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Politics Of Kazakhstan
The politics of Kazakhstan takes place in the framework of a semi-presidential republic, whereby the President of Kazakhstan is head of state and nominates the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. None of the elections held in Kazakhstan have been considered free or fair by Western standards with issues noted including ballot tampering, multiple voting, harassment of opposition candidates and press censorship. Executive branch The president is elected by popular vote for five-year term.The prime minister and first deputy prime minister are appointed by the president. Council of Ministers is also appointed by the president. President Nazarbayev expanded his presidential powers by decree: only he can initiate constitutional amendments, appoint and dismiss the government, dissolve Parliament, call referendums at his discretion, and appoint administrative heads o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Kazakhstan
The prime minister of Kazakhstan is the head of government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the holder of its fourth highest office, after the president of Kazakhstan, the chairman of Senate, and the chairman of Majilis. The prime minister heads the cabinet and advises the president in the every day execution of the functions of the Parliament of Kazakhstan. During the Soviet period, the post was formerly known as the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic prior to its independence in 1991. The current incumbent prime minister is Oljas Bektenov, who replaced Roman Sklyar on 6 February 2024 after the government's resignation. List (1917–present) This is a list of prime ministers of Kazakhstan from the establishment of the office in 1917 to the present day. Alash Autonomy (1917–1920) Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1925) Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars * Viktor Radus-Zenkovich (12 October 192 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of Kazakhstan
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the highest of three levels of courts of Kazakhstan, sitting above regional appeals courts, and city or district courts (courts of first instance). The Supreme Judicial Council recommends nominee Supreme Court judges to the President of Kazakhstan; the president then submits the nominees to the Senate of Kazakhstan for a vote of confirmation. History Under the original constitution of Kazakhstan in 1993, there were three high courts: the Constitutional Court (Конституционный суд), the Arbitration Court (Высший Арбитражный суд), and the Supreme Court. In 1995, the new constitution, along with the new presidential decree "On the courts and the status of courts in the Republic of Kazakhstan" altered the structure of the judiciary and decreased the executive branch's power over it; the Arbitration Court was eliminated, while the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court were separated more clea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assembly Of People Of Kazakhstan
The Assembly of People of Kazakhstan () is a national political body in Kazakhstan consisting of delegates of the Regional Assemblies of the People. Its task is to represent the various ethnic groups that make up the Central Asian state at national level and to strengthen ethnic/religious coexistence in Kazakh society. It was established in 1995 by President Nursultan Nazarbayev, who served as assembly chairman until April 2021. The assembly is presently chaired by Kazakhstan's president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. Organization The APK consists of 384 representatives of all ethnic groups living in Kazakhstan drawn from the Regional Assemblies of the People. The law provides that all APK decisions be considered by public authorities and civil society institutions; APK Deputies participate in the legislative process and can propose legislation. APK Deputies elected 9 members to the Mäjilis until 2023 and the APK reviews all parliamentary laws to ensure that they are in conformity wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senators For Life
A senator for life is a member of the senate or equivalent upper chamber of a legislature who has life tenure. , five Italian senators out of 205, two out of the 41 Burundian senators, one Congolese senator out of 109, and all members of the British House of Lords (apart from the 26 Lords Spiritual who are expected to retire at the age of 70) have lifetime tenure (although Lords can choose to resign or retire or can be expelled in cases of misconduct). Several South American countries once granted lifetime membership to former presidents but have since abolished the practice. Democratic Republic of the Congo The 2006 constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo grants lifetime membership in the Senate to former presidents of the Republic. As of 2019, Joseph Kabila is the only senator for life after serving as president from 2001 to 2019. The 1964 Congolese constitution also provided for life membership in the Senate for former presidents. Italy In Italy, a se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of Kazakhstan
The Senate of Kazakhstan (, ''Қазақстан Парламентінің Сенаты'', ) is the upper house of two chambers in Kazakhstan's legislature, known as the Parliament (''Parlamenti''). The Senate is composed of elected members: two from each region and two from three municipalities which are Almaty, Astana, and Shymkent. Deputies of the Senate are elected through indirect suffrage by secret ballot. Local legislative bodies ('' mäslihats'') elect senators, while half of the elected members are up for re-election every three years, ensuring continuous turnover while maintaining institutional stability. Additionally, ten members of the Senate are appointed by the president of Kazakhstan, ensuring that various national, cultural, and professional communities are adequately represented. The Senate serves as a check on the legislative process, with a key responsibility of reviewing and amending laws passed by the Mäjilis, the lower house of Parliament. It also pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bicameralism
Bicameralism is a type of legislature that is divided into two separate Deliberative assembly, assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single group. , roughly 40% of the world's national legislatures are bicameral, while unicameralism represents 60% nationally and much more at the subnational level. Often, the members of the two chambers are elected or selected by different methods, which vary from Jurisdiction (area), jurisdiction to jurisdiction. This can often lead to the two chambers having very different compositions of members. Enactment of a bill, Enactment of primary legislation often requires a concurrent majority—the approval of a majority of members in each of the chambers of the legislature. When this is the case, the legislature may be called an example of perfect bicameralism. However, in many parliamentary and semi-presidential systems, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Kazakhstan
The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the bicameral legislature of Kazakhstan, consisting of the upper house, the Senate, and the lower house, the Mäjilis. Both chambers conduct legislative sessions at the Parliament House in the capital of Astana. The Mäjilis, the lower house, has 98 seats. Members are elected for five-year terms through a mixed-member majoritarian representation system. The Mäjilis plays a role in Kazakhstan’s legislative process, responsible for passing laws, approving the national budget, ratifying international treaties, and overseeing the executive branch. It also holds significant power in confirming key government appointments, such as the Prime Minister and cabinet members. The Senate, the upper house, consists of 50 deputies who are appointed either by local legislative bodies ('' mäslihats''), the President, or the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan for six-year terms. The Senate's responsibilities include reviewing and approving laws ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legislature
A legislature (, ) is a deliberative assembly with the legal authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country, nation or city on behalf of the people therein. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers of government. Legislatures can exist at different levels of government–national, state/provincial/regional, local, even supranational (such as the European Parliament). Countries differ as to what extent they grant deliberative assemblies at the subnational law-making power, as opposed to purely administrative responsibilities. Laws enacted by legislatures are usually known as primary legislation. In addition, legislatures may observe and steer governing actions, with authority to amend the budget involved. The members of a legislature are called legislators. In a democracy, legislators are most commonly popularly elected, although indirect election and appointment by the executive are also used, particularly for bicameral legis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bakhytzhan Sagintayev
Bakhytzhan Abdiruly Sagintayev (, , , ; born 13 October 1963) is a Kazakh politician who was a Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, from 9 September 2016 until his resignation on 21 February 2019. He served as the Äkim of Almaty from 28 June 2019 until he was replaced by Erbolat Dosaev on 31 January 2022 following the 2022 Kazakh unrest which greatly affected the city. Early life and education Sagintayev was born in the village of Usharal. His father, Abdyr Sagintayev (1921–1986), was a World War II veteran who worked as the director of the Talas Sheep Breeding Plant. In 1985, Sagintayev graduated from the Kazakh State University with a degree in economics. That same year, he became a lecturer at the Department of Political Economy of the Alma-Ata Institute of National Economy. From 1988 to 1992, he worked at the Kazakh State University, where he went from an assistant to an assistant professor of sociology. After Kazakhstan's independence from the Soviet Union, Sagintayev was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organization For Security And Cooperation In Europe
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization comprising member states in Europe, North America, and Asia. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, the promotion of human rights, freedom of the press, and free and fair elections. It employs around 3,460 people, mostly in its field operations but also in its secretariat in Vienna, Austria, and its institutions. It has observer status at the United Nations. The OSCE had its origins in 1975: its predecessors came together during the era of the Cold War to form a forum for discussion between the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. Most of its 57 participating countries are in Europe, but with some members in Asia or in North America. The participating countries comprise much of the land area of the Northern Hemisphere. The OSCE is concerned with early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management, and post-conflict rehabilitation. Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
