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Quran Imitations
Quran imitations represent literary attempts to replicate the style, form and content of the Quran. Historically, they emerge in a dialectic with the doctrine of the i'jaz (inimitability) of the Quran, which asserts that the literary and/or semantic nature of the Quran cannot be reproduced by a human. Both Muslims and non-Muslims have written Quran imitations for various reasons, including as literary exercises, means to express one's admiration for the Quran, or attempts to meet the Quran challenge (the Islamic challenge for someone who doubts the Quran to create something that is like it). Reasons Quran itself has challenged opponents to produce something like it (the concept is known as ''al-taḥaddī'') and Muslims employ the term ''muʿāraḍāt'' ("assaults gainst the Quran) to attempts to contest inimitability of the Quran. Islamic traditions suggest that the first attempts at imitation were blasphemous or aimed at asserting claims of divine revelation. However, histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Writing Style
In literature, writing style is the manner of expressing thought in language characteristic of an individual, period, school, or nation. Thus, style is a term that may refer, at one and the same time, to singular aspects of an individual's writing habits or a particular document and to aspects that go well-beyond the individual writer. Beyond the essential elements of spelling, grammar, and punctuation, writing style is the choice of words, sentence structure, and paragraph structure, used to convey the meaning effectively. The former are referred to as ''rules'', ''elements'', ''essentials'', ''mechanics'', or ''handbook''; the latter are referred to as ''style'', or ''rhetoric''. The rules are about ''what'' a writer does; style is about ''how'' the writer does it. While following the rules drawn from established English usage, a writer has great flexibility in how to express a concept. Some have suggested that the point of writing style is to: * express the message to the reade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhymed Prose
Rhymed prose is a literary form and literary genre, written in Meter (poetry), unmetrical rhymes. This form has been known in many different cultures. In some cases the rhymed prose is a distinctive, well-defined style of writing. In modern literary traditions the boundaries of poetry are very broad (free verse, prose poetry, etc.), and some works may be described both as prose and poetry. Arabic culture and influences In classic Arabic literature, a famous form of rhymed prose is known as ''saj'''. Saj' is considered by many to be the earliest form of artistic speech in Arabic dating to Pre-Islamic Arabia, pre-Islamic times, and some reconstructions make it out to be a predecessor of metered poetic verse in Arabic. Rajaz may have been an intermediary for this process. An elaborate Arabic kind of rhymed prose is ''maqama''. It influenced other cultures of the Muslim world, such as Persian literature, Persian (as exemplified by Saadi (poet), Saadi's ''Gulistan of Sa'di, Gulestan'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnegans Wake
''Finnegans Wake'' is a novel by Irish literature, Irish writer James Joyce. It was published in instalments starting in 1924, under the title "fragments from ''Work in Progress''". The final title was only revealed when the book was published on 4 May 1939. The initial reception of ''Finnegans Wake'' was largely negative, ranging from bafflement at its radical reworking of language to open hostility towards its seeming pointlessness and lack of respect for literary conventions. Joyce, however, asserted that every syllable was justified. Its allusive and Experimental literature, experimental style has resulted in it having a reputation as one of the most Readability, difficult works in literature. Although the base language of the novel is English, it is an English that Joyce modified by combining and altering words from many languages into his own distinctive idiom. Some commentators believe this technique was Joyce's attempt to reproduce the way that memories, people, and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe (; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic who is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales involving mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as one of the central figures of Romanticism and Gothic fiction in the United States and of early American literature. Poe was one of the country's first successful practitioners of the short story, and is generally considered to be the inventor of the detective fiction genre. In addition, he is credited with contributing significantly to the emergence of science fiction. He is the first well-known American writer to earn a living exclusively through writing, which resulted in a financially difficult life and career.. Poe was born in Boston. He was the second child of actors David Poe Jr., David and Eliza Poe, Elizabeth "Eliza" Poe. His father abandoned the family in 1810, and when Eliza died the following year, Poe was taken in by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al Aaraaf
"Al Aaraaf" is an early poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1829. It tells of the afterlife in a place called Al Aaraaf, inspired by A'raf as described in the Quran. At 422 lines, it is Poe's longest poem. "Al Aaraaf", which Poe said he wrote before he was 15, was first published as the major poem in Poe's 1829 collection ''Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems''. The book and "Al Aaraaf" in particular received mostly negative reviews for its complexity, obscure references, and odd structure. Some, however, noted the potential in the young poet, including author and critic John Neal, to whom Poe had shown "Al Aaraaf" prior to publication. Poe later referred to Neal's response as the first words of encouragement he had received. Nevertheless, the negative response to "Al Aaraaf" may have inspired Poe's later poetic theory that poems should be kept short. Years later, in 1845, Poe used "Al Aaraaf" to hoax members of the Boston literary circle during a readi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin () was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era.Basker, Michael. Pushkin and Romanticism. In Ferber, Michael, ed., ''A Companion to European Romanticism''. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. He is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet,Short biography from University of Virginia . Retrieved 24 November 2006.Allan Reid, "Russia's Greatest Poet/Scoundrel" Retrieved 2 September 2006. as well as the founder of modern Russian literature [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pir Roshan
Bāyazīd Khān Ansārī (; – 1585), commonly known as Pīr Rōshān or Pīr Rōkhān, was an Afghan warrior, Sufi pir and revolutionary leader. He wrote mostly in Pashto, but also in Persian, Urdu and Arabic. His mother tongue was Ormuri. He is known for founding the Roshani movement, which gained many followers in present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan, and produced numerous Pashto poets and writers. Pir Roshan created a Pashto alphabet, derived from the Arabic script with 13 new letters. A modified version of this alphabet continues to be used to write Pashto. Pir Roshan wrote '' Khayr al-Bayān'', one of the earliest known books containing Pashto prose. Pir Roshan assembled Pashtun tribesmen to fight against the Mughal emperor Akbar in response to Akbar's continuous military agitations. The Mughals referred to Pir Roshan as ''Pīr-e Tārīk'' (). Due to Pir Roshan's spiritual and religious hold over a large portion of Pashtuns, Akbar enlisted religious figures into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khayr Al-Bayān
''Khayr al-Bayān'' is a book written by Pir Roshan in 1651. ''Khair-ul-Bayan'' is believed to be the first book in Pashto language, beginning Pashto literature. It was written in Pashto, Persian, Arabic, and Urdu, and is considered the first book of Pashto prose. The book was thought to be lost until an original handwritten Persian manuscript was found in the University of Tübingen, Germany. Maulana Abdul Qadir of Pashto Academy - University of Peshawar The University of Peshawar (; ; ; abbreviated UoP; known more popularly as Peshawar University) is a public research university located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The university is one of the oldest universities in the provi ..., obtained and translated it and published a Pashto edition in 1987. References See also Anṣārī, Bāyazīd: Ḫair al-bayān , 1061 (1651) Digitalisierte Sammlungen der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin {{Pashto language 1651 works 1651 books Pashto-language literature Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramon Llull
Ramon Llull (; ; – 1316), sometimes anglicized as ''Raymond Lully'', was a philosopher, theologian, poet, missionary, Christian apologist and former knight from the Kingdom of Majorca. He invented a philosophical system known as the ''Art'', conceived as a type of universal logic to prove the truth of Christian doctrine to interlocutors of all faiths and nationalities. The ''Art'' consists of a set of general principles and combinatorial operations. It is illustrated with diagrams. A prolific writer, he is also known for his literary works written in Catalan, which he composed to make his ''Art'' accessible to a wider audience. In addition to Catalan and Latin, he also probably wrote in Arabic (although no texts in Arabic survive). His books were translated into Occitan, French, and Castilian during his lifetime. Although his work did not enjoy huge success during his lifetime, he has had a rich and continuing reception. In the early modern period his name became asso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The True Furqan
''The True Furqan'' () is a book written in Arabic that tries to imitate the Qur'an while incorporating elements of traditional Christian teaching. Reception According to Baptist News, Al-Mahdy, a member of the executive committee of "Project Omega 2001" released ''The True Furqan'' in April 1999 saying that Muslims "have not received the true message of the gospel". The book is attributed to authors who go by the pseudonyms of "Al Saffee" and "Al Mahdee", and was translated into English by Anis Shorrosh, who calls it "a tool to liberate Muslims", and who believes that Muhammad is "the antichrist". It contains 77 numbered chapters, plus a prologue and epilogue. According to Shorrosh, ''The True Furqan'' is an attempt to respond to the challenge in the Quran that none can create a work like it, and incorporates a Christian rather than Islamic message. "This book apparently reproduced the Quranic style so effectively that some who recited it aloud in public areas were thanked by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Children Of Gebelawi
''Children of Gebelawi'' () is a novel by the Egyptian writer and Nobel laureate Naguib Mahfouz. Its Egyptian dialectal transliteration is ''Awlad Haretna''. An alternative English title is ''Children of the Alley''. Controversy Originally published in Arabic in 1959 in serialised form in the daily newspaper ''Al-Ahram'', it was met with severe opposition from religious authorities, and was only released uncut in its entirety because of the intervention of president Gamal Abdel Nasser, who was a friend of ''Al-Ahram'''s editor, Mohammed Heikal. Publication in the form of a book was banned in Egypt. It was first printed in Lebanon in 1967. An English translation by Philip Stewart was published in 1981 and is no longer in print; the American University of Cairo had controlled the world rights since 1976 and had licensed Heinemann Educational Books to publish Stewart's version, but Heinemann sold back its rights a few weeks before the Nobel Prize. Three Continents Press still had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Bayán
The ''Arabic Bayán'' () is an unfinished book in Arabic written by the Báb around 1848. It functions as a significant scripture in Bábism, asserting that it is a product of divine revelation and inspiration. Etymology and meaning The word ''Bayán'' literally means declaration or elucidation. In the context of Bábism, this term is used to refer to the writings of the Bāb in general, but usually is applied to two specific works, including ''Arabic Bayán''. Its larger sister book is in Persian, called the ''Persian Bayán''. History Exact date of the book's composition has been subject to disagreements. However, internal evidence indicates that it was composed while the Báb was imprisoned in Maku, Iran, at the end of 1848. At that time, the Báb's restrictions were not severe, and he was permitted to write and communicate with his followers. However, he did not manage to make the ''Arabic Bayán'' complete and it remained unfinished with his execution in 1850. Following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
