|
Porpidia Flavicunda
''Porpidia flavicunda'' is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. Taxonomy The species was described in 1810 by Erik Acharius as ''Lecidea flavicunda''. Since then it has been reclassified a number of times, even at genus level, having, at one time or another, been placed in the genera '' Lecidea'', '' Huilia'', ''Biatora'', ''Haplocarpon'', ''Lichen'' and its current genus, ''Porpidia''. The species taxonomy was last revised in 1989, when it obtained its current species name, ''Porpidia flavicunda''. Distribution and ecology ''Porpidia flavicunda'' has a circumpolar arctic and boreal distribution. There are indications ''P. flavicunda'' populations frequently spread their propagules to other populations, even on different continents, resulting in low amounts of genetic drift in isolated populations and a higher than expected genetic uniformity between continents. ''Porpidia flavicunda'' is among the most common and widely seen lichens in Iceland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crustose Lichen
Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex layer, an algal layer, and a medulla. The upper cortex layer is differentiated and is usually pigmented. The algal layer lies beneath the cortex. The medulla fastens the lichen to the substrate and is made up of fungal hyphae. The surface of crustose lichens is characterized by branching cracks that periodically close in response to climatic variations such as alternate wetting and drying regimes. Subtypes * Powdery – considered as the simplest subtype due to the absence of an organized thallus. :The thallus appears powdery. :E.g. Genera '' Lepraria'', ''Vezdaea'' * Endolithic – grows inside the rock, usually in interstitial spaces between mineral grains. The :upper cortex is usually developed. :E.g. Genus '' Lecidea'' * Epi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecideaceae
The Lecideaceae are a family of lichens in the order Lecideales (Ascomycota, class Lecanoromycetes). Genera According to a recent (2022) estimate, the Lecideaceae comprise 29 genera and about 260 species. The following list indicates the genus name, the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species: *'' Amygdalaria'' – 11 spp. *''Bahianora'' – 1 sp. *''Bellemerea'' – 10 spp. *'' Bryobilimbia'' – 6 spp. *''Catarrhospora'' – 2 spp. *'' Cecidonia'' – 2 spp. *''Clauzadea'' – 7 spp. *''Cryptodictyon'' – 2 spp. *'' Eremastrella'' – 2 spp. *''Farnoldia'' – 6 spp. *''Immersaria'' – 8 spp. *''Koerberiella'' – 2 spp. *''Labyrintha'' – 1 sp. *'' Lecidea'' – ca. 100 spp. *''Lecidoma'' – 1 sp. *''Lopacidia'' – 1 sp. *'' Melanolecia'' – 7 spp. *''Pachyphysis'' – 1 sp. *''Paraporpidia'' – 3 spp. *''Poeltiaria'' – 8 spp. *''Poeltidea'' – 3 spp. *''Porpidia ''Porpidia'' is a genus of crustose lichens in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erik Acharius
Erik Acharius (10 October 1757 – 14 August 1819) was a Swedish botanist who pioneered the Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of lichens and is known as the "father of lichenology." Acharius was famously the last pupil of Carl Linnaeus. Life Acharius was born in 1757 to Johan Eric Acharius and Catharina Margaretha Hagtorn in Gävle.Sernander., K. “Erik Acharius - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon.” Fredrik Teodor Borg - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon, sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=5503. He received a private education until he was admitted to Gävle Gymnasium in 1770. Later he matriculated at Uppsala University in 1773 where he studied natural history and medicine under Linnaeus and was the last student to defend a dissertation before him.Thell, A., Kärnefelt, I., Seaward, M., & Westberg, M. (Eds.) (2013). In the footsteps of Erik Acharius. 20th biennial meeting of the Nordic Lichen Society. Vadstena 11–15 August 2013. Programme and Abstracts. Nordic Lichen Society. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecidea
''Lecidea'' is a genus of crustose lichens with a carbon black ring or outer margin (exciple) around the fruiting body disc (apothecium), usually (or always) found growing on (saxicolous) or in ( endolithic) rock.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Lichens that have such a black exciple are called lecideine A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship. Members of the genus are commonly called disk lichens or tile lichens. Selected species According to the ' ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huilia
''Porpidia'' is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Lecideaceae. Taxonomy ''Porpidia'' was circumscribed by the German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855, with ''Porpidia trullisata'' designated as the type species. Species , Species Fungorum accepts 38 species of ''Porpidia'': *''Porpidia albocaerulescens'' *''Porpidia cinereoatra'' *''Porpidia contraponenda'' *''Porpidia crustulata'' *'' Porpidia degelii'' *''Porpidia flavicunda'' *'' Porpidia flavocruenta'' - Austria, the British Isles, Scandinavia, Iceland, and North America (Alaska) *''Porpidia grisea'' *''Porpidia hydrophila'' *''Porpidia hypostictica'' – China *''Porpidia irrigua'' *''Porpidia islandica'' - Scotland and Iceland *''Porpidia littoralis'' – Australia *''Porpidia lowiana'' *''Porpidia macrocarpa'' *''Porpidia melinodes'' *''Porpidia nadvornikiana'' *'' Porpidia navarina'' – Chile *''Porpidia ochrolemma'' *'' Porpidia pachythallina'' - British Isles *''Porpidia platy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biatora
''Biatora'' is a genus of lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. First described in 1817,Fries EM, Sandberg A. (1817). ''Lichenum dianome nova''. Lund. the genus consists of crustose and squamulose lichens with green algal photobionts, biatorine apothecia, colorless, simple to 3-septate ascospores, and bacilliform pycnospores. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the genus contains 42 species that are widely distributed in temperate areas. Species *''Biatora alaskana'' *'' Biatora alnetorum'' *''Biatora appalachensis'' *'' Biatora aureolepra'' *''Biatora australis'' *''Biatora bacidioides'' *''Biatora britannica'' *''Biatora carneoalbida'' *''Biatora chrysantha'' *''Biatora chrysanthoides'' *''Biatora cuprea'' *''Biatora cuyabensis'' *''Biatora efflorescens'' *''Biatora ementiens'' *'' Biatora epirotica'' *'' Biatora epixanthoides'' *'' Biatora globulosa'' *'' Biatora hafellneri'' *'' Biatora halei'' *'' Biatora hemipolia'' *'' Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplocarpon
''Porpidia'' is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Lecideaceae. Taxonomy ''Porpidia'' was circumscribed by the German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855, with ''Porpidia trullisata'' designated as the type species. Species , Species Fungorum accepts 38 species of ''Porpidia'': *''Porpidia albocaerulescens'' *''Porpidia cinereoatra'' *''Porpidia contraponenda'' *''Porpidia crustulata'' *'' Porpidia degelii'' *'' Porpidia flavicunda'' *'' Porpidia flavocruenta'' - Austria, the British Isles, Scandinavia, Iceland, and North America (Alaska) *''Porpidia grisea'' *''Porpidia hydrophila'' *''Porpidia hypostictica'' – China *''Porpidia irrigua'' *''Porpidia islandica'' - Scotland and Iceland *''Porpidia littoralis'' – Australia *''Porpidia lowiana'' *''Porpidia macrocarpa'' *''Porpidia melinodes'' *''Porpidia nadvornikiana'' *'' Porpidia navarina'' – Chile *''Porpidia ochrolemma'' *'' Porpidia pachythallina'' - British Isles *'' Porpid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porpidia
''Porpidia'' is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Lecideaceae. Taxonomy ''Porpidia'' was circumscribed by the German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855, with ''Porpidia trullisata'' designated as the type species. Species , Species Fungorum accepts 38 species of ''Porpidia'': *'' Porpidia albocaerulescens'' *'' Porpidia cinereoatra'' *'' Porpidia contraponenda'' *'' Porpidia crustulata'' *'' Porpidia degelii'' *'' Porpidia flavicunda'' *'' Porpidia flavocruenta'' - Austria, the British Isles, Scandinavia, Iceland, and North America (Alaska) *'' Porpidia grisea'' *'' Porpidia hydrophila'' *'' Porpidia hypostictica'' – China *'' Porpidia irrigua'' *'' Porpidia islandica'' - Scotland and Iceland *'' Porpidia littoralis'' – Australia *'' Porpidia lowiana'' *'' Porpidia macrocarpa'' *'' Porpidia melinodes'' *'' Porpidia nadvornikiana'' *'' Porpidia navarina'' – Chile *'' Porpidia ochrolemma'' *'' Porpidia pachythallina'' - British Isles * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumpolar Distribution
A circumpolar distribution is any range of a taxon that occurs over a wide range of longitudes but only at high latitudes; such a range therefore extends all the way around either the North Pole or the South Pole. Taxa that are also found in isolated high-mountain environments further from the poles are said to have arctic–alpine distributions. Animals with circumpolar distributions include the reindeer, polar bear, Arctic fox, snowy owl, snow bunting, king eider, brent goose and long-tailed skua in the north, and the Weddell seal The Weddell seal (''Leptonychotes weddellii'') is a relatively large and abundant true seal with a circumpolar distribution surrounding Antarctica. The Weddell seal was discovered and named in the 1820s during expeditions led by British seali ... and Adélie penguin in the south. Plants with northern circumpolar distributions include '' Eutrema edwardsii'' (syn. ''Draba laevigata''), '' Saxifraga oppositifolia'', '' Persicaria vivipara'' an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propagules
In biology, a propagule is any material that functions in propagating an organism to the next stage in its life cycle, such as by dispersal. The propagule is usually distinct in form from the parent organism. Propagules are produced by organisms such as plants (in the form of seeds or spores), fungi (in the form of spores), and bacteria (for example endospores or microbial cysts). In disease biology, pathogens are said to generate infectious propagules, the units that transmit a disease. These can refer to bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists, and can be contained within host material. For instance, for influenza, the infectious propagules are carried in droplets of host saliva or mucus that are expelled during coughing or sneezing. In horticulture, a propagule is any plant material used for the purpose of plant propagation. In asexual reproduction, a propagule is often a stem cutting. In some plants, a leaf section or a portion of root can be used. In sexual reproduction, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genetic Drift
Genetic drift, also known as allelic drift or the Wright effect, is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random chance. Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation. It can also cause initially rare alleles to become much more frequent and even fixed. When few copies of an allele exist, the effect of genetic drift is more notable, and when many copies exist, the effect is less notable. In the middle of the 20th century, vigorous debates occurred over the relative importance of natural selection versus neutral processes, including genetic drift. Ronald Fisher, who explained natural selection using Mendelian genetics, held the view that genetic drift plays at most a minor role in evolution, and this remained the dominant view for several decades. In 1968, population geneticist Motoo Kimura rekindled the debate with his neutral theory of molecular evolution, which claims ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iceland
Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its surrounding areas) is home to over 65% of the population. Iceland is the biggest part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that rises above sea level, and its central volcanic plateau is erupting almost constantly. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, and most of its islands have a polar climate. According to the ancient manuscript , the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_Hertel_&_Knoph_271655.jpg "Click for more on -> Huilia")
