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Pierre-sur-Haute - Télégraphie Optique
Pierre-sur-Haute (; ) is the highest point of the Forez mountains (1,631 m) in the Massif Central, at the boundary of the Loire ( Sauvain) and Puy-de-Dôme (Job) departments. It is also the highest point in the Loire department. Geology Pierre-sur-Haute is a mountain composed of gneiss and granite, rocks that are remnants of an ancient mountain range that appeared in the Paleozoic era, 300 million years ago. This ancient Hercynian relief was subsequently leveled during the Mesozoic era due to erosion, resulting in a tabular relief. Following the Alpine orogeny, the Forez mountains were rejuvenated, faults appeared, and this granite block was uplifted ( horst). Pierre-sur-Haute is the highest point of this uplifted block. References See also * Chalmazel Ski Resort * Livradois-Forez Regional Natural Park Livradois-Forez Regional Natural Park (, ) is a regional natural park located on three French department : Puy-de-Dôme, Haute-Loire and Loire (department), Loire. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forez Mountains
The Forez mountains (, ) are a mountain range in the Massif Central separating the Dore (river), Dore valley from the Forez plain. They reach their highest point at Pierre-sur-Haute, with an altitude of 1,631 meters. Geography Location The Forez mountains are located in the Departments of France, departments of Loire (department), Loire, Haute-Loire, and Puy-de-Dôme. The massif is situated northwest of the city of Saint-Étienne and southeast of Thiers, Puy-de-Dôme, Thiers. It overlooks the Forez plain (to the east) and the Dore valley (to the west). Geology The base of the Forez mountains consists of igneous rocks (granites) and metamorphic rocks (gneiss). The formation of the range occurred during the Paleozoic Era. In the Tertiary period, Tertiary Period, the Alpine cycle created the current landscape with mountains and valleys. This episode ended with a Miocene volcanic phase. The Quaternary glaciations then eroded the landscape to give it its present form. Fauna and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variscan Orogeny
The Variscan orogeny, or Hercynian orogeny, was a geologic mountain-building event caused by Late Paleozoic continental collision between Euramerica (Laurussia) and Gondwana to form the supercontinent of Pangaea. Nomenclature The name ''Variscan'' comes from the Medieval Latin name for the district '' Variscia'', the home of a Germanic tribe, the Varisci; Eduard Suess, professor of geology at the University of Vienna, coined the term in 1880. ( Variscite, a rare green mineral first discovered in the Vogtland district of Saxony in Germany, which is in the Variscan belt, has the same etymology.) ''Hercynian'', on the other hand, derives from the Hercynian Forest. Both words were descriptive terms of strike directions observed by geologists in the field, ''variscan'' for southwest to northeast, ''hercynian'' for northwest to southeast. The ''variscan'' direction reflected the direction of ancient fold belts cropping out throughout Germany and adjacent countries and the meanin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountains Of Puy-de-Dôme
A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher than a hill, typically rising at least above the surrounding land. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in mountain ranges. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces, erosion, or volcanism, which act on time scales of up to tens of millions of years. Once mountain building ceases, mountains are slowly leveled through the action of weathering, through slumping and other forms of mass wasting, as well as through erosion by rivers and glaciers. High elevations on mountains produce colder climates than at sea level at similar latitude. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains: different elevations have different plants and animals. Because of the less hospitable terrain and climate, mountains te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre-sur-Haute Military Radio Station
The Pierre-sur-Haute military radio station is a French military communications site that has been in use since 1913. The station is located on a hilltop in the Sauvain and Job communes 45.6531°N 3.8084°E. The site contains three towers, the tallest of which is a 55-metre-high civilian telecommunication tower owned by . In April 2013, the French interior intelligence agency DCRI pressured the president of Wikimedia France, Rémi Mathis, into deleting the French-language Wikipedia article about the station. It was then promptly restored by another Wikipedia contributor living in Switzerland. As a result of the controversy, the article temporarily became the most read page on the French Wikipedia, which was noted as an example of the Streisand effect. History In 1913, a semaphore telegraph station () was built where the military radio station is now. At the time, it was a small stone building, with a semaphore on top. In 1961, during the Cold War, NATO asked the French Army ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livradois-Forez Regional Natural Park
Livradois-Forez Regional Natural Park (, ) is a regional natural park located on three French department : Puy-de-Dôme, Haute-Loire and Loire (department), Loire. The two biggest urban areas are Thiers, Puy-de-Dôme, Thiers (19,000 inhabitants) and Ambert (11,000 inhabitants). Courpière, Billom and Vic-le-Comte have a secondary place in the territory. Presentation The park is managed by several structures on a cooperation basis. There is the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, Puy-de-Dôme, Haute-Loire and Loire's departments, by 24 EPCI (French: Établissements publics de coopération intercommunale, which are Public institutions of intercommunal cooperation) and also by 164 towns certified parc naturel régional (Regional natural park). Since March 2008, Tony Bernard, Châteldon's mayor, presides the park. The certified zone of the park covers an area of 311,035 hectares. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalmazel Ski Resort
Chalmazel or Chalmazel – Pierre-sur-Haute is a winter sports resort located in the Massif Central, within the commune of Chalmazel-Jeansagnière in the Loire (department), Loire Departments of France, department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its alpine ski area stretches from 1,109 to 1,600 meters above sea level on the slopes of Pierre-sur-Haute, the highest point of the Monts du Forez (1,634 meters), between the forest and the wild high moors (''les hautes Chaumes''). The first pistes were laid out in the 1930s, and the first lift was built in 1953 on the initiative of the local ski club. Today, the site boasts 12 kilometers of Alpine skiing, downhill ski runs served by 1 detachable bubble chairlift, 7 Surface lift, drag lifts, and equipped with 90 Snowmaking, snow guns. There's also cross-country skiing on the Haut Forez Nordic ski area at Col de la Loze, Col de la Loge, and snowkiting on the high altitude bare plateaus. In the summer, Chalmazel offers a variety of act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horst (geology)
In physical geography and geology, a horst is a raised fault block bounded by Fault (geology), normal faults. Horsts are typically found together with grabens. While a horst is lifted or remains stationary, the grabens on either side Subsidence, subside. This is often caused by Extensional tectonics, extensional forces pulling apart the crust. Horsts may represent features such as plateaus, mountains, or ridges on either side of a valley. Horsts can range in size from small fault blocks up to large regions of stable continent that have not been folded or warped by tectonic forces. The word ''Horst'' in German language, German means "mass" or "heap" and was first used in the geological sense in 1883 by Eduard Suess in ''The Face of the Earth.''Originally published in 1883 in German as "Das Antlitz der Erde", translated and published in English in 1904 Geomorphology Horsts may have either symmetrical or asymmetrical cross-sections. If the normal faults to either side have similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erosion
Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as Surface runoff, water flow or wind) that removes soil, Rock (geology), rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust#Crust, Earth's crust and then sediment transport, transports it to another location where it is deposit (geology), deposited. Erosion is distinct from weathering which involves no movement. Removal of rock or soil as clastic sediment is referred to as ''physical'' or ''mechanical'' erosion; this contrasts with ''chemical'' erosion, where soil or rock material is removed from an area by Solvation, dissolution. Eroded sediment or solutes may be transported just a few millimetres, or for thousands of kilometres. Agents of erosion include rainfall; bedrock wear in rivers; coastal erosion by the sea and Wind wave, waves; glacier, glacial Plucking (glaciation), plucking, Abrasion (geology), abrasion, and scour; areal flooding; Aeolian processes, wind abrasion; groundwater processes; and Mass wastin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era is the Era (geology), era of Earth's Geologic time scale, geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Period (geology), Periods. It is characterized by the dominance of archosaurian reptiles such as the dinosaurs, and of Gymnosperm, gymnosperms such as cycads, ginkgoaceae and Araucariaceae, araucarian conifers; a hot Greenhouse and icehouse earth, greenhouse climate; and the tectonic break-up of Pangaea. The Mesozoic is the middle of the three eras since Cambrian explosion, complex life evolved: the Paleozoic, the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic. The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction whose victims included the non-avian dinosaurs, Pterosaur, pterosaurs, Mosasaur, mosasaurs, and Plesiosaur, plesiosaurs. The Mesozoic was a time of significant tectonic, climatic, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleozoic
The Paleozoic ( , , ; or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three Era (geology), geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Beginning 538.8 million years ago (Ma), it succeeds the Neoproterozoic (the last era of the Proterozoic Eon) and ends 251.9 Ma at the start of the Mesozoic Era. The Paleozoic is subdivided into six period (geology), geologic periods (from oldest to youngest), Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Some geological timescales divide the Paleozoic informally into early and late sub-eras: the Early Paleozoic consisting of the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian; the Late Paleozoic consisting of the Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. The name ''Paleozoic'' was first used by Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873) in 1838 to describe the Cambrian and Ordovician periods. It was redefined by John Phillips (geologist), John Phillips (1800–1874) in 1840 to cover the Cambrian to Permian periods. It is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek ''palaiós'' (πΠ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
