|
Prisons In Turkey
There are three types of prison in Turkey: closed, semi-open, and open. A further distinction is made between ordinary closed prisons and high-security prisons. Many prisons have separate blocks (or wings) for women and some also for children (juveniles), but there are also some prisons which are exclusively for women or children. Prisoners in Turkey must be divided, as per law, into remand prisoners (those being held in pre-trial detention) and convicted prisoners (whose sentences are being carried out). In practice, they are held in the same wards and cells. History In the Ottoman Empire prisons were called dungeons (''zindan''). In Turkey, these were mostly dark and damp towers. The first prison was built in Sultanahmet quarter of Istanbul and it was called general prison (''Hapishane-i Umumi''). Besides the death penalty the Penal Code of 1858 included three different types of sentences: rowing on a galley (''kürek''), pillorying (''prangabentlik'') and imprisonment in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prison
A prison, also known as a jail, gaol, penitentiary, detention center, correction center, correctional facility, or remand center, is a facility where Prisoner, people are Imprisonment, imprisoned under the authority of the State (polity), state, usually as punishment for various crimes. They may also be used to house those awaiting trial (pre-trial detention). Prisons are most commonly used within a criminal justice, criminal-justice system by authorities: people charged with crimes may be Remand (detention), imprisoned until their trial; and those who have pleaded or been found Guilt (law), guilty of crimes at trial may be Sentence (law), sentenced to a specified period of imprisonment. Prisons can also be used as a tool for political repression by authoritarianism, authoritarian regimes who Political prisoner, detain perceived opponents for political crimes, often without a fair trial or due process; this use is illegal under most forms of international law governing fair admi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Summary Offence
A summary offence or petty offence is a violation in some common law jurisdictions that can be proceeded against summarily, without the right to a jury trial and/or indictment (required for an indictable offence). Canada In Canada, summary offences are referred to as summary conviction offences. As in other jurisdictions, summary conviction offences are considered less serious than indictable offences because they are punishable by shorter prison sentences and smaller fines. These offences appear both in the federal laws of Canada and in the legislation of Canada's provinces and territories. For summary conviction offences that fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government (including all criminal law), section 787 of the Criminal Code specifies that, unless another punishment is provided for by law, the maximum penalty for a summary conviction offence is a sentence of 2 years less a day of imprisonment, a fine of $5,000 or both. As a matter of practical effect, some co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-terrorism Legislation
Anti-terrorism legislation are laws aimed at fighting terrorism. They usually, if not always, follow specific bombings or assassinations. Anti-terrorism legislation usually includes specific amendments allowing the state to bypass its own legislation when fighting terrorism-related crimes, under alleged grounds of necessity. Because of this suspension of regular procedure, such legislation is sometimes criticized as a form of '' lois scélérates'' which may unjustly repress all kinds of popular protests. Critics often allege that anti-terrorism legislation endangers democracy by creating a state of exception that allows authoritarian style of government. International conventions related to terrorism and counter-terrorism cases Terrorism has been on the international agenda since 1934, when the League of Nations, predecessor of the United Nations, began the elaboration of a convention for the prevention and punishment of terrorism. Although the convention was eventually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunger Strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance where participants fasting, fast as an act of political protest, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are named dry hunger strikers. In cases where an entity (usually the State (polity), state) has or is able to obtain custody of the hunger striker (such as a prisoner), the hunger strike is often terminated by the custodial entity through the use of force-feeding. Early history Fasting was used as a method of protesting injustice in pre-Christian Ireland, where it was known as ''Troscadh'' or ''Cealachan''. Detailed in the contemporary Civil code, civic codes, it had specific rules by which it could be used, and the fast was often carried out on the doorstep of the home of the offender. Scholars speculate that this was due to the high importance the culture placed on hospitality. Allowing a person to die at one's doorstep, for a wrong of whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights Association (Turkey)
The Human Rights Association (, İHD) is an NGO for advancing Human rights in Turkey, founded in 1986 and headquartered in Ankara. Establishment The İHD's origins can be traced to the victims of the purges in the aftermath of the military coup of 1980 and was founded on 17 July 1986. The 98 founding members comprised lawyers, journalists, intellectuals, but mainly relatives of political prisoners. The organization works on all kind of human rights, but is mainly focused on abuses in Turkey. After in 1992 the IHD came under scrutiny from the public for not holding the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) accountable for their war crimes, the IHD acknowledged that in the southeast Turkey was raging a war.Kurban, Dilek (2020),p.190 In 1992, the statute was changed to cover humanitarian aspects as laid out in the Geneva Conventions. The IHD also criticized human rights violations of armed groups like the PKK which lead to criticism both by the PKK as the Turkish Government wanted t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says that it has more than ten million members and supporters around the world. The stated mission of the organization is to campaign for "a world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments". The organization has played a notable role on human rights issues due to its frequent citation in media and by world leaders. AI was founded in London in 1961 by the lawyer Peter Benenson. In what he called "The Forgotten Prisoners" and "An Appeal for Amnesty", which appeared on the front page of the British newspaper ''The Observer'', Benenson wrote about two students who toasted to freedom in Portugal and four other people who had been jailed in other nations because of their beliefs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diyarbakır Prison
Diyarbakır Prison (; ) is a prison located in Diyarbakır, southeastern Turkey. It was established in 1980 as an E-type prison by the Ministry of Justice. After the September 12, 1980 Turkish coup d'état, the facility was transferred to military administration and became a Martial Law Military Prison (). Control of the prison was returned to the Ministry of Justice on May 8, 1988. The capacity of Diyarbakır E-type Prison is 744. However, the prison is sometimes overcrowded. When the Human Rights Commission in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (GNAT) visited the prison in October 1996 it had a capacity of 650 and was accommodating 942 prisoners. Diyarbakır D-type prison, which is provided for political prisoners can hold 688 people.A list in excel format can bdownloaded from the website of the General Directorate for Penal and Arrest Centres in the Ministry of Justice, said to be up-to-date as of 31 January 2011; accessed on 21 May 2011 What has been called "the period o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metris Prison
Metris Prison (), or officially Metris Closed Penitentiary () is a state correctional institution in the Esenler district of Istanbul Province in Turkey. The prison complex consists of two T-type buildings. The current prison director is Zeki Uzun. Location The Metris prison is situated in the Havaalanı neighborhood on the Eskiedirne Asfaltı (literally: Old Edirne Road). The complex is built on ground covering an area of . History The facility was established by the Ministry of National Defence and opened on April 17, 1981, for use as the Metris Military Prison during the martial law era following the 1980 coup d'état. It was transferred to the Ministry of Justice on August 1, 1988. Since then, it serves as the Metris Closed Penitentiary subordinated to the Bakırköy District Court. On March 18, 2007, the second T-type prison building entered service, and all detainees and convicts of the closed H-type prison were transferred to the new building. Another T-type prison buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankara
Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and List of national capitals by area, the largest capital by area in the world. Located in the Central Anatolia Region, central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center (Etimesgut, Yenimahalle, Çankaya District, Çankaya, Keçiören, Altındağ, Pursaklar, Mamak, Ankara, Mamak, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Gölbaşı, Sincan, Ankara, Sincan) and 5,864,049 in Ankara Province (total of 25 districts). Ankara is Turkey's List of cities in Turkey, second-largest city by population after Istanbul, first by urban land area, and third by metro land area after Konya and Sivas. Ankara was historically known as Ancyra and Angora. Serving as the capital of the ancient Celts, Celtic state of Galatia (280–64 BC), and later of the Roman Empire, Roman province with the Galatia (Roman province), same name (25 BC–7th century), Ankara has various Hattians, Hattian, Hittites, Hittite, Lydian, Phrygian, Galatians (people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Prison
A military prison is a prison operated by a military. Military prisons are used variously to house prisoners of war, unlawful combatants, those whose freedom is deemed a national security risk by the military or national authorities, and members of the military found guilty of military offenses. There are two types: penal and confinement-oriented, where captured enemy combatants are confined for military reasons until hostilities cease. Most militaries have some sort of military police unit operating at the divisional level or below to perform many of the same functions as civilian police, from traffic-control to the arrest of violent offenders and the supervision of detainees and prisoners of war. Australia The Australian Defence Force states it has no prisons. Instead they have a single facility, the Defence Force Correctional Establishment (Australia), Defence Force Correctional Establishment, which aims to rehabilitate members who have been sentenced to detention for breachi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Tribunal
Military justice (or military law) is the body of laws and procedures governing members of the armed forces. Many nation-states have separate and distinct bodies of law that govern the conduct of members of their armed forces. Some states use special judicial and other arrangements to enforce those laws, while others use civilian judicial systems. Legal issues unique to military justice include the preservation of good order and discipline, the legality of orders, and appropriate conduct for members of the military. Some states enable their military justice systems to deal with civil offenses committed by their armed forces in some circumstances. Military justice is distinct from martial law, which is the imposition of military authority on a civilian population as a substitute for civil authority, and is often declared in times of emergency, war, or civil unrest. Most countries restrict when and in what manner martial law may be declared and enforced. Canada All Comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provinces Of Turkey
Turkey is divided into 81 provinces (). Each province is divided into a number of districts of Turkey, districts (). Each provincial government is seated in the central district (). For non-Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey, metropolitan municipality designated provinces, the central district bears the name of the province (e.g. the city/district of Rize is the central district of Rize Province). In the Ottoman Empire, the corresponding unit was the ''vilayet''. Each province is administered by an appointed governor () from the Ministry of the Interior (Turkey), Ministry of the Interior. Background After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic Day (Turkey), official establishment of the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923, changes were made to the administrative system. Two years later, Ardahan Province, Ardahan, Beyoğlu, Çatalca, Tunceli, Dersim, Ergani, Gelibolu, :tr:Genç_(il), Genç, Kozan, Adana, Kozan, Oltu, Muş Province, Muş, Siverek and Üsküdar pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
