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Raillietina Olicapsulata
''Raillietina'' is a genus of cestoda, tapeworms that includes helminths, helminth parasitism, parasites of vertebrates, mostly of birds. The genus was named in 1920 in honour of a French people, French veterinarian and helminthology, helminthologist, Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet. Of the 37 species recorded under the genus, ''Raillietina demerariensis'', ''R. asiatica'', and ''R. formsana'' are the only species reported from humans, while the rest are found in birds. ''Raillietina echinobothrida, R. echinobothrida'', ''raillietina tetragona, R. tetragona'', and ''raillietina cesticillus, R. cesticillus'' are the most important species in terms of prevalence and pathogenicity among wild and domestic birds. Species Some important species include: *''Raillietina allomyodes'' *''Raillietina anatina'' *''Raillietina apivori'' *''Raillietina australis'' *''Raillietina baeri'' *''Raillietina beveridgei'' *''Raillietina carneostrobilata'' *''Raillietina celebensis'' *''Raillietin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raillietina Tetragona
''Raillietina tetragona'' (synonym ''Taenia tetragona'' Molin) is a parasitic tapeworm belonging to the class (biology), class Cestoda. It is a cosmopolitan helminth of the small intestine of pigeon, chicken and guinea fowl, and is found throughout the world. It is a very typical of cestode with striking resemblance to other species of ''Raillietina''. Its identifying features are, therefore, mainly on the neck and scolex structures. In addition, it is relatively large, and requires ant as intermediate host to complete its Biological life cycle, life cycle. Description ''Raillietina tetragona'' is the largest among aves, avian tapeworms, measuring up to 30 cm in length and 1–1.5 cm in breadth. It is whitish in colour, highly elongated, dorsoventral, dorso-ventrally flattened, and entirely covered with a tegument (helminth), tegument. The body is divisible into the head region called 'scolex', followed by an unsegmented 'neck', and then by highly segmentation (biology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertebrate
Vertebrates () are animals with a vertebral column (backbone or spine), and a cranium, or skull. The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord, while the cranium protects the brain. The vertebrates make up the subphylum Vertebrata with some 65,000 species, by far the largest ranked grouping in the phylum Chordata. The vertebrates include mammals, birds, amphibians, and various classes of fish and reptiles. The fish include the jawless Agnatha, and the jawed Gnathostomata. The jawed fish include both the Chondrichthyes, cartilaginous fish and the Osteichthyes, bony fish. Bony fish include the Sarcopterygii, lobe-finned fish, which gave rise to the tetrapods, the animals with four limbs. Despite their success, vertebrates still only make up less than five percent of all described animal species. The first vertebrates appeared in the Cambrian explosion some 518 million years ago. Jawed vertebrates evolved in the Ordovician, followed by bony fishes in the Devonian. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raillietina Allomyodes
''Raillietina'' is a genus of tapeworms that includes helminth parasites of vertebrates, mostly of birds. The genus was named in 1920 in honour of a French veterinarian and helminthologist, Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet. Of the 37 species recorded under the genus, ''Raillietina demerariensis'', ''R. asiatica'', and ''R. formsana'' are the only species reported from humans, while the rest are found in birds. '' R. echinobothrida'', '' R. tetragona'', and '' R. cesticillus'' are the most important species in terms of prevalence and pathogenicity among wild and domestic birds. Species Some important species include: *'' Raillietina allomyodes'' *'' Raillietina anatina'' *'' Raillietina apivori'' *'' Raillietina australis'' *'' Raillietina baeri'' *'' Raillietina beveridgei'' *'' Raillietina carneostrobilata'' *'' Raillietina celebensis'' *''Raillietina cesticillus'' *'' Raillietina chiltoni'' *'' Raillietina clerci'' *'' Raillietina coturnixi'' *'' Raillietina crassula' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a Germ theory of disease, germ. The term ''pathogen'' came into use in the 1880s. Typically, the term ''pathogen'' is used to describe an ''infectious'' microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or Transmission (medicine), transmit disease. However, these animals are usually referred to as parasites rather than pathogens. The scientific study of microscopic organisms, including microscopic pathogenic organisms, is called microbiology, while parasitology refers to the scientific study of parasites and the organisms that host them. There are several pathways through which pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prevalence
In epidemiology, prevalence is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seatbelt use) at a specific time. It is derived by comparing the number of people found to have the condition with the total number of people studied and is usually expressed as a fraction, a percentage, or the number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people. Prevalence is most often used in questionnaire studies. Difference between prevalence and incidence Prevalence is the number of disease cases ''present ''in a particular population at a given time, whereas incidence is the number of new cases that ''develop ''during a specified time period. Prevalence answers "How many people have this disease right now?" or "How many people have had this disease during this time period?". Incidence answers "How many people acquired the disease uring a specified time period". However, mathematically, prevalence is propor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raillietina Cesticillus
''Raillietina'' is a genus of cestoda, tapeworms that includes helminths, helminth parasitism, parasites of vertebrates, mostly of birds. The genus was named in 1920 in honour of a French people, French veterinarian and helminthology, helminthologist, Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet. Of the 37 species recorded under the genus, ''Raillietina demerariensis'', ''R. asiatica'', and ''R. formsana'' are the only species reported from humans, while the rest are found in birds. ''Raillietina echinobothrida, R. echinobothrida'', ''raillietina tetragona, R. tetragona'', and ''raillietina cesticillus, R. cesticillus'' are the most important species in terms of prevalence and pathogenicity among wild and domestic birds. Species Some important species include: *''Raillietina allomyodes'' *''Raillietina anatina'' *''Raillietina apivori'' *''Raillietina australis'' *''Raillietina baeri'' *''Raillietina beveridgei'' *''Raillietina carneostrobilata'' *''Raillietina celebensis'' *''Raillietin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raillietina Tetragona
''Raillietina tetragona'' (synonym ''Taenia tetragona'' Molin) is a parasitic tapeworm belonging to the class (biology), class Cestoda. It is a cosmopolitan helminth of the small intestine of pigeon, chicken and guinea fowl, and is found throughout the world. It is a very typical of cestode with striking resemblance to other species of ''Raillietina''. Its identifying features are, therefore, mainly on the neck and scolex structures. In addition, it is relatively large, and requires ant as intermediate host to complete its Biological life cycle, life cycle. Description ''Raillietina tetragona'' is the largest among aves, avian tapeworms, measuring up to 30 cm in length and 1–1.5 cm in breadth. It is whitish in colour, highly elongated, dorsoventral, dorso-ventrally flattened, and entirely covered with a tegument (helminth), tegument. The body is divisible into the head region called 'scolex', followed by an unsegmented 'neck', and then by highly segmentation (biology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birds
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight Bird skeleton, skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the common ostrich. There are over 11,000 living species and they are split into 44 Order (biology), orders. More than half are passerine or "perching" birds. Birds have Bird wing, wings whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the Flightless bird, loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemism, endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humans
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing#Evolution of hairlessness, hairlessness, bipedality, bipedalism, and high Human intelligence, intelligence. Humans have large Human brain, brains, enabling more advanced cognitive skills that facilitate successful adaptation to varied environments, development of sophisticated tools, and formation of complex social structures and civilizations. Humans are Sociality, highly social, with individual humans tending to belong to a Level of analysis, multi-layered network of distinct social groups — from families and peer groups to corporations and State (polity), political states. As such, social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of Value theory, values, norm (sociology), social norms, languages, and traditions (co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, palaeontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. About 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomen". The first part of a binomen is the name of a genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name (zoology), specific name or the specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet
Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet (also known as Alcide Railliet, born 11 March 1852 at La Neuville-lès-Wasigny in the Ardennes – died 25 December 1930) was a French veterinarian and helminthologist. Professor at the Veterinary School of Alfort, he is considered one of the founders of modern parasitology and wrote several books of veterinary parasitology. He chaired the Société zoologique de France in 1891. He was a member of the French Académie Nationale de Médecine, from 29 December 1896 to his death. He received the Legion of Honor. Tributes Railliet's name is honoured by several genera: '' Raillietia'' (Acari), '' Raillietina'' (Cestodes), '' Raillietascaris'', '' Raillietnema'' and '' Raillietstrongylus'' (Nematodes), '' Raillietiella'' (Pentastomida), and the Acari family Raillietiidae. Numerous species were named after Railliet, such as ''Amidostomum raillieti, Angiocaulus raillieti, Aspidodera raillieti, Conoweberia raillieti, Eucoleus raillieti, Haemostrongylu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helminthology
Helminthology is the study of parasitic worms (helminths). The field studies the taxonomy of helminths and their effects on their hosts. The origin of the first compound of the word is the Greek '' ἕλμινς'' - helmins, meaning "worm". In the 18th and early 19th century there was wave of publications on helminthology; this period has been described as the science's "Golden Era". During that period the authors Félix Dujardin, William Blaxland Benham, Peter Simon Pallas, Marcus Elieser Bloch, Otto Friedrich Müller, , Biodiversity Heritage Library Johann Goeze, Friedrich Zenker, Charles Wardell Stiles Charles Wardell Stiles (May 15, 1867 – January 24, 1941) was an American parasitology, parasitologist born in Spring Valley, New York. He was notable for working on a campaign against hookworm infestation in the American South, where it had bee ..., Carl Asmund Rudolphi, Otto Friedrich Bernhard von Linstow and Johann Gottfried Bremser started systematic scientific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
