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Quantum Foundations
Quantum foundations is a discipline of science that seeks to understand the most counter-intuitive aspects of quantum theory, reformulate it and even propose new generalizations thereof. Contrary to other physical theories, such as general relativity, the defining axioms of quantum theory are quite ad hoc, with no obvious physical intuition. While they lead to the right experimental predictions, they do not come with a mental picture of the world where they fit. There exist different approaches to resolve this conceptual gap: * First, one can put quantum physics in contraposition with classical physics: by identifying scenarios, such as Bell experiments, where quantum theory radically deviates from classical predictions, one hopes to gain physical insights on the structure of quantum physics. * Second, one can attempt to find a re-derivation of the quantum formalism in terms of operational axioms. * Third, one can search for a full correspondence between the mathematical element ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Discipline (academia)
An academic discipline or academic field is a subdivision of knowledge that is taught and researched at the college or university level. Disciplines are defined (in part) and recognized by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned societies and academic departments or faculties within colleges and universities to which their practitioners belong. Academic disciplines are conventionally divided into the humanities (including philosophy, language, art and cultural studies), the scientific disciplines (such as physics, chemistry, and biology); and the formal sciences like mathematics and computer science. The social sciences are sometimes considered a fourth category. It is also known as a ''field of study'', ''field of inquiry'', ''research field'' and ''branch of knowledge''. The different terms are used in different countries and fields. Individuals associated with academic disciplines are commonly referred to as ''experts'' or ''specialists''. Oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Foundations Of Physics
''Foundations of Physics'' is a monthly journal "devoted to the conceptual bases and fundamental theories of modern physics and cosmology, emphasizing the logical, methodological, and philosophical premises of modern physical theories and procedures". The journal publishes results and observations based on fundamental questions from all fields of physics, including: quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, special relativity, general relativity, string theory, M-theory, cosmology, thermodynamics, statistical physics, and quantum gravity ''Foundations of Physics'' has been published since 1970. Its founding editors were Henry Margenau and Wolfgang Yourgrau. The 1999 Nobel laureate Gerard 't Hooft was editor-in-chief from January 2007. At that stage, it absorbed the associated journal for shorter submissions ''Foundations of Physics Letters'', which had been edited by Alwyn Van der Merwe since its foundation in 1988. Past editorial board members (which include several Nobel lau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Samson Abramsky
Samson Abramsky (born 12 March 1953) is a British computer scientist who is a Professor of Computer Science at University College London. He was previously the Christopher Strachey Professor of Computing at Wolfson College, Oxford, from 2000 to 2021. Abramsky's early work included contributions to domain theory and the connections thereof with geometric logic. Since then, his work has covered the lazy lambda calculus, strictness analysis, concurrency theory, interaction categories and geometry of interaction, game semantics and quantum computing. Notably, he co-pioneered categorical quantum mechanics. More recently, he has been applying methods from categorical semantics to finite model theory, with applications to descriptive complexity. Education Abramsky was educated at Hasmonean Grammar School for Boys, Hendon and at King's College, Cambridge (BA 1975, MA Philosophy 1979, Diploma in Computer Science) and Queen Mary, University of London (PhD Computer Science 1988, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Quantum Tomography
Quantum tomography or quantum state tomography is the process by which a quantum state is reconstructed using measurements on an ensemble of identical quantum states. The source of these states may be any device or system which prepares quantum states either consistently into quantum pure states or otherwise into general mixed state (physics), mixed states. To be able to uniquely identify the state, the measurements must be tomographically complete. That is, the measured Operator (mathematics), operators must form an Operator (mathematics), operator basis (linear algebra), basis on the Hilbert space of the system, providing all the information about the state. Such a set of observations is sometimes called a quorum. The term ''tomography'' was first used in the quantum physics literature in a 1993 paper introducing experimental optical homodyne tomography. In quantum process tomography on the other hand, known quantum states are used to probe a quantum process to find out how th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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European Physical Journal D
The ''European Physical Journal D: Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics'' is an academic journal recognized by the European Physical Society, presenting new and original research results. Scope The main areas covered are: *Atomic Physics *Molecular Physics and Chemical Physics *Atomic and Molecular Collisions *Clusters and Nanostructures *Cold Matter and Quantum Gases *Plasma Physics *Nonlinear Dynamics *Optical Phenomena and Photonics *Quantum Optics *Quantum Information *Ultraintense and Ultrashort Laser Fields The range of topics covered in these areas is extensive, from Molecular Interaction and Reactivity to Spectroscopy and Thermodynamics of Clusters, from Atomic Optics to Bose-Einstein Condensation to Femtochemistry. History The EPJ D arose from various predecessors: ''Il Nuovo Cimento (Section D)'', ''Journal de Physique'', and ''Zeitschrift für Physik D''. Prior to 1998, this journal was named ''Zeitschrift für Physik D: Atoms, Molecules and Clusters''. Unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Spekkens Toy Model
The Spekkens toy model is a conceptually simple toy hidden-variable theory introduced by Robert Spekkens in 2004, to argue in favour of the epistemic view of quantum mechanics. The model is based on a foundational principle: "If one has maximal knowledge, then for every system, at every time, the amount of knowledge one possesses about the ontic state of the system at that time must equal the amount of knowledge one lacks." This is called the "knowledge balance principle". Within the bounds of this model, many phenomena typically associated with strictly quantum-mechanical effects are present. These include (but are not limited to) entanglement, noncommutativity of measurements, teleportation, interference, the no-cloning and no-broadcasting theorems, and unsharp measurements. The toy model cannot, however, reproduce quantum nonlocality and quantum contextuality, as it is a local and non-contextual hidden-variable theory. Background For nearly a century, physicists and philosoph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Phys
Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." It is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines. "Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano
Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano (born 11 May 1955) is an Italian quantum physicist. He is a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Pavia, where he is the leader of the QUIT (quantum information theory) group. He is a member of the Center of Photonic Communication and Computing at Northwestern University; a member of the Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere; and a member of the Foundational Questions Institute (FQXi). His primary areas of research are quantum information theory, the mathematical structure of quantum theory, and foundational problems of contemporary physics. As one of the pioneers of quantum information theory, he has made major contributions to the informational-theoretical derivation of quantum theory. Early life and career D'Ariano was born on 11 May 1955. He got Laurea cum laude in Physics in 1978 from Pavia University. In 1978, he started a research fellowship in Polymer Science at Politecnico di Milano and in 1979, a research fellowshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Časlav Brukner
Časlav Brukner (born July 9, 1967 in Novi Sad, Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian-Austrian quantum physicist and university professor. Biography Brukner studied physics at the University of Belgrade from 1987 to 1991, and subsequently completed a degree in physics at the University of Vienna in 1995. He then worked as a research assistant at the Institute for Experimental Physics at the University of Innsbruck. In 1999 he received his doctorate in quantum physics at the Vienna University of Technology under the supervision of Anton Zeilinger. In 2003, he completed his habilitation in the field of quantum physics at the University of Vienna, where he was an associate professor until 2014. He has had several research experiences abroad: in 2004 at Imperial College in London, and from 2005 to 2008 as professor at the Tsinghua University in Beijing. Since 2008 he has been guest professor at the University of Belgrade. Between July 2013 and June 2019 he has been Director of the Inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Lucien Hardy
Lucien Hardy (born 1966) is a British-Canadian theoretical physicist currently based at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada. Hardy is best known for his work on the foundation of quantum physics, including the Hardy's paradox thought experiment, and his influential work in quantum field theory, which seeks to reconcile quantum mechanics to general relativity. Education Hardy studied for his doctorate at Durham University (1989–1992) under the supervision of Euan J. Squires. Work In 1992, he became lecturer in mathematical physics at Maynooth College, part of The National University of Ireland. He was subsequently a Royal Society postdoctoral fellow at the University of Innsbruck (1993–1994), then returned to Durham as Lecturer (1994–1996), and was a postdoctoral fellow at La Sapienza University (1996–1997). Starting in 1997, he was a Royal Society University Research Fellow at the University of Oxford until 2002. Hardy is now affilia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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American Mathematical Society
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs. The society is one of the four parts of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics and a member of the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences. History The AMS was founded in 1888 as the New York Mathematical Society, the brainchild of Thomas Fiske, who was impressed by the London Mathematical Society on a visit to England. John Howard Van Amringe became the first president while Fiske became secretary. The society soon decided to publish a journal, but ran into some resistance over concerns about competing with the '' American Journal of Mathematics''. The result was the ''Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society'', with Fiske as editor-in-chief. The de facto journal, as intended, was influentia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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Studies In History And Philosophy Of Science Part B
Study or studies may refer to: General * Education **Higher education * Clinical trial * Experiment * Field of study * Observational study * Scientific study * Research * Study skills, abilities and approaches applied to learning Other * Study (art), a drawing or series of drawings done in preparation for a finished piece * ''Study'' (film), a 2012 film by Paolo Benetazzo * ''Study'' (Flandrin), an 1835/36 painting by Hippolyte Flandrin * Study (room), a room in a home used as an office or library * ''Study'' (soundtrack), a soundtrack album from the 2012 film * The Study, a private all-girls school in Westmount, Quebec, Canada * ''Studies'' (journal), published by the Jesuits in Ireland * Eduard Study (1862–1930), German mathematician * Facebook Study, a market research app See also * Étude An étude (; ) or study is an instrumental musical composition, designed to provide practice material for perfecting a particular musical skill. The tradition of writing é ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |