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Politics Of Romania
Romania's political framework is a Semi-presidential republic, semi-presidential representative republic where the Prime Minister of Romania, Prime Minister is the head of government while the President of Romania, President, according to the Constitution, has at least in theory a more symbolic role, is responsible for the foreign policy, signs certain decrees, approves laws promulgated by the parliament, and nominates the head of government (i.e. Prime Minister of Romania, Prime Minister). Romania has a multi-party system, with Legislature, legislative power vested in the government and the Bicameralism, two chambers of the Parliament of Romania, Parliament, more specifically the Chamber of Deputies (Romania), Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of Romania, Senate. The judiciary is Judicial independence, independent of the executive and the legislature in theory. From 1948 until 1989, the Socialist Republic of Romania, communist rule political structure took place in the framewor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Romania
Romania elects on a national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term (after a change from four-year terms after the 2004 election). The Parliament of Romania, Romanian Parliament () has two bicameralism, chambers. The Chamber of Deputies (Romania), Chamber of Deputies () currently has 330 members (after the 2020 Romanian legislative election, last legislative elections), elected for a four-year term by party-list proportional representation on closed lists. The Senate of Romania, Senate () currently has 136 members (after the last legislative elections), elected for a four-year term by party-list proportional representation on closed lists. Romania has a Multi-party system, multi-party system, with numerous Political party, parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. On 25 November 2007, for the first time, Romania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-party System
In political science, a multi-party system is a political system where more than two meaningfully-distinct political parties regularly run for office and win elections. Multi-party systems tend to be more common in countries using proportional representation compared to those using winner-take-all elections, a result known as Duverger's law. In these countries, usually no single party has a parliamentary majority by itself ( hung parliaments). Instead, multiple political parties must negotiate to form a coalition with a majority of the vote, in order to make substantial changes. Comparisons with other party systems Unlike a one-party system (or a dominant-party system), a multi-party system encourages the general constituency to form multiple distinct, officially recognized groups, generally called political parties. Each party competes for votes from the enfranchised constituents (those allowed to vote). A multi-party system prevents the leadership of a single party fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Policy
Foreign policy, also known as external policy, is the set of strategies and actions a State (polity), state employs in its interactions with other states, unions, and international entities. It encompasses a wide range of objectives, including defense and security, economic benefits, and humanitarian assistance. The formulation of foreign policy is influenced by various factors such as domestic considerations, the behavior of other states, and geopolitical strategies. Historically, the practice of foreign policy has evolved from managing short-term crises to addressing long-term international relations, with diplomatic corps playing a crucial role in its development. The objectives of foreign policy are diverse and interconnected, contributing to a comprehensive approach for each state. Defense and security are often primary goals, with states forming military alliances and employing soft power to combat threats. Economic interests, including trade agreements and foreign aid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Head Of Government
In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet (government), cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments. In diplomacy, "head of government" is differentiated from "head of state". The authority of a head of government, such as a president, chancellor, or prime minister, and the relationship between that position and other state institutions, such as the relation between the head of state and of the legislature, varies greatly among sovereign states, depending largely on the particular system of the government that has been chosen, won, or evolved over time. In most parliamentary systems, including constitutional monarchies, the head of government is the ''de facto'' political leader of the government, and is answerable to at least ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semi-presidential Republic
A semi-presidential republic, or dual executive republic, is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has an executive president independent of the legislature; and from the presidential system in that the cabinet, although named by the president, is responsible to the legislature, which may force the cabinet to resign through a motion of no confidence. While the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and Finland (from 1919 to 2000) exemplified early semi-presidential systems, the term "semi-presidential" was first introduced in 1959, in an article by the journalist Hubert Beuve-Méry, and popularized by a 1978 work written by the political scientist Maurice Duverger. Both men intended to describe the French Fifth Republic (established in 1958). Definition Maurice Duverger's original definition of semi-presidenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Court Of Romania
The Constitutional Court of Romania () is the institution which rules on whether the laws, decrees or other bills enacted by Romanian authorities are in conformity with the Constitution. It consists of nine members serving nine-year terms which cannot be extended, with three members each appointed by the President, the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Three members are renewed every 3 years. Powers According to the Article 146 of the Constitution, the Constitutional Court exercises the following powers: * to adjudicate on the constitutionality of laws, before promulgation, upon notification by the President of Romania, by the President of either Chamber of Parliament, by the Government, the Supreme Court of Justice, by a number of at least 50 Deputies or at least 25 Senators, as well as, ''ex officio'', on initiatives to revise the Constitution * to adjudicate on the constitutionality of the Standing Orders of Parliament, upon notification by the President of either Chamber, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Court Of Cassation And Justice
The High Court of Cassation and Justice () is Romania's supreme court. It is the equivalent of France's Cour de Cassation and serves a similar function to other courts of cassation around the world. Naming history It held various names during its existence: "Curtea Supremă" (Supreme Court) and "Tribunalul Suprem" (Supreme Tribunal) during the Communist period (1948–1952 and 1952–1989 respectively), and "Curtea Supremă de Justiție" (Supreme Court of Justice) from 1990 to 2003. The name "Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție" was re-introduced in 2003, having been also used during the United Principalities (1862–1881) and Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947). Administration The court is led by a president, seconded by a vice-president and the leading council. Since September 2019, its president is Corina-Alina Corbu. The general assembly of the court's judges assigns two members for the Superior Council of Magistrature. The same assembly approves the annual activity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judiciary Of Romania
The judiciary of Romania is organized as a hierarchical system of courts, with a civil law (legal system), civil law system. Provisions regarding its structure and organization are found in the Constitution of Romania, Constitution and Law no. 304/2022 on judicial organization. The civil courts are organized as follows: *High Court of Cassation and Justice (''Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie'') *15 appellate court, Courts of Appeal (''curţi de apel'') *41 county courts and the Bucharest Municipal Court (''tribunale'') *188 Local courts (''judecătorii''). Each court is run by a court president, who is responsible for its management and public relations. Within most courts there are specialized sections or panels for Civil law (area), civil and Criminal law, criminal cases, as well as other areas of the law. A number of specialized courts (''tribunale specializate'') also exist, such as the Argeș Commercial Court and the Braşov Family Court. The Constitutional Court of R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victoria Palace
The Victoria Palace () is a government building on the large Victory Square () in Bucharest, housing the Prime Minister of Romania and his cabinet. The Victory Palace was designed in 1937 to house the Foreign Ministry, and nearly complete in 1944. It was designed by architect Duiliu Marcu (1885–1966), who had designed many major buildings in 1920s and 30s Romania, including many major government projects in the 1930s and 40s. The Victory Palace is a stylised monumental classical design, with an arcaded ground level, a long colonnade of slim piers on the main front, and two recessed top floors. The facades were entirely clad in Carrara marble, with reliefs in the panels at either end, and there were generously decorated interiors. The building suffered heavy damage in the 1944 German bombing of Bucharest in World War II. It then underwent significant restoration and reconstruction works, being reclad in travertine, without the reliefs and less ornate interiors, finally open ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Ciolacu Cabinet
The Second Ciolacu Cabinet was the 134th government of Romania, since 23 December 2024. The government was led by Marcel Ciolacu who was the leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) until his resignation in 2025 and the withdrawal of support for the government by his party. Cătălin Predoiu has been appointed to lead the government in acting capacity on 6 May. The cabinet is the result of the Coalition talks following the 2024 Romanian legislative election. Following the results of the 2025 Romanian presidential election, Marcel Ciolacu Ion Marcel Ciolacu (; born 28 November 1967) is a Romanian politician who served as the prime minister of Romania from 2023 to 2025. He was the leader of the Social Democratic Party (Romania), Social Democratic Party (PSD). As a previously littl ... announced that PSD would leave A.Ro, and resigned from the position of Prime Minister, which resulted in the collapse of the coalition. Composition Party breakdown References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Romania
The Government of Romania () forms one half of the executive branch of the government of Romania (the other half being the office of the President of Romania). It is headed by the Prime Minister of Romania, and consists of the ministries, various subordinate institutions and agencies, and the 42 prefectures. The seat of the Romanian Government is at Victoria Palace in Bucharest. The Government is the public authority of executive power that functions on the basis of the vote of confidence granted by Parliament, ensuring the achievement of the country's domestic and foreign policy and that exercises the general leadership of public administration. The Government is appointed by the President of Romania on the basis of the vote of confidence granted to the Government by the Parliament of Romania. Overview Current government As of 5 May 2025, previous Prime Minister, Marcel Ciolacu, resigned, from his position as both Prime Minister, and leader of the largest party in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
