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Private Highway
A private highway is a highway owned and operated for profit by private industry. Private highways are common in Asia and Europe; in addition, a few have been built in the United States on an experimental basis. Typically, private highways are built by companies that charge tolls for a period while the debt is retired, after which the highway is turned over to government control. This allows governments to fulfill immediate transportation needs despite their own budget constraints, while still retaining public ownership of the roads in the long term. An obstacle to private highways is that government regulation can stifle price flexibility and introduce negotiation and paperwork requirements that increase operational expenses, while having to compete against free public roads. In addition, private highways lack some advantages that governments have, such as sovereign immunity against liability for accidents, the use of eminent domain power to acquire private property for roads an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M6 Toll Plaza, Great Wyrley
M6, M06, M.6, or M-6 may refer to: Military * M6 bayonet, a bayonet for the M14 rifle * M6 bomb truck, a truck used to move bombs during World War II * M6 gun motor carriage, an American World War II light truck armed with an anti-tank gun * M6 gun, a 3" towed artillery piece * M6 heavy tank, a World War II heavy tank design that never entered full production * M6 Linebacker, an anti-aircraft variant of the M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle * M6 mine, a United States metal-cased, circular anti-tank landmine * M6 ''Mosegris'', Danish designation for C15TA Armoured Truck * M6 tractor, a high-speed artillery tractor * M6-640, a 60 mm mortar used by the British Army * Hirtenberger M6C-210 Commando, a 60 mm mortar used by various armies * LWRC M6, a series of United States military carbines based on the M4 carbine * Fokker M.6, a 1916 German two-seat experimental fighter aircraft * Macchi M.6, a 1917 Italian flying boat fighter prototype Survival guns * M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Required Rates Of Return
The discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, in financial analysis, is a method used to value a security, project, company, or asset, that incorporates the time value of money. Discounted cash flow analysis is widely used in investment finance, real estate development, corporate financial management, and patent valuation. Used in industry as early as the 1700s or 1800s, it was widely discussed in financial economics in the 1960s, and U.S. courts began employing the concept in the 1980s and 1990s. Application In discount cash flow analysis, all future cash flows are estimated and discounted by using cost of capital to give their present values (PVs). The sum of all future cash flows, both incoming and outgoing, is the net present value (NPV), which is taken as the value of the cash flows in question; see aside. For further context see ; and for the mechanics see valuation using discounted cash flows, which includes modifications typical for startups, private equity and ventur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forbes
''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917. It has been owned by the Hong Kong–based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014. Its chairman and editor-in-chief is Steve Forbes. The company is headquartered in Jersey City, New Jersey. Sherry Phillips is the current CEO of Forbes as of January 1, 2025. Published eight times per year, ''Forbes'' feature articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. It also reports on related subjects such as technology, communications, science, politics, and law. It has an international edition in Asia as well as editions produced under license in 27 countries and regions worldwide. The magazine is known for its lists and rankings, including its lists of the richest Americans (the Forbes 400, ''Forbes'' 400), of 30 notable people under the age of 30 (the Forbes 30 Under 30, ''Forbes'' 30 under 30), of America's wealthiest celebrities, of the world's top companies (the Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as List of islands of Italy, nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino. It is the List of European countries by area, tenth-largest country in Europe by area, covering , and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with nearly 59 million inhabitants. Italy's capital and List of cities in Italy, largest city is Rome; other major cities include Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, and Venice. The history of Italy goes back to numerous List of ancient peoples of Italy, Italic peoples—notably including the ancient Romans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Private Highways In The United States
There are relatively few private highways in the United States, compared to other parts of the world. The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike, opened in 1795 between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Lancaster, Pennsylvania, was the first major American turnpike. According to Gerald Gunderson's ''Privatization and the 19th-Century Turnpike'', "In the first three decades of the 19th century, Americans built more than 10,000 miles 6,000 kmof turnpikes, in New England and the Middle Atlantic states. Relative to the economy at that time, this effort exceeded the post-World War II interstate highway system." Because electronics did not exist in that era, all tolls had to be collected by human cashiers at toll booths, creating high fixed costs that could only be covered by a large volume of traffic. As railroads and steamboats began to compete with the turnpikes, less profitable highways started to shut down or be turned over to governments. (See : Pre-freeway turnpikes in the Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automatic Number Plate Recognition
Automatic number-plate recognition (ANPR; see also other names below) is a technology that uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle registration plates to create vehicle location data. It can use existing closed-circuit television, road-rule enforcement cameras, or cameras specifically designed for the task. ANPR is used by police forces around the world for law enforcement purposes, including checking if a vehicle is registered or licensed. It is also used for electronic toll collection on pay-per-use roads and as a method of cataloguing the movements of traffic, for example by highways agencies. Automatic number-plate recognition can be used to store the images captured by the cameras as well as the text from the license plate, with some configurable to store a photograph of the driver. Systems commonly use infrared lighting to allow the camera to take the picture at any time of day or night. ANPR technology must take into account plate variations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Toll Collection
Electronic toll collection (ETC) is a wireless system to automatically collect the usage fee or Road pricing, toll charged to vehicles using toll roads, HOV lanes, toll bridges, and toll tunnels. It is a faster alternative which is replacing Toll house, toll booths, where vehicles must stop and the driver manually pays the toll with cash or a card. In most cases, vehicles using the system are equipped with an automated radio transponder device. When the vehicle passes a roadside toll reader device, a radio signal from the reader triggers the transponder, which transmits back an identifying number which registers the vehicle's use of the road, and an electronic payment system charges the user the toll. A major advantage is the driver does not have to stop, reducing traffic delays. Electronic tolling is cheaper than a staffed toll booth, reducing transaction costs for government or private road owners. The ease of varying the amount of the toll makes it easy to implement road conge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Toronto Area
The Greater Toronto Area, commonly referred to as the GTA, includes the Toronto, City of Toronto and the regional municipality, regional municipalities of Regional Municipality of Durham, Durham, Regional Municipality of Halton, Halton, Regional Municipality of Peel, Peel, and Regional Municipality of York, York. In total, the region contains 25 urban, suburban, and rural municipalities. The Greater Toronto Area begins in Burlington, Ontario, Burlington in Halton Region to the west, and extends along Lake Ontario past downtown Toronto eastward to Clarington in Durham Region. According to the 2021 Canadian census, 2021 census, the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) of Toronto has a total population of 6.202 million residents, making it the nation's List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada, largest, and the List of North American metropolitan areas by population, 7th-largest in North America. However, the Greater Toronto Area, which is an economic area defined by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ontario Highway 407
King's Highway 407, commonly referred to as Highway 407 and colloquially as the "four-oh-seven", is a 400-series highways, 400-series highway in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. Comprising a tolled privately leased segment and a publicly owned segment, the route spans the entire Greater Toronto Area (GTA) around the city of Toronto, travelling through the suburbs of Burlington, Ontario, Burlington, Oakville, Ontario, Oakville, Mississauga, Brampton, Vaughan, Markham, Ontario, Markham, Pickering, Ontario, Pickering, Whitby, Ontario, Whitby, and Oshawa, Ontario, Oshawa before ending in Clarington, north of Orono, Ontario, Orono. At 151.4 km long, it is the fourth-longest expressway in Ontario's 400-series network, after Highways Ontario Highway 417, 417, Ontario Highway 400, 400, and Ontario Highway 401, 401. The tolled segment between Burlington and Brougham, Ontario, Brougham in Pickering is leased to and operated by the 407 ETR Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public–private Partnerships In India
The public–private partnership (''PPP'' or ''3P'') is a commercial legal relationship defined by the Government of India in 2011 as "a''n arrangement between a statutory / government owned entity on one side and a private sector entity on the other, for the provision of public assets and/or public services, through investments being made and/or management being undertaken by the private sector entity, for a specified period of time, where there is well defined allocation of risk between the private sector and the public entity and the private entity receives performance linked payments that conform (or are benchmarked) to specified and pre-determined performance standards, measurable by the public entity or its representative''". The Government of India recognizes several types of PPPs, including: User-fee based Build–operate–transfer, BOT model, Performance based management/maintenance contracts and Modified design-build contracts (turnkey). Today, there are hundreds of PPP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Securitize
Securitization is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans, or credit card debt obligations (or other non-debt assets which generate receivables) and selling their related cash flows to third party investors as securities, which may be described as bonds, pass-through securities, or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). Investors are repaid from the principal and interest cash flows collected from the underlying debt and redistributed through the capital structure of the new financing. Securities backed by mortgage receivables are called mortgage-backed securities (MBS), while those backed by other types of receivables are asset-backed securities (ABS). The granularity of pools of securitized assets can mitigate the credit risk of individual borrowers. Unlike general corporate debt, the credit quality of securitized debt is non- stationary due to changes in volatility that are time- an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
