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Professional Mourning
Professional mourning or paid mourning is a type of public performance in which actors pretend to grieve for the recently deceased, with the goal of being indistinguishable from real mourners. As an occupation it originates from Egyptian, Chinese, Mediterranean and Near Eastern cultures. Professional mourners, also called wailers, moirologists, or mutes, are compensated to lament or deliver a eulogy and help comfort and entertain the grieving family, or to improve the public spectacle of the funeral. Mentioned in the Bible and other religious texts, the occupation is widely invoked and explored in literature, from the Ugaritic epics of early centuries BC to modern poetry. History Most of the people hired to perform the act of professional mourning were women. Men were deemed unfit due to expectations of being less emotional. Mourning was sometimes one of only a few paid occupations available to women. Mourners were also seen as a sign of wealth and social status; The more wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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A mourner is someone who is attending a funeral or who is otherwise recognized as in a period of grief and mourning prescribed either by religious law or by popular custom. Many cultures expect mourners to curtail certain activities, usually those considered frivolous or that are accompanied by expressions of joy. History Historically, some cultures have employed professional mourners to make a public showing of grief to honor the deceased (particularly those in the Near East The Near East () is a transcontinental region around the Eastern Mediterranean encompassing the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The term was invented in the 20th ...).Footnote 1 in Sabar, Y. (1976). "Lel-Huza: Story and History in a Cycle of Lamentations for the Ninth of Ab in the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Zakho, Iraqi Kurdistan." ''Journal of Semitic Studies'' (21) 138-162. Business Traced back to the year 1877, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suona
The ''suona,'' also called ''dida,'' laba or ''haidi'', is a traditional double-reeded Chinese musical instrument. The ''suona's'' basic design originated in ancient Iran, then called " Sorna". It appeared in China around the 3rd century and it's also popular in parts of northern and southern China, including Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Northeast China, Guangdong, Fujian, and other regions. It has a distinctively loud and high-pitched sound, and was used frequently in Chinese traditional music ensembles, particularly in those that perform outdoors. It was an important instrument in the folk music of northern China, particularly in provinces of Shandong and Henan, where it has long been used for festival and military purposes. It is still being used, in combination with sheng mouth organs, gongs, drums, and sometimes other instruments in weddings and funeral processions. Such wind and percussion ensembles are called ''chuida'' () or ''guchui'' (; this name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark Meily
Mark A. Meily is a film director, producer and a film educator who started his career in the Philippines. He has directed campaigns for Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive, Coca-Cola, DocuSign, and FICO. His feature films have been presented at the film festivals of Deauville, Hawaii, Seattle, Goteborg, Marrakech, Montreal, Busan, Fukuoka and Brussels. He was the chair of the Filmmaking program of the De La Salle-College St. Benilde in Manila. He became the Dean of the School of Design of iAcademy until 2019. In May 2019, his tenth feature, Maledicto, the first film produced by Fox International in the Philippines opened in cinemas. He now lives in San Francisco, California. Early life Meily was born in Manila. He studied at the University of the Philippines College of Fine Arts, the Mowelfund Film Institute.Faculty profile, Asia Pacific Film Institute, June 2007. and at the Ecole Supérieure d'Etudes Cinématographiques as French Government Scholar. Personal life Mark is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crying Ladies
''Crying Ladies'' is a 2003 Filipino comedy-drama film directed by Mark Meily based on his Palanca-winning screenplay ''Bayad Luha''. The film stars Sharon Cuneta as Stella, Hilda Koronel as Aling Doray, and Angel Aquino as Choleng, who are hired as professional funeral mourners by a wealthy Chinese-Filipino family in Manila's Chinatown, while they deal with their personal problems. The film was released on December 25, 2003, in the Philippines as an entry to the 2003 Metro Manila Film Festival where it won five major awards including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Quizon, Best Supporting Actress for Koronel, and Best Child Performer for Pacheco. It was the Philippines' submission to the 77th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Plot After the death of his father, Wilson is tasked by his wealthy Chinese-Filipino family to look for professional funeral mourners who will participate in the funeral rites. Despite the waning popu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahman Kiarostami
Bahman Kiarostami (; born 11 August 1978, in Tehran) is an Iranian film director, cinematographer, film editor and film producer. He is the son of the late critically acclaimed Abbas Kiarostami. The main theme in Kiarostami's films are art and music. Filmography Director Awards *2019 – Jury Award for Documentary Features, 30th annual New Orleans Film Festival, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States *2012 – Jury Award for ''Kahrizak, Four Views'' for the 9th Dubai International Film Festival, Dubai, United Arab Emirates *2004 – "Special Mention" honor for ''Pilgrimage (Zairat)'', 26th Festival des 3 Continents, Nantes Nantes (, ; ; or ; ) is a city in the Loire-Atlantique department of France on the Loire, from the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. The city is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, sixth largest in France, with a pop ..., France *2003 – Best Director Award for ''The Light'', Beirut Middle East Film Festival, Beirut, Leba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalpana Lajmi
Kalpana Lajmi (1954–2018) was an Indian film director, producer and screenwriter. Lajmi was an independent filmmaker working more on realistic, low-budget films, which are known in India as parallel cinema. Her films were often woman-oriented. She had been for a long time manager with Bhupen Hazarika. She was diagnosed with kidney cancer in 2017 and died on 23 September 2018 at the age of 64. Biography Kalpana Lajmi was the daughter of painter Lalita Lajmi and Navy Captain Gopi Lajmi. She was niece of filmmaker Guru Dutt, debuted as an assistant director under the veteran film director Shyam Benegal who was also her relative of the Padukone family. She later went on to work as an assistant costume designer in Shyam Benegal's '' Bhumika: The Role''. She made her directorial début with the documentary film ''D.G. Movie Pioneer'' in 1978 and went on to direct more documentaries like ''A Work Study in Tea Plucking'' (1979) and ''Along the Brahmaputra'' (1981). She debuted as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudaali
''Rudaali'' (pronounced "roo-dah-lee"; ) is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Kalpana Lajmi, written by Lajmi and Gulzar and based on a 1979 short story of the same name by Bengali author Mahasweta Devi. Set in a small village in Rajasthan, the film stars Dimple Kapadia as Shanichari, a lonely and hardened woman who, despite a lifetime of misfortune and abandonment, is unable to express grief through crying and is challenged with a new job as a professional mourner. Raakhee, Raj Babbar, and Amjad Khan appear in supporting roles. Produced by the National Film Development Corporation of India and Doordarshan, the film was labelled part of India's neo-realist parallel cinema, but it employed several of the common elements of mainstream Hindi cinema, including songs composed by Bhupen Hazarika. ''Rudaali'' was a critical and unexpected commercial success. Particular critical praise was directed at Kapadia's performance, with further appreciation of the fil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Berlin
East Berlin (; ) was the partially recognised capital city, capital of East Germany (GDR) from 1949 to 1990. From 1945, it was the Allied occupation zones in Germany, Soviet occupation sector of Berlin. The American, British, and French sectors were known as West Berlin. From 13 August 1961 until 9 November 1989, East Berlin was separated from West Berlin by the Berlin Wall. The Western Allied powers did not recognize East Berlin as the GDR's capital, nor the GDR's authority to govern East Berlin. For most of its administrative existence, East Berlin was officially known as Berlin, capital of the GDR () by the GDR government. On 3 October 1990, the day Germany was officially German reunification, reunified, East and West Berlin formally reunited as the city of Berlin. Overview With the London Protocol (1944), London Protocol of 1944 signed on 12 September 1944, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union decided to divide Nazi Germany, Germany into three occ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Caine
Sir Michael Caine (born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite, 14 March 1933) is a retired English actor. Known for his distinct Cockney accent, he has appeared in more than 160 films over Michael Caine filmography, a career that spanned eight decades and is considered a British cultural icon. He has received List of awards and nominations received by Michael Caine, numerous awards including two Academy Awards, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. As of 2017, the films in which Caine has appeared have grossed over $7.8 billion worldwide. Caine is one of only five male actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in five different decades. In 2000, he received a BAFTA Fellowship and was Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom, knighted by Elizabeth II, Queen Elizabeth II. Often playing a Cockney, Caine made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in British films such as ''Zulu (1964 film), Zulu'' (1964), ''The Ipcress ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guy Hamilton
Mervyn Ian Guy Hamilton (16 September 1922 – 20 April 2016) was an English film director. He directed 22 films from the 1950s to the 1980s, including four James Bond films. Early life Hamilton was born in Paris on 16 September 1922, son of Frederick William Guy Hamilton (1895-1988), press attaché to the British embassy in Paris and Captain in the King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster), King's Own Royal Lancaster Regiment, and Winifred Grace Culling (1895-1970), daughter of William Archibald Culling Fremantle, of the Church Missionary Society in India. His mother was a great-granddaughter of the Christian campaigner Sir Culling Eardley, 3rd Baronet, and of the politician Thomas Fremantle, 1st Baron Cottesloe. His parents divorced in 1923, and Hamilton attended school in England. His first exposure to the film industry came in 1938, when he was a clapperboard boy at the Victorine Studios in Nice. At the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, Hamilton escaped from France by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Funeral In Berlin (film)
''Funeral in Berlin'' is a 1966 British spy film directed by Guy Hamilton and based on the 1964 novel of the same name by Len Deighton. It is the second of three 1960s films starring Michael Caine as the character Harry Palmer that followed the characters from the initial film, '' The Ipcress File'' (1965). The third film was '' Billion Dollar Brain'' (1967). Plot British secret agent Harry Palmer is sent to Berlin by his superior Colonel Ross to arrange the defection of Colonel Stok, a prominent Soviet intelligence officer. Palmer is sceptical but links up with Johnny Vulkan, an old German friend and former criminal associate, who now runs the Berlin station for British intelligence. Palmer makes a rendezvous with Stok in the Soviet zone of the divided city, finding him eccentric and likeable. Stok asks for the defection to be managed by Otto Kreutzman, a West German criminal who has organised a number of recent escapes. When Palmer returns to the western sector he meet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spy Film
The spy film, also known as the spy thriller, is a film genre, genre of film that deals with the subject of fictional espionage, either in a realistic way (such as the adaptations of John le Carré) or as a basis for fantasy (such as many James Bond in film, James Bond films). Many novels in the spy fiction genre have been adapted as films, including works by John Buchan, le Carré, Ian Fleming (Bond) and Len Deighton. It is a significant aspect of Cinema of the United Kingdom, British cinema, with leading British directors such as Alfred Hitchcock and Carol Reed making notable contributions and many films set in the Secret Intelligence Service, British Secret Service. Spy films show the espionage activities of government agents and their risk of being discovered by their enemies. From the Nazi espionage thrillers of the 1940s to the James Bond films of the 1960s and to the high-tech blockbusters of today, the spy film has always been popular with audiences worldwide. Offering ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
