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Pterocles Bosporanus
''Pterocles bosporanus'' is an extinct species of sandgrouse, described in 2023 from early Pleistocene-aged fossil material found in central Crimea. Potential additional remains are known from Italy. The only confirmed specimen is part of a limb bone, and the species is larger than other members of the genus ''Pterocles''. Discovery and naming The holotype, PIN, no. 5644/1523, represents the distal end of the left tibiotarsus and has been placed in the Borissiak Paleontological institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. The specimen is currently the only known material of this species, and was collected in 2018 from early Pleistocene-aged Taurida Cave in Belogorsky District, Crimea. The species was officially named in 2023, and the specific name references the Bosporan Kingdom. Fossilized coracoids found in the late Pleistocene locality of Pirro-Nord, Italy represent a bird comparable in size to ''P. bosporanus'', and have been attributed to the black-bellied sandgrouse. These may a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Pleistocene
The Early Pleistocene is an unofficial sub-epoch in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, being the earliest division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently estimated to span the time between 2.580 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago) and 0.773 ± 0.005 Ma. The term Early Pleistocene applies to both the Gelasian Age (to 1.800 ± 0.005 Ma) and the Calabrian Age. While the Gelasian and the Calabrian have officially been defined by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) to effectively constitute the Early Pleistocene, the succeeding Chibanian and Tarantian ages have yet to be ratified. These proposed ages are unofficially termed the Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene respectively. The Chibanian provisionally spans time from 773 ka to 126 ka, and the Tarantian from then until the definitive end of the whole Pleistocene, c. 9700 BC in the 10th millennium BC The 10th millennium BC spanned the ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lateral Condyle Of Tibia
The lateral condyle is the lateral portion of the upper extremity of tibia. It serves as the insertion for the biceps femoris muscle (small slip). Most of the tendon of the biceps femoris inserts on the fibula The fibula or calf bone is a human leg, leg bone on the Lateral (anatomy), lateral side of the tibia, to which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long .... See also * Gerdy's tubercle * Medial condyle of tibia Additional images File:Gray258.png, Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface. File:Slide2bib.JPG, Right knee in extension. Deep dissection. Posterior view. File:Slide2cocc.JPG, Right knee in extension. Deep dissection. Posterior view. References External links * * * () Bones of the lower limb Tibia {{musculoskeletal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homotherium
''Homotherium'', also known as the scimitar-toothed cat or scimitar cat, is an extinct genus of machairodontine saber-toothed predator, often termed scimitar-toothed cats, that inhabited North America, South America, Eurasia, and Africa during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs (4 mya – 12,000 years ago), existing for approximately . It became extinct in Africa some 1.5 million years ago. The most recent Eurasian remains, recovered from what is now the North Sea, have been dated to around 28,000 years BP. In South America it is only known from a few remains in the northern region (Venezuela), from the mid-Pleistocene. Taxonomy and distribution The name ''Homotherium'' (Greek: (, 'same') and (, 'beast')) was proposed by Emilio Fabrini (1890), without further explanation, for a new subgenus of ''Machairodus'', whose main distinguishing feature was the presence of a large diastema between the two inferior premolars. The lineage of ''Homotherium'' is estimated (based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equus (genus)
''Equus'' , is a genus of mammals in the family Equidae, which includes horses, donkeys, and zebras. Within the Equidae, ''Equus'' is the only recognized extant genus, comprising seven living species. Like Equidae more broadly, ''Equus'' has numerous extinct species known only from fossils. The genus most likely originated in North America and spread quickly to the Old World. Equines are odd-toed ungulates with slender legs, long heads, relatively long necks, manes (erect in most subspecies), and long tails. All species are herbivorous, and mostly grazers, with simpler digestive systems than ruminants but able to subsist on lower-quality vegetation. While the domestic horse and donkey (along with their feral descendants) exist worldwide, wild equine populations are limited to Africa and Asia. Wild equine social systems are in two forms; a harem system with tight-knit groups consisting of one adult male or stallion, several females or mares, and their young or foals; and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Mammoth
''Mammuthus meridionalis'', or the southern mammoth, is an extinct species of mammoth native to Europe and Central Asia from the Gelasian stage of the Early Pleistocene, living from 2.5–0.8 mya. Taxonomy The taxonomy of extinct elephants was complicated by the early 20th century, and in 1942, Henry Fairfield Osborn's posthumous monograph on the Proboscidea was published, wherein he used various taxon names that had previously been proposed for mammoth species, including replacing ''Mammuthus'' with ''Mammonteus'', as he believed the former name to be invalidly published. Mammoth taxonomy was simplified by various researchers from the 1970s onwards, all species were retained in the genus ''Mammuthus'', and many proposed differences between species were instead interpreted as intraspecific variation. The name ''Archidiskodon meridionalis'' is retained by some Russian researchers. Evolution The earliest known members of Proboscidea, the clade which contains modern el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paracamelus
''Paracamelus'' is an extinct genus of camel in the family Camelidae. It originated in North America during the Middle Miocene but crossed the Beringian land bridge into Eurasia during the Late Miocene, approximately 7.5–6.5 million years ago ( Ma). It is ancestral to living camels of the genus ''Camelus''. A population remained in northern North America, which became the high Arctic camel, which survived until the Middle Pleistocene approximately 1 Ma. Taxonomy ''Paracamelus'' was named by Schlosser (1903). Its type is ''Paracamelus gigas''. It was assigned to Camelidae by Carroll (1988). Fossil distribution The earliest fossil of ''Paracamelus'' is from the Middle Miocene Esmeralda Formation in Nye County Nevada and is between 10 and 12.5 million years old.During the late Miocene the genus spread to Eurasia across the Bering land bridge, arriving in Spain and Italy just prior to the Messinian Salinity Crisis at approximately 6 Ma, before spreading to Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephanorhinus
''Stephanorhinus'' is an extinct genus of two-horned rhinoceros native to Eurasia and North Africa that lived during the Pliocene to Late Pleistocene. Species of ''Stephanorhinus'' were the predominant and often only species of rhinoceros in much of temperate Eurasia, especially Europe, for most of the Pleistocene. Two species of ''Stephanorhinus'' – Merck's rhinoceros (''S. kirchbergensis'') and the narrow-nosed rhinoceros (''S. hemitoechus'') – persisted into the last glacial period. Etymology The first part of the name, ''Stephano-'', honours Stephen I, the first king of Hungary. (The genus name was coined by Kretzoi, a Hungarian.) The second part is from (Greek for "nose"), a typical suffix of rhinoceros genus names. Taxonomy The taxonomic history of ''Stephanorhinus'' is long and convoluted, as many species are known by numerous synonyms and different genera – typically ''Rhinoceros'' and '' Dicerorhinus'' – for the 19th and most of the early 20th century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elasmotherium
''Elasmotherium'' is an extinct genus of large rhinoceros endemic to Eurasia during Late Miocene through the Pleistocene, existing at least as late as 39,000 years ago in the Late Pleistocene. A more recent date of 26,000 BP is considered less reliable. It was the last surviving member of Elasmotheriinae, a distinctive group of rhinoceroses separate from the group that contains living rhinoceros (Rhinocerotinae). The two groups are estimated to have split at least 35 million years ago according to fossils and molecular evidence. Five species are recognised. The genus first appeared in the Late Miocene in China, likely having evolved from '' Sinotherium'', before spreading to the Pontic–Caspian steppe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. The best known, ''E. sibiricum'', sometimes called the Siberian unicorn, was the size of a mammoth and is thought to have borne a large, thick horn on its forehead (though see below). Like all rhinoceroses, elasmotheres were herbivorous. Unl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazellospira
''Gazellospira'' is an extinct genus of antelope that lived during the Miocene to Pleistocene in Europe and Asia. Distribution ''G. torticornis'' fossils are known from France, Italy, Crimea, Romania, Greece, and Turkey. ''G. tsaparangensis'' is known from the Pliocene of the Zanda Basin in Tibet. Palaeoecology ''G. torticornis'' teeth A tooth ( : teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food. Some animals, particularly carnivores and omnivores, also use teeth to help with capturing or wounding prey, te ... from the Piacenzian site of Sésklo in Greece indicate that it was a mixed feeder that periodically grazed. References Pleistocene Artiodactyla Fossil taxa described in 1939 {{paleo-eventoedungulate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptobos
''Leptobos'' is an extinct genus of large bovine, known from the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene of Eurasia, extending from the Iberian Peninsula to northern China. Species of ''Leptobos'' reached a weight up to 320 kg. ''Leptobos'' is considered to be closely related to the insular genus '' Epileptobos'' from the Pleistocene of Java'''', and is considered to be ancestral to ''Bison''. The dietary preference across the genus includes species that were browsers, grazers and mixed feeders (both browsing and grazing). The first appearance of ''Leptobos'' in Europe around 3.6-3.5 million years ago is considered to define the beginning of the Villafranchian Villafranchian age ( ) is a period of geologic time (3.5–1.0 Ma) spanning the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages. Named by Italian geologist Lorenzo Pareto for a sequence of terrestria ... European faunal stage. ''Leptobos'' became extinct after being replaced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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