaa, a wife of Seti II, was the mother of Siptah. This view persisted until it was eventually realized that a relief in the Louvre Museum (E 26901) "pairs Siptah's name together with the name of his mother" a certain Sutailya or Soteraya. Sutailya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bentresh Stela
The Bentresh Stela or Bakhtan Stela is an ancient Egyptian sandstone stela with a hieroglyphic text telling the story of Bentresh, daughter of the prince of Bakhtan (i.e. Bactria), who fell ill and was healed by the Egyptian god Khonsu. Dating The narrative is set during the reign of Ramesses II (Bentresh is his sister-in-law in the story), but the text is commonly regarded as pseudo-epigraphical; despite being carefully composed and carved in the New Kingdom fashion, the text itself betrays a much later execution. Adolf Erman suggested an early Ptolemaic datation for the stela, an opinion shared by Kim Ryholt; others scholars instead interpreted the text as anti-Persian propaganda and dated the stela to the 27th Dynasty. Purpose Its purpose might have been to reminisce on Egypt's old glory during foreign Persian or Ptolemaic rule, or to glorify Khonsu-Neferhotep, "the merciful" and Khonsu-Pairsekher, "the provider", the two aspects of the god worshiped in Thebes, or was inspi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoshenq VII
Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq (VII/VIa) Si-Ese Meryamun may have been an Egyptian king of the 23rd Dynasty, ruling Thebes in the period between the death of Takelot III and the Egyptian campaign of the Nubian king Piye, c. 755–730 BCE. The length of his reign has been estimated variously as between five and twenty-five years. He is poorly attested (Karnak Nile Level Text NLT 3 of year 5 and NLT 45 of year 17, 18 or 25), and his existence remains a matter of some dispute, but his short reign is supported by leading experts on the Third Intermediate Period such as Gerard Broekman and Kenneth Kitchen Kenneth Anderson Kitchen (1932 – 6 February 2025) was a British biblical scholar, Ancient Near Eastern historian, and Personal and Brunner Professor Emeritus of Egyptology and honorary research fellow at the School of Archaeology, Classics and .... References 8th-century BC pharaohs Pharaohs of the Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt Year of death unknown Year of birth u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoshenq VI
Shoshenq VI is known to be Pedubast I's immediate successor at Thebes based upon the career of the ''Letter Writer to Pharaoh'' Hor IX, who served under Osorkon II and Pedubast I (see Hor IX's statue—CGC 42226—which is explicitly dated to Pedubast's reign). Since Shoshenq VI's prenomen is inscribed on Hor IX's funerary cones, this indicates that Hor IX outlived Pedubast I and made his funeral arrangements under Shoshenq VI instead. His prenomen or royal name was "Usermaatre Meryamun Shoshenq" which is unusual because it is the only known example where the epithet "Meryamun" (''Beloved of Amun'') appears within a king's cartouche.David Aston, "Takeloth II: A Theban King of the 23rd Dynasty?" JEA 75 (1989), pp.139-153 Shoshenq VI's High Priest of Amun was a certain Takelot who first appears in office in Year 23 of Pedubast I. Shoshenq VI's Year 4 and Year 6 are attested in an inscription carved on the roof of the Temple of Monthu at Karnak by a certain Djedioh and in Nile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wehem Mesut
The period of ancient Egyptian history known as wehem mesut or, more commonly, Whm Mswt (Manuel de Codage transliteration: wHm msw.t) can be literally translated as ''Repetition of Births'', but is usually referred to as the ''(Era of the) Renaissance''. Date The Whm Mswt forms part of the reign of Ramesses XI, a king who ruled around the end of the New Kingdom and the start of the Third Intermediate Period. In his 19th year he began to count anew, with year 1 of the Whm Mswt perhaps identical to, but at least partly overlapping with his 19th regnal year, as can be seen from the headings of two lists of thieves, known as the Abbott Dockets. These read: * Year 1, first month of inundation, day 2, corresponding to Year 19 * Year 1, second month of inundation, day 24, corresponding to Year 19 For a long time it was unclear where the Whm Mswt should be placed chronologically. Since the reign of Ramesses IX lasted into its 19th year, the Abbott Dockets were sometimes taken as evidence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
