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Preissman's Theorem
In Riemannian geometry, a field of mathematics, Preissmann's theorem is a statement that restricts the possible topology of a negatively curved compact Riemannian manifold. It is named for Alexandre Preissmann, who published a proof in 1943. Preissmann's theorem Consider a closed manifold with a Riemannian metric of negative sectional curvature. Preissmann's theorem states that every non-trivial abelian subgroup of the fundamental group must be isomorphic to the additive group of integers, . This can loosely be interpreted as saying that the fundamental group of such a manifold must be highly nonabelian. Moreover, the fundamental group itself cannot be abelian. As an example, Preissmann's theorem implies that the -dimensional torus admits no Riemannian metric of strictly negative sectional curvature. More generally, the product of two closed manifolds of positive dimensions does not admit a Riemannian metric of strictly negative sectional curvature. The standard proof of Preissm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riemannian Geometry
Riemannian geometry is the branch of differential geometry that studies Riemannian manifolds, defined as manifold, smooth manifolds with a ''Riemannian metric'' (an inner product on the tangent space at each point that varies smooth function, smoothly from point to point). This gives, in particular, local notions of angle, arc length, length of curves, surface area and volume. From those, some other global quantities can be derived by integral, integrating local contributions. Riemannian geometry originated with the vision of Bernhard Riemann expressed in his inaugural lecture "" ("On the Hypotheses on which Geometry is Based"). It is a very broad and abstract generalization of the differential geometry of surfaces in Three-dimensional space, R3. Development of Riemannian geometry resulted in synthesis of diverse results concerning the geometry of surfaces and the behavior of geodesics on them, with techniques that can be applied to the study of differentiable manifolds of higher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph A
Joseph is a common male name, derived from the Hebrew (). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef (given name), Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the modern-day Nordic countries. In Portuguese language, Portuguese and Spanish language, Spanish, the name is "José". In Arabic, including in the Quran, the name is spelled , . In Kurdish language, Kurdish (''Kurdî''), the name is , Persian language, Persian, the name is , and in Turkish language, Turkish it is . In Pashto the name is spelled ''Esaf'' (ايسپ) and in Malayalam it is spelled ''Ousep'' (ഔസേപ്പ്). In Tamil language, Tamil, it is spelled as ''Yosepu'' (யோசேப்பு). The name has enjoyed significant popularity in its many forms in numerous countries, and ''Joseph'' was one of the two names, along with ''Robert'', to have remained in the top 10 boys' names list in the US from 1925 to 1972. It is especiall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graduate Texts In Mathematics
Graduate Texts in Mathematics (GTM) () is a series of graduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by Springer-Verlag. The books in this series, like the other Springer-Verlag mathematics series, are yellow books of a standard size (with variable numbers of pages). The GTM series is easily identified by a white band at the top of the book. The books in this series tend to be written at a more advanced level than the similar Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics series, although there is a fair amount of overlap between the two series in terms of material covered and difficulty level. List of books #''Introduction to Axiomatic Set Theory'', Gaisi Takeuti, Wilson M. Zaring (1982, 2nd ed., ) #''Measure and Category – A Survey of the Analogies between Topological and Measure Spaces'', John C. Oxtoby (1980, 2nd ed., ) #''Topological Vector Spaces'', H. H. Schaefer, M. P. Wolff (1999, 2nd ed., ) #''A Course in Homological Algebra'', Peter Hilton, Urs Stammbach (1997, 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Springer, Cham
Springer Nature or the Springer Nature Group is a German-British academic publishing company created by the May 2015 merger of Springer Science+Business Media and Holtzbrinck Publishing Group's Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan, and Macmillan Education. History The company originates from several journals and publishing houses, notably Springer-Verlag, which was founded in 1842 by Julius Springer in Berlin (the grandfather of Bernhard Springer who founded Springer Publishing in 1950 in New York), Nature Publishing Group which has published '' Nature'' since 1869, and Macmillan Education, which goes back to Macmillan Publishers founded in 1843. Springer Nature was formed in 2015 by the merger of Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan, and Macmillan Education (held by Holtzbrinck Publishing Group) with Springer Science+Business Media (held by BC Partners). Plans for the merger were first announced on 15 January 2015. The transaction was concluded in May 2015 with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chelsea Publishing Company
The Chelsea Publishing Company was a publisher of mathematical books, based in New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ..., founded in 1944 by Aaron Galuten while he was still a graduate student at Columbia. Its initial focus was to republish important European works that were unavailable in the United States because of wartime restrictions, such as Hausdorff's Mengenlehre, or because the works were out of print. This soon expanded to include translations of such works into English, as well as original works by American authors. As of 1985, the company's catalog included more than 200 titles. After Galuten's death in 1994, the company was acquired in 1997 by the AMS, which continues to publish a portion of the company's original catalog under the AMS Chelse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birkhäuser Boston
Birkhäuser was a Swiss publisher founded in 1879 by Emil Birkhäuser. It was acquired by Springer Science+Business Media in 1985. Today it is an imprint used by two companies in unrelated fields: * Springer continues to publish science (particularly: history of science, geosciences, computer science) and mathematics books and journals under the Birkhäuser imprint (with a leaf logo) sometimes called Birkhäuser Science. * Birkhäuser Verlag – an architecture and design publishing company was (re)created in 2010 when Springer sold its design and architecture segment to ACTAR. The resulting Spanish-Swiss company was then called ActarBirkhäuser. After a bankruptcy, in 2012 Birkhäuser Verlag was sold again, this time to De Gruyter. Additionally, the Reinach-based printer Birkhäuser+GBC operates independently of the above, being now owned by ''Basler Zeitung''. History The original Swiss publishers program focused on regional literature. In the 1920s the sons of Emil Birkh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Mathematical Society
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs. The society is one of the four parts of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics and a member of the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences. History The AMS was founded in 1888 as the New York Mathematical Society, the brainchild of Thomas Fiske, who was impressed by the London Mathematical Society on a visit to England. John Howard Van Amringe became the first president while Fiske became secretary. The society soon decided to publish a journal, but ran into some resistance over concerns about competing with the '' American Journal of Mathematics''. The result was the ''Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society'', with Fiske as editor-in-chief. The de facto journal, as intended, was influentia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graduate Studies In Mathematics
Graduate Studies in Mathematics (GSM) is a series of graduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by the American Mathematical Society (AMS). The books in this series are published ihardcoverane-bookformats. List of books *1 ''The General Topology of Dynamical Systems'', Ethan Akin (1993, ) *2 ''Combinatorial Rigidity'', Jack Graver, Brigitte Servatius, Herman Servatius (1993, ) *3 ''An Introduction to Gröbner Bases'', William W. Adams, Philippe Loustaunau (1994, ) *4 ''The Integrals of Lebesgue, Denjoy, Perron, and Henstock'', Russell A. Gordon (1994, ) *5 ''Algebraic Curves and Riemann Surfaces'', Rick Miranda (1995, ) *6 ''Lectures on Quantum Groups'', Jens Carsten Jantzen (1996, ) *7 ''Algebraic Number Fields'', Gerald J. Janusz (1996, 2nd ed., ) *8 ''Discovering Modern Set Theory. I: The Basics'', Winfried Just, Martin Weese (1996, ) *9 ''An Invitation to Arithmetic Geometry'', Dino Lorenzini (1996, ) *10 ''Representations of Finite and Compact Groups'', Barry Simon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Springer-Verlag
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in Berlin, it expanded internationally in the 1960s, and through mergers in the 1990s and a sale to venture capitalists it fused with Wolters Kluwer and eventually became part of Springer Nature in 2015. Springer has major offices in Berlin, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, and New York City. History Julius Springer founded Springer-Verlag in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's then second-largest academic publisher with 65 staff in 1872.Chronology ". Springer Science+Business Media. In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationally, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metric Space
In mathematics, a metric space is a Set (mathematics), set together with a notion of ''distance'' between its Element (mathematics), elements, usually called point (geometry), points. The distance is measured by a function (mathematics), function called a metric or distance function. Metric spaces are a general setting for studying many of the concepts of mathematical analysis and geometry. The most familiar example of a metric space is 3-dimensional Euclidean space with its usual notion of distance. Other well-known examples are a sphere equipped with the angular distance and the hyperbolic plane. A metric may correspond to a Conceptual metaphor , metaphorical, rather than physical, notion of distance: for example, the set of 100-character Unicode strings can be equipped with the Hamming distance, which measures the number of characters that need to be changed to get from one string to another. Since they are very general, metric spaces are a tool used in many different bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandrov Space
In geometry, Alexandrov spaces with curvature ≥ ''k'' form a generalization of Riemannian manifolds with sectional curvature ≥ ''k'', where ''k'' is some real number. By definition, these spaces are locally compact complete length spaces where the lower curvature bound is defined via comparison of geodesic triangles in the space to geodesic triangles in standard constant-curvature Riemannian surfaces. One can show that the Hausdorff dimension of an Alexandrov space with curvature ≥ ''k'' is either a non-negative integer or infinite. One can define a notion of "angle" (see Comparison triangle#Alexandrov angles) and "tangent cone" in these spaces. Alexandrov spaces with curvature ≥ ''k'' are important as they form the limits (in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric) of sequences of Riemannian manifolds with sectional curvature ≥ ''k'', as described by Gromov's compactness theorem. Alexandrov spaces with curvature ≥ ''k'' were introduced by the Russian mathematician Aleks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isometric Immersion
In mathematics, an embedding (or imbedding) is one instance of some mathematical structure contained within another instance, such as a group that is a subgroup. When some object X is said to be embedded in another object Y, the embedding is given by some injective and structure-preserving map f:X\rightarrow Y. The precise meaning of "structure-preserving" depends on the kind of mathematical structure of which X and Y are instances. In the terminology of category theory, a structure-preserving map is called a morphism. The fact that a map f:X\rightarrow Y is an embedding is often indicated by the use of a "hooked arrow" (); thus: f : X \hookrightarrow Y. (On the other hand, this notation is sometimes reserved for inclusion maps.) Given X and Y, several different embeddings of X in Y may be possible. In many cases of interest there is a standard (or "canonical") embedding, like those of the natural numbers in the integers, the integers in the rational numbers, the rational numb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
