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Pulley V. Harris
''Pulley v. Harris'', 465 U.S. 37 (1984), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) to the United States Constitution protects against imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments. This amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the ... does not require, as an invariable rule in every case, that a state appellate court, before it affirms a death sentence, proportionally compare the sentence in the case before it with the penalties imposed in similar cases if requested to do so by the prisoner. The prisoner in the case, Robert Alton Harris, was ultimately executed in April 1992, after the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the Ninth Circuit several more times in the matter, including after Harris had been strapped into the gas chamber. See also * List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 465 Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eighth Amendment To The United States Constitution
The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) to the United States Constitution protects against imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments. This amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the United States Bill of Rights. The amendment serves as a limitation upon the state or federal government to impose unduly harsh penalties on criminal defendants before and after a conviction. This limitation applies equally to the price for obtaining pretrial release and the punishment for crime after conviction. The phrases in this amendment originated in the English Bill of Rights of 1689. The prohibition against cruel and unusual punishments has led courts to hold that the Constitution totally prohibits certain kinds of punishment, such as drawing and quartering. Under the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause, the Supreme Court has struck down the application of capital punishment in some instances, but capital punishment is still perm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of The United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all Federal tribunals in the United States, U.S. federal court cases, and over State court (United States), state court cases that turn on questions of Constitution of the United States, U.S. constitutional or Law of the United States, federal law. It also has Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States, original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." In 1803, the Court asserted itself the power of Judicial review in the United States, judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution via the landmark case ''Marbury v. Madison''. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportionality (law)
Proportionality is a general principle in law which covers several separate (although related) concepts: *The concept of proportionality is used as a criterion of fairness and justice in statutory interpretation processes, especially in constitutional law, as a logical method intended to assist in discerning the correct balance between the restriction imposed by a corrective measure and the severity of the nature of the prohibited act. *Within criminal law, the concept is used to convey the idea that the punishment of an offender should fit the crime. *Under international humanitarian law governing the legal use of force in an armed conflict, ''proportionality'' and '' distinction'' are important factors in assessing military necessity. *Under the United Kingdom's Civil Procedure Rules, costs must be "proportionately and reasonably incurred", or "proportionate and reasonable in amount", if they are to form part of a court ruling on costs. Proportionality as a general princ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Criminal Law And Criminology
The ''Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology'' ("JCLC") is a peer-reviewed, student-run academic journal published by the Northwestern University School of Law. Student editors select and edit articles submitted by professors, scholars, judges, practitioners, and students. The ''Journal'' publishes four issues per year, and hosts an annual Symposium focused on a select topic of criminal law. History The journal was established in 1910 as the ''Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology'' by Dean John Henry Wigmore. From 1931 to 1951 it was named ''Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology'' and from 1951 to 1972 ''The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science''. It received its current name in 1973. The ''Journal'' was an outgrowth of the "National Conference on Criminal Law and Criminology," hosted at Northwestern University School of Law in 1909 in celebration of the law school's fiftieth anniversary. Consistent with the progressive agenda i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Alton Harris
Robert Alton Harris (January 15, 1953 – April 21, 1992) was an American car thief, burglar, kidnapper, and serial killer who was executed at San Quentin State Prison in 1992 for the 1978 murders of two teenage boys in San Diego. His execution was the first in the state of California since 1967. Harris was born in Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and was abused as a child. He had run-ins with police as early as age 10, and was first placed into juvenile detention at age 13 for stealing a car. His mother abandoned him at age 14 and he was soon after placed into juvenile detention after stealing another car. Following his release he found work, married, and had a son. In 1975, he was imprisoned for manslaughter and paroled in January 1978. On July 5, 1978, Harris and his younger brother commandeered a car occupied by two 16-year-old boys, John Mayeski and Michael Baker, ordered them to drive to a remote area, then killed them. The brothers then used the car as their getaway car when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of United States Supreme Court Cases, Volume 465
This is a list of all United States Supreme Court cases from volume 465 of the ''United States Reports The ''United States Reports'' () are the official record (law reports) of the Supreme Court of the United States. They include rulings, orders, case tables (list of every case decided), in alphabetical order both by the name of the petitioner ( ...'': External links {{SCOTUSCases, 465 1984 in United States case law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Supreme Court Cases
This page serves as an index of lists of United States Supreme Court cases. The United States Supreme Court is the highest federal court of the United States. By chief justice Court historians and other legal scholars consider each chief justice who presides over the Supreme Court of the United States to be the head of an era of the Court. These lists are sorted chronologically by chief justice and include most major cases decided by the court. * Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth Courts (October 19, 1789 – December 15, 1800) * Marshall Court (February 4, 1801 – July 6, 1835) * Taney Court (March 28, 1836 – October 12, 1864) * Chase Court (December 15, 1864 – May 7, 1873) * Waite Court (March 4, 1874 – March 23, 1888) * Fuller Court (October 8, 1888 – July 4, 1910) * White Court (December 19, 1910 – May 19, 1921) * Taft Court (July 11, 1921 – February 3, 1930) * Hughes Court (February 24, 1930 – June 30, 1941) * St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Supreme Court Cases Of The Burger Court
United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two film * ''The United'' (film), an unreleased Arabic-language film Literature * ''United!'' (novel), a 1973 children's novel by Michael Hardcastle Music * United (band), Japanese thrash metal band formed in 1981 Albums * ''United'' (Commodores album), 1986 * ''United'' (Dream Evil album), 2006 * ''United'' (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), 1967 * ''United'' (Marian Gold album), 1996 * ''United'' (Phoenix album), 2000 * ''United'' (Woody Shaw album), 1981 Songs * "United" (Judas Priest song), 1980 * "United" (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark song), 1994 * "United" (Robbie Williams song), 2000 * "United", a song by Danish duo Nik & Jay featuring Lisa Rowe * "United (Who We Are)", a song by XO-IQ, featured in the television se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cruel And Unusual Punishment Clause And Death Penalty Case Law
Cruelty is the intentional infliction of suffering or the inaction towards another's suffering when a clear remedy is readily available. Sadism can also be related to this form of action or concept. Cruel ways of inflicting suffering may involve violence, but affirmative violence is not necessary for an act to be cruel. Etymology The term comes from Middle English, via the Old French term "crualte", which is based on Latin "crudelitas", from "crudelis". The word has metaphorical uses, for example, " The cliffs remained cruel." (i.e., unclimbable when they desperately needed to be climbed) in ''The Lord of the Rings''. Usage in law The term ''cruelty'' is often used in law and criminology with regard to the treatment of animals, children, spouses, and prisoners. When cruelty to animals is discussed, it often refers to ''unnecessary suffering.'' In criminal law, it refers to punishment, torture, victimization, draconian measures, and cruel and unusual punishment. In divorce ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capital Punishment In California
Capital punishment is not allowed to be carried out in the U.S. state of California due to a standing 2006 federal court order against the practice and a 2019 moratorium on executions ordered by Governor Gavin Newsom. The litigation resulting in the court order has been on hold since the promulgation of the moratorium. Should the moratorium end and the freeze conclude, executions could resume under the current state law. The state carried out 709 executions from 1778 until 1972 when the California Supreme Court struck down California's capital punishment statute in the case '' People v. Anderson''. California voters reinstated the death penalty a few months later, with Proposition 17 legalizing the death penalty in the state constitution and ending the ''Anderson'' ruling. However, in the interim, the U.S. Supreme Court in '' Furman v. Georgia'' imposed a nationwide moratorium on capital punishment. ''Furman'', along with continued challenges at the state level, delayed imple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
