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Prohibition In Russian Empire And Soviet Union
Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union existed during 1914–1925. The Russian term is (, ). Russian Empire The Tsars monopolized the sale of vodka in the 16th century. By the mid-17th century, one-third of the population's working men were indebted to the government's taverns, which generated substantial revenue. Peter the Great, Peter I used this debt to compel military service. Prohibition was introduced under the rule of Tsar Nicholas II in 1914, at the outset of World War I. It banned the sale of hard liquor, hard liquors, such as vodka, except in privileged establishments. This curtailment cost the government an estimated billion rubles annually. However, authorities believed the move was needed to improve wartime economic productivity, social orderliness, and military recruitment. Michael Demitrovitch Tchelisheff, credited with leading the prohibition, opposed alcohol because he personally believed that drunkenness benefited autocratic rulers. He was als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and the Premier of the Soviet Union, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (premier) from 1958 to 1964. During his tenure, he stunned the communist world with his denunciation of his predecessor Joseph Stalin and embarked on a campaign of de-Stalinization with his key ally Anastas Mikoyan. Khrushchev sponsored the early Soviet space program and presided over various domestic reforms. After some false starts, and a Cuban Missile Crisis, narrowly avoided nuclear war over Cuba, he conducted successful negotiations with the United States to reduce Cold War tensions. In 1964, the Kremlin circle Nikita Khrushchev#Removal, stripped him of power, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as the First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as the Premier. Khrushchev was born in a village in western Russia. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Alcohol Law By Country
Alcohol may refer to: Common uses * Alcohol (chemistry), a class of compounds * Ethanol, one of several alcohols, commonly known as alcohol in everyday life ** Alcohol (drug), intoxicant found in alcoholic beverages ** Alcoholic beverage, an alcoholic drink * Rubbing alcohol, for sanitation and to kill germs Music * "Alcohol", a song by Barenaked Ladies from the 1998 album ''Stunt (album), Stunt'' * "Alcohol", a song by Beck from the 1993 single "Loser (Beck song), Loser" * Alcohol (Brad Paisley song), "Alcohol" (Brad Paisley song), 2005 * "Alcohol", a song by Butthole Surfers from the 1993 album ''Independent Worm Saloon'' * "Alcohol", a song by CSS from the 2005 album ''Cansei de Ser Sexy'' * "Alcohol", a song by Gang Green from the 1986 album ''Another Wasted Night'' * "Alcohol", a song by Gogol Bordello from the 2007 album ''Super Taranta!'' * "Alcohol", a song by the Kinks from the 1977 album ''Muswell Hillbillies'' and ''Everybody's in Show-Biz'' * "Alcohol", a song by Milli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Alcohol In Russia
Alcohol has been a major health concern in Russia, especially for men of working age. Excessive alcohol use has caused many early deaths. Alcoholism in Russia, according to some authors, has reached the level of a national disaster''Заграев Г. Г.'' Алкоголизм и пьянство в России. Пути выхода из кризисной ситуации //Социологические исследования, № 8, Август 2009, C. 74-84Пьянств ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Prohibition By Country
Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The word is also used to refer to a period of time during which such bans are enforced. History Some kind of limitation on the trade in alcohol can be seen in the Code of Hammurabi () specifically banning the selling of beer for money. It could only be bartered for barley: "If a beer seller do not receive barley as the price for beer, but if she receive money or make the beer a measure smaller than the barley measure received, they shall throw her into the water." A Greek city-state of Eleutherna passed a law against drunkenness in the 6th century BCE, although exceptions were made for religious rituals. In the early twentieth century, much of the impetus for the prohibition movement in the Nordic countries and North America ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Drug Policy Of The Soviet Union
The drug policy of the Soviet Union changed little throughout the existence of the state, other than slowly becoming more repressive, although some differences in penalties existed in the different Union Republics. However, the prevalence of drug addiction remained reportedly low as first claimed by Soviet authorities which later (under Mikhail Gorbachev) acknowledged a much larger problem; at least to drugs other than alcohol or tobacco; however, the rates of addiction increased in post-Soviet states. Regulation Legislation against drugs first appeared in post-revolutionary Russia, in Article 104-d of the 1922 penal code of the RSFSR, criminalising drug production, trafficking, and possession with intent to traffic. The 1924 Soviet Constitution expanded this legislation to cover the whole Soviet Union. The 1926 penal code of the RSFSR suggested imprisonment or corrective labour for between one and three years as punishment for these offences, depending on the scale of the offence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Alcohol Consumption In Russia
Alcohol has been a major health concern in Russia, especially for men of working age. Excessive alcohol use has caused many early deaths. Alcoholism in Russia, according to some authors, has reached the level of a national disaster''Заграев Г. Г.'' Алкоголизм и пьянство в России. Пути выхода из кризисной ситуации //Социологические исследования, № 8, Август 2009, C. 74-84Пьянств ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kommersant
(, , ''The Businessman'' or Commerce Man, often shortened to Ъ) is a nationally distributed daily newspaper published in Russia mostly devoted to politics and business. The TNS Media and NRS Russia certified July 2013 circulation of the daily was 120,000–130,000. It is widely considered to be one of Russia's three main business dailies (together with '' Vedomosti'' and '' RBK Daily''). History The original ''Kommersant'' newspaper was established in Moscow in 1909, but was shut down by the Bolsheviks following the October Revolution in 1917. In 1989, with the onset of press freedom in Russia, was relaunched under the ownership of businessman and publicist Vladimir Yakovlev. The first issue was released in January 1990. It was modeled after Western business journalism. The newspaper's title is spelled in Russian with a terminal hard sign (ъ) – a letter that is silent at the end of a word in modern Russian, and was thus largely abolished by the post-revolution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Valentin Pavlov
Valentin Sergeyevich Pavlov (; 26 September 1937 – 30 March 2003) was a Soviet official who became a Russian banker following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Born in the city of Moscow, then part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Pavlov began his political career in the Ministry of Finance in 1959. Later, during the Brezhnev Era, he became head of the Financial Department of the State Planning Committee. Pavlov was appointed to the post of Chairman of the State Committee on Prices during the Gorbachev Era, and later became Minister of Finance in Nikolai Ryzhkov's second government. He went on to succeed Ryzhkov as head of government in the newly established post of Prime Minister of the Soviet Union. As Prime Minister Pavlov initiated the 1991 Soviet monetary reform, commonly referred to as the Pavlov reform, in early 1991. Early on he told the media that the reform was initiated to halt the flow of Soviet rubles transported to the Soviet Unio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Excise Taxes
file:Lincoln Beer Stamp 1871.JPG, upright=1.2, 1871 U.S. Revenue stamp for 1/6 barrel of beer. Brewers would receive the stamp sheets, cut them into individual stamps, cancel them, and paste them over the Bunghole, bung of the beer barrel so when the barrel was tapped it would destroy the stamp. An excise, or excise tax, is any duty (economics), duty on manufactured goods (economics), goods that is normally levied at the moment of manufacture for internal consumption rather than at sale. It is therefore a fee that must be paid in order to consume certain products. Excises are often associated with customs duties, which are levied on pre-existing goods when they cross a designated border in a specific direction; customs are levied on goods that become taxable items at the ''border'', while excise is levied on goods that came into existence ''inland''. An excise is considered an indirect tax, meaning that the producer or seller who pays the levy to the government is expected to try ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ersatz Good
An ersatz good () is a substitute good, especially one that is considered inferior to the good it replaces. It has particular connotations of wartime usage. Etymology ''Ersatz'' is a German word meaning ''substitute'' or ''replacement''. Although it is used as an adjective in English, it is a noun in German. In German orthography noun phrases formed are usually represented as a single word, forming compound nouns such as ''Ersatzteile'' ("spare parts") or ''Ersatzspieler'' ("substitute player"). While ''ersatz'' in English generally means that the substitution is of unsatisfactory or inferior quality compared with the "real thing", in German, there is no such implication: e.g., ''Ersatzteile'' 'spare parts' is a technical expression without any implication about quality, ''Kaffeeersatz'' ' coffee substitute' is a drink from something other than coffee beans, and ''Ersatzzug'' 'replacement train' performs a comparable service. The term for inferior substitute in German would be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Massandra Winery
The Massandra Winery is a winery in Crimea. History The winery was founded by Knyaz Lev Golitsyn in 1894 under the aegis of Czar Nicholas II. In 1922, in the wake of the Russian Revolution, the winery was nationalized, and it was protected by a law passed in 1936 that offered state protection to its cellars. The guestbook of the winery was stolen by Nazi occupiers during the Second World War. The winery was exempted from the uprooting of Russian vineyards that occurred in the wake of anti-alcohol laws passed by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s. In the present day, the vast majority of the winery's output is exported to Russia. The ownership of the winery reverted to Russia from the Ukrainian government with the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014. The enoteca of the winery contains about one million bottles of wine. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
