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Pseudocolus Rothae
''Pseudocolus'' is a genus of fungi in the stinkhorn family. The sporocarp (fungi), fruit bodies have three or four simple arms that are initially joined at the tip, but often break apart. The tips of the arms are covered with a slimy, foul-smelling gleba, which attracts insects that help disperse the spores. The genus contains three species: the type species, type ''Pseudocolus fusiformis'', ''Pseudocolus garciae, P. garciae'', similar in appearance to the type but with a pinkish to red, rather than orange color, and ''Pseudocolus grandis, P. grandis'', found in India. Taxonomy The first appearance of the type species, ''Pseudocolus fusiformis'', in the literature was in 1890, under the name ''Colus fusiformis'', when Eduard Fischer (mycologist), Eduard Fischer wrote a species description, description based on a painting he found in the Paris Museum of Natural History. In his 1944 monograph on the Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand, Gordon Herriot Cunningham consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Fischer (mycologist)
Eduard Fischer (16 June 1861 – 18 November 1939) was a Swiss botanist and mycologist. Life Fischer was the son of botanist Ludwig Fischer, a professor and director of the state botanic garden. Fischer studied at the University of Bern and graduated in 1883 with mushroom researcher Heinrich Anton de Bary in Strasbourg, with whom he studied Gasteromycetes. During further studies in Berlin during 1884–1885, he worked with Simon Schwendener (1829–1919), August Wilhelm Eichler (1839–1887) and Paul Friedrich August Ascherson (1834–1913). In 1885 Fischer was appointed as a lecturer at the University of Bern; 1893, he was promoted to associate professor. From 1897 to 1933 he was professor of botany and general biology at the university, and succeeded his father as director of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Institute in Bern. In 1899, Fischer married Johanna Gruner, who came from a scholarly family. He died in Bern on 18 November 1939, aged 78. He was the father of the piani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudocolus Jaczewskii
''Pseudocolus'' is a genus of fungi in the stinkhorn family. The fruit bodies have three or four simple arms that are initially joined at the tip, but often break apart. The tips of the arms are covered with a slimy, foul-smelling gleba, which attracts insects that help disperse the spores. The genus contains three species: the type '' Pseudocolus fusiformis'', '' P. garciae'', similar in appearance to the type but with a pinkish to red, rather than orange color, and '' P. grandis'', found in India. Taxonomy The first appearance of the type species, '' Pseudocolus fusiformis'', in the literature was in 1890, under the name ''Colus fusiformis'', when Eduard Fischer wrote a description based on a painting he found in the Paris Museum of Natural History. In his 1944 monograph on the Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand, Gordon Herriot Cunningham considered this naming to be a ''nomen nudum''—not published with an adequate description. However, it was valid under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clathrus Archeri
''Clathrus archeri'' (synonyms ''Lysurus archeri'', ''Anthurus archeri'', ''Pseudocolus archeri''), commonly known as octopus stinkhorn or devil's fingers, is a fungus which has a global distribution. This species was first described in 1980 in a collection from Tasmania. The young fungus erupts from a suberumpent egg by forming into four to seven elongated slender arms initially erect and attached at the top. The arms then unfold to reveal a pinkish-red interior covered with a dark-olive spore-containing gleba. In maturity it smells like putrid flesh. Description ''Clathrus archeri'' grows in 2 distinct stages, first an egg stage followed by the fungal "arms" emerging. During the egg stage, ''C. archeri'' forms a white ball-like egg shape, usually in diameter. Next, the thallus emerges from the egg in a starfish-like shape with 4-6 arms on average (up to 8). Each arm can grow up to in length and is coated in gleba on the upper surface. Fruiting bodies produce a red-orange co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miles Joseph Berkeley
Miles Joseph Berkeley (1 April 1803 – 30 July 1889) was an English cryptogamist and clergyman, and one of the founders of the science of plant pathology. Life Berkeley was born at Biggin Hall, Benefield, Northamptonshire, and educated at Rugby School and Christ's College, Cambridge. Taking holy orders, he became incumbent of Apethorpe in 1837, and vicar of Sibbertoft, near Market Harborough, in 1868. He acquired an enthusiastic love of cryptogamic botany (lichens) in his early years, and soon was recognized as the leading British authority on fungi and plant pathology. Christ's College made him an honorary fellow in 1883. He was well known as a systematist in mycology with some 6000 species of fungi being credited to him, but his ''Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany'', published in 1857, and his papers on Vegetable Pathology in the ''Gardener's Chronicle'' in 1854 and onwards, show that he had a broad grasp of the whole domain of physiology and morphology as understood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudocolus Archeri
''Pseudocolus'' is a genus of fungi in the stinkhorn family. The fruit bodies have three or four simple arms that are initially joined at the tip, but often break apart. The tips of the arms are covered with a slimy, foul-smelling gleba, which attracts insects that help disperse the spores. The genus contains three species: the type '' Pseudocolus fusiformis'', '' P. garciae'', similar in appearance to the type but with a pinkish to red, rather than orange color, and '' P. grandis'', found in India. Taxonomy The first appearance of the type species, '' Pseudocolus fusiformis'', in the literature was in 1890, under the name ''Colus fusiformis'', when Eduard Fischer wrote a description based on a painting he found in the Paris Museum of Natural History. In his 1944 monograph on the Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand, Gordon Herriot Cunningham considered this naming to be a ''nomen nudum''—not published with an adequate description. However, it was valid under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principle Of Priority
Priority is a principle in Taxonomy (biology), biological taxonomy by which a valid scientific name is established based on the oldest available name. It is a decisive rule in Botanical nomenclature, botanical and zoological nomenclature to recognise the first Binomial nomenclature, binomial name (also called ''binominal name'' in zoology) given to an organism as the correct and acceptable name. The purpose is to select one scientific name as a stable one out of two or more alternate names that often exist for a single species. The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) defines it as: "A right to precedence established by the date of valid publication of a legitimate name or of an earlier homonym, or by the date of designation of a type." Basically, it is a scientific procedure to eliminate duplicate or multiple names for a species, for which Lucien Marcus Underwood called it "the principle of outlaw in nomenclature". History The principle of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ICBN
The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN or ICNafp) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants".. It was formerly called the ''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'' (ICBN); the name was changed at the International Botanical Congress in Melbourne in July 2011 as part of the ''Melbourne Code''. which replaced the ''Vienna Code'' of 2005. The current version of the code is the ''Shenzhen Code'' adopted by the International Botanical Congress held in Shenzhen, China, in July 2017. As with previous codes, it took effect as soon as it was ratified by the congress (on 29 July 2017), but the documentation of the code in its final form was not published until 26 June 2018. For fungi the ''Code'' was revised by the ''San Juan Chapter F'' in 2018. The 2025 edition of ICBN, the ''Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valid Name (botany)
In botanical nomenclature, a validly published name is a name that meets the requirements in the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (''ICN'') for valid publication. Valid publication of a name represents the minimum requirements for a botanical name to exist: terms that appear to be names but have not been validly published are referred to in the ''ICN'' as "designations". A validly published name may not satisfy all the requirements to be '' legitimate''. It is also not necessarily the correct name for a particular taxon and rank. Names that are not valid by ICN standards (''nomen invalidum'', ''nom. inval.'') are sometimes in use. This may occur when a taxonomist finds and recognises a taxon and thinks of a name, but delays publishing it in an adequate manner. A common reason to delay valid publication is that a taxonomist intends to write a '' magnum opus'' that provides an overview of the group, rather than a series of small papers. Another r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nomen Nudum
In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, a ''nomen nudum'' ('naked name'; plural ''nomina nuda'') is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate description. This makes it a "bare" or "naked" name, which cannot be accepted as it stands. A largely equivalent but much less frequently used term is ''nomen tantum'' ("name only"). Sometimes, "''nomina nuda''" is erroneously considered a synonym for the term "unavailable names". However, not all unavailable names are ''nomina nuda'' which applies to published names, ''i.e.'' any published name that does not fulfill the requirements of Article 12 (if published before 1931) or Article 13 (if published after 1930). In zoology According to the rules of zoological nomenclature a ''nomen nudum'' is unavailable name, unavailable; the glossary of the ''International Code of Zoological Nomenclature'' gives this definition: And ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gordon Herriot Cunningham
Gordon Herriot Cunningham (27 August 1892 – 18 July 1962) was the first New Zealand-based mycologist and plant pathologist. In 1936 he was appointed the inaugural director of the DSIR Plant Diseases Division. Cunningham established the New Zealand Fungal Herbarium, and he published extensively on taxonomy of many fungal groups. He is regarded as the 'Father' of New Zealand mycology. Biography In his life, he was a boxer, motorcyclist, gold prospector, farmer, horticulturist, forestry worker, and Gallipoli veteran. Following this colourful early life, 'G.H. Cunn.' joined the Biological Laboratory staff at the Department of Agriculture in 1919 as a mycologist, and began a systematic survey of plant diseases in New Zealand. He also began his work classifying fungi. In 1925, he published the first New Zealand work on plant diseases, ''Fungus Diseases of Fruit Trees in New Zealand''. When the Biological Laboratory was moved from Wellington to Palmerston North in 1928 to become ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasteromycetes
The gasteroid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota. Species were formerly placed in the obsolete class Gasteromycetes Fr. (literally "stomach fungi"), or the equally obsolete order Gasteromycetales Rea, because they produce spores inside their basidiocarps (fruit bodies) rather than on an outer surface. However, the class is polyphyletic, as such species—which include puffballs, earthballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's nest fungi, and false truffles—are not closely related to each other. Because they are often studied as a group, it has been convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "gasteroid fungi". History Several gasteroid fungi—such as the stinkhorn, ''Phallus impudicus'' L.—were formally described by Carl Linnaeus in his original ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753, but the first critical treatment of the group was by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in his ''Synopsis methodica fungorum'' of 1801. Until 1981, this book was the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
