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Pindown
Pindown was a method of behaviour management used in children's homes in Staffordshire, England in the 1980s. It involved isolating children, sometimes for weeks on end, and in some cases drove children to the verge of suicide. Following expressions of concern, the council ordered a public inquiry into the practice of "Pindown". The subsequent report condemned the practice as "unethical, unprofessional and illegal"; the report had a major impact on children's law in the United Kingdom. Background Staffordshire children's homes were, in the 1980s, an underfunded and understaffed part of a department that was required to find £1.5M in cuts. They were also severely overcrowded; the log books of The Birches notes that on one occasion, 30 children were playing five-a-side football whilst that of 245 Hartshill Road records an instance of 20 children playing the game; in each case, the maximum number of residents in each home was exactly half those recorded - 15 at The Birches and 10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allan Levy
Allan Edward Levy was a barrister specialising in family law and an advocate of children's rights. He is best known for his chairmanship of the Pindown Enquiry and, as a result of the public exposure the enquiry brought, he was much in demand as a speaker at family law conferences within the United Kingdom and internationally. Early years Levy was born on 17 August 1942 at the infirmary in Bury, Lancashire. He was the only child of Sidney Levy, a radio engineer, and his wife Mabel (née Lewis). The family lived in Prestwich, now part of Greater Manchester, but at that time in Lancashire; Levy remained a proud Lancastrian throughout his life. Education At the age of 11, Levy won a place at Bury Grammar School and, by the time he was in the upper sixth, had been appointed a prefect and captain of the 3rd XI soccer team. After sitting 'A' levels in English, history and geography, he went up to the University of Hull to read law. Although he was far from diligent in his studies, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbara Kahan
Barbara Joan Kahan OBE born Barbara Joan Langridge (18 March 1920 – 6 August 2000) was a British social worker. She rose to chair the National Children's Bureau and to co-chair the Pindown Enquiry. Description Kahan was born in Horsted Keynes in 1920. Her parents, Alfred George and Emily Kathleen Langridge were Methodists and keen on reading. Her father was to become a railway station master. Her family believed in working for their community but it was at Barbara's prompting that she gained an adopted sister who was a Jewish girl escaping persecution in Europe. Kahan studied English literature at Newnham College, Cambridge between 1939 and 1942, where she was active in politics. She then studied for the Diploma in Social Science at the London School of Economics. She became a factory inspector in 1943. The 1948 Children's Act created the role of "Children's Officer" and Kahan was appointed to one of these new roles in Dudley. As part of her work she opened their first Childr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Master Of Arts
A Master of Arts ( or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA or AM) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Those admitted to the degree have typically studied subjects within the scope of the humanities and social sciences, such as history, literature, languages, linguistics, public administration, political science, communication studies, law or diplomacy; however, different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the natural sciences and mathematics. The degree can be conferred in respect of completing courses and passing examinations, research, or a combination of the two. The degree of Master of Arts traces its origins to the teaching license or of the University of Paris, designed to produce "masters" who were graduate teachers of their subjects. Europe Czech Republic and Slovakia Like all EU membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Department Of Health (United Kingdom)
The Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) is a Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom, ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for government policy on health and adult social care matters in England, along with a few elements of the same matters which are not otherwise devolved to the Scottish Government, Welsh Government or Northern Ireland Executive. It oversees the English National Health Service (NHS). The department is led by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care with three ministers of state and three parliamentary under-secretaries of state. The department develops policies and guidelines to improve the quality of care and to meet patient expectations. It carries out some of its work through Quango, arms-length bodies (ALBs), including executive non-departmental public bodies such as NHS England and the NHS Digital, and executive agencies such as the UK Health Security Agency and the Medicines and He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staffordshire Constabulary
Staffordshire Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent in the West Midlands of England. It is made up of 11 local policing teams, whose boundaries are matched to the nine local authorities within Staffordshire. History A combined force covering Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent, called Staffordshire County and Stoke-on-Trent Constabulary, was established on 1 January 1968, as a merger of the Staffordshire County Police and Stoke-on-Trent City Police. This force lost areas to the new West Midlands Police in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 and adopted a shorter name. Under proposals made by the Home Secretary on 6 February 2006, it would have merged with Warwickshire Constabulary, West Mercia Constabulary and West Midlands Police to form a single strategic force for the West Midlands region. However these plans have not been taken forward largely due to public opposition. For 2005/06 Staffordshire police toppe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Children's Society
The Children's Society, formally the Church of England Children's Society, is a United Kingdom national children's charity (registered No. 221124) allied to the Church of England. The charity's objectives are to improve the lives of children and young people and the related social attitudes. History The Children's Society was founded in the late nineteenth century by Edward Rudolf, a Sunday School teacher and civil servant in South London. Rudolf led a deputation to Archibald Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury to establish Church of England children's homes as an alternative to the large workhouses and orphanages common at that time. In 1881, the Church of England Central Home for Waifs and Strays was registered. It took the name Church of England Incorporated Society for Providing Homes for Waifs and Strays in 1893. In 1946, the title was changed to the Church of England Children's Society and it adopted the informal title of The Children's Society in 1982. The first home was ope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of The United Kingdom
His Majesty's Government, abbreviated to HM Government or otherwise UK Government, is the central government, central executive authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Overview of the UK system of government : Directgov – Government, citizens and rights Archived direct.gov.uk webpage. Retrieved on 29 August 2014. The government is led by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, prime minister (Keir Starmer since 5 July 2024) who appoints all the other British Government frontbench, ministers. The country has had a Labour Party (UK), Labour government since 2024 United Kingdom general election, 2024. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Children Act 1989
The Children Act 1989 (c. 41) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that received royal assent on 16 November 1989 and came into substantial force across all three jurisdictions of the United Kingdom on 14 October 1991. In 1995, for the purposes of devolution, the Act was replaced by parallel legislation in Scotland and Northern Ireland. In 2016, Part III of the Act was replaced in Wales. The Act is described as the most substantial reforms to children's law of the 20th century. The Act allocates duties to local authorities, courts, parents, and other agencies in the United Kingdom, to ensure children are safeguarded and their welfare is promoted. It centres on the idea that children are best cared for within their own families; however, it also makes provisions for instances when parents and families do not co-operate with statutory bodies. Passage The Children Bill was announced as part of the Queen's Speech on 22 November 1988 and formally introduced to the House of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Children And Young Persons Act 1933
The Children and Young Persons Act 1933 ( 23 & 24 Geo. 5. c. 12) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It consolidated all existing child protection legislation for England and Wales into one act. It was preceded by the Children and Young Persons Act 1920 and the Children Act 1908 ( 8 Edw. 7. c. 67). It is modified by the Children and Young Persons Act 1963, the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 and the Children and Young Persons Act 2008. Content The Children and Young Persons Act 1933 raised the minimum age for execution to eighteen, raised the age of criminal responsibility from seven to eight, included guidelines on the employment of school-age children, set a minimum working age of fourteen, and made it illegal for adults to sell cigarettes or other tobacco products to children under sixteen. The act is worded to ensure that adults and not children are responsible for enforcing it. In 1932, 16-year-old, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bill Of Rights 1689
The Bill of Rights 1689 (sometimes known as the Bill of Rights 1688) is an Act of Parliament (United Kingdom), act of the Parliament of England that set out certain basic civil rights and changed the succession to the Monarchy of England, English Crown. It remains a crucial statute in UK constitutional law, English constitutional law. Largely based on the ideas of political theorist John Locke, the Bill sets out a constitutional requirement for the Crown to seek the consent of the people as represented in Parliament of England, Parliament. As well as setting limits on the powers of the monarch, it established the rights of Parliament, including regular parliaments, free elections, and parliamentary privilege. It also listed individual rights, including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and the right not to pay taxes levied without the approval of Parliament. Finally, it described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England, James II of England. The Bill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manpower Services Commission
The Manpower Services Commission (MSC) was a non-departmental public body of the Department of Employment in the United Kingdom created by Edward Heath's Conservative Government on 1 January 1974 under the terms of the Employment and Training Act 1973. The MSC had a remit to co-ordinate employment and training services in the UK through a ten-member commission drawn from industry, trade unions, local authorities and education interests. This was an example of the contemporary corporatist influence on British economic policy. MSC agencies The MSC originally had two executive agencies, the Employment Services Agency and the Training Services Agency. A third agency the Special Programmes Division was established, the body was led by Geoffrey Holland of the Policy and Planning Division under the overall management of Sir John Cassells. The Policy and Planning Division was initially based in Selkirk House, High Holborn, London and later moved to the Moorfoot Building in S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Association Of Social Workers
The British Association of Social Workers (BASW) is the largest professional association of registered social workers in the United Kingdom. The association has a members' code of ethics that outlines best social work practice and works to support social workers and care managers through education and resources. Headquartered in Birmingham, BASW has regional offices in England (Birmingham), Northern Ireland (Belfast), Scotland (Edinburgh), Wales (Swyddfa Cymru) (Cardiff), and North Wales (Cymru Gogledd) (Colwyn Bay). History BASW was formed in 1970 by the amalgamation of the Association of Child Care Officers, the Association of Family Case Workers, the Association of Psychiatric Social Workers, the Association of Social Workers, the Institute of Medical Social Workers, the Moral Welfare Workers' Association, and the Society of Mental Welfare Officers. These were all members of the Standing Conference of Organisations of Social Workers (SCOSW), which had been formed in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
