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Phyllocoptes Malinus
''Phyllocoptes malinus'', also known as the apple leaf mite, is a species of mite belonging to the genus ''Phyllocoptes''. It causes a gall, which is a swelling on the external tissues, on the leaves of apples (''Malus'' species). The mite is found in Europe and was first described by the Austrian zoologist Alfred Nalepa in 1892. Description of the gall Sometimes mistaken for a fungal infection, various species of mite develop irregular rust-like erineum; the commonest is caused by the apple leaf mite. The mites live and feed amongst minute, globular or wooly hairs on either side of the leaf, during the summer. The erineum are whitish-pink or red at first, later becoming rust-brown. Purple leaved varieties of ''M. sylvestris'' are particularly colourful. Infected leaves may fall in the late summer but the mites do not have a serious effect on the host tree. During the winter the mites are dormant living in the buds or under loose bark. The apple leaf mite is monophagous on speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Nalepa
Alfred Nalepa (19 December 1856, in Werschetz – 11 December 1929, in Baden bei Wien) was an Austrian zoologist specializing in the field of acarology. He studied natural sciences at the University of Vienna, and from 1886 was associated with the ''Lehrerbildungsanstalt'' in Linz. In 1892 he returned to Vienna, where he was appointed professor of natural history at the ''Elisabethgymnasium''. He described many species in the field of acarology, and was the taxonomic authority of the gall mite family, Eriophyidae. Principal works * ''Beiträge zur Systematik der Phytopten'', 1889 - Contribution to the systematics of Phytoptidae. * ''Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Phyllocoptiden'', 1894 - Contribution to the knowledge of ''Phyllocoptes ''Phyllocoptes'' is a genus of acari, including the following species: * '' Phyllocoptes abaenus'' Keifer, 1940 * '' Phyllocoptes adalius'' Keifer, 1939 * '' Phyllocoptes alniborealis'' Liro, 1950 * '' Phyllocoptes alniincanae'' Roivainen, 194 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophagous
A generalist species is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources (for example, a heterotroph with a varied diet). A specialist species can thrive only in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet. Most organisms do not all fit neatly into either group, however. Some species are highly specialized (the most extreme case being monophagous, eating one specific type of food), others less so, and some can tolerate many different environments. In other words, there is a continuum from highly specialized to broadly generalist species. Description Omnivores are usually generalists. Herbivores are often specialists, but those that eat a variety of plants may be considered generalists. A well-known example of a specialist animal is the monophagous koala, which subsists almost entirely on eucalyptus leaves. The raccoon is a generalist, because it has a natural range that includes most of Nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnids Of Europe
Arachnida () is a class of joint-legged invertebrate animals (arthropods), in the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and vinegaroons. Almost all adult arachnids have eight legs, although the front pair of legs in some species has converted to a sensory function, while in other species, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs. The term is derived from the Greek word (''aráchnē'', 'spider'), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne, who was turned into a spider. Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 100,000 named species, of which 47,000 are species of spiders. Morphology Almost all adult arachnids have eight legs, unlike adult ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animals Described In 1892
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1 million are insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes, containing animals such as nematodes, arthropods, flatworms, annelids and molluscs, and the deuterostomes, containing the echinoderms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eriophyidae
Eriophyidae is a family of more than 200 genera of mites, which live as plant parasites, commonly causing galls or other damage to the plant tissues and hence known as gall mites. About 3,600 species have been described, but this is probably less than 10% of the actual number existing in this poorly researched family. They are microscopic mites and are yellow to pinkish white to purplish in color. The mites are worm like, and have only two pairs of legs. Their primary method of population spread is by wind. They affect a wide range of plants, and several are major pest species causing substantial economic damage to crops. Some species, however, are used as biological agents to control weeds and invasive plant species. Notable species Notable species in this family include: *'' Abacarus hystrix'', the cereal rust mite *''Abacarus sacchari'', the sugarcane rust mite *''Acalitus essigi'', the redberry mite, which affects blackberries *'' Aceria chondrillae'', the chondrilla gal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bramley Apple
''Malus domestica'' (Bramley's Seedling, commonly known as the Bramley apple, or simply Bramley, Bramleys or Bramley's) is a cultivar of apple that is usually eaten cooked due to its sourness. The variety comes from a pip planted by Mary Ann Brailsford. ''The Concise Household Encyclopedia'' states, "Some people eat this apple raw in order to cleanse the palate, but Bramley's seedling is essentially the fruit for tart, pie, or dumpling."''The Concise Household Encyclopedia'' (ca. 1935), Amalgamated Press Ltd, London Once cooked, however, it has a lighter flavour. A peculiarity of the variety is that when cooked it becomes golden and fluffy. Vitamin C 15mg/100g. Tree Bramley's Seedling apple trees are large, vigorous, spreading and long-lived. They tolerate some shade. The apples are very large, two or three times the weight of a typical dessert apple. They are flat with a vivid green skin that becomes red on the side that receives direct sunlight. The tree is resistant to apple sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malus X Purpurea
''Malus'' ( or ) is a genus of about 30–55 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples, wild apples, and rainberries. The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Description Apple trees are typically talI at maturity, with a dense, twiggy crown. The leaves are long, alternate, simple, with a serrated margin. The flowers are borne in corymbs, and have five petals, which may be white, pink, or red, and are perfect, with usually red stamens that produce copious pollen, and a half-inferior ovary; flowering occurs in the spring after 50–80 growing degree days (varying greatly according to subspecies and cultivar). Many apples require cross-pollination between individuals by insects (typically bees, which freely visit the flowers for both nectar and pollen); these are called self-sterile, so self-pollination is impossible, making pollinating insects essential. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malus Sylvestris
''Malus sylvestris'', the European crab apple, is a species of the genus '' Malus'', native to Europe. Its scientific name means "forest apple" and the truly wild tree has thorns. Description Wild apple has an expanded crown and often appears more like a bush than a tree. It can live 80–100 years and grow up to tall with trunk diameters of . Due to its weak competitiveness and high light requirement, wild apple is found mostly at the wet edge of forests, in farmland hedges or on very extreme, marginal sites. The flowers are hermaphrodite and are pollinated by insects. Progenitor of cultivated apples In the past ''M. sylvestris'' was thought to be the most important ancestor of the cultivated apple (''M. domestica''), which has since been shown to have been primarily derived from the central Asian species '' M. sieversii''. However another recent DNA analysisCoart, E., Van Glabeke, S., De Loose, M., Larsen, A.S., Roldán-Ruiz, I. 2006. Chloroplast diversity in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malus Halliana
''Malus halliana'' is an East Asian crabapple species of ''Malus'', known by the common name Hall crabapple. Its Chinese name is chui si hai tang(垂丝海棠). It is generally considered to be a native tree of China, although some authors maintain that it is native to Japan, and was introduced into China. Description ''Malus halliana'' is a tree up to 5 meters (17 feet) tall. flowers are pink. Fruits are purple. ;Cultivation The tree is cultivated as an ornamental tree Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space. Many flowering plants and garden varieties tend to be specially bred cultivars that i ..., for its abundant, fragrant pink flowers. References External linksline drawings, Flora of China Illustrations vol. 9, fig. 77, 16-17 halliana Crabapples Flora of China Flora of Japan Garden plants of Asia Ornamental trees {{malus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malus Domestica
An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, '' Malus sieversii'', is still found today. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe and were brought to North America by European colonists. Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek, and European Christian tradition. Apples grown from seed tend to be very different from those of their parents, and the resultant fruit frequently lacks desired characteristics. Generally, apple cultivars are propagated by clonal grafting onto rootstocks. Apple trees grown without rootstocks tend to be larger and much slower to fruit after planting. Rootstocks are used to control the speed of growth and the size of the resulting tree, allowing for easier harvesting. There are more t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Studies Council
Field Studies Council is an educational charity based in the UK, which offers opportunities for people to learn about and engage with the outdoors. History It was established as the Council for the Promotion of Field Studies in 1943 with the vision to provide opportunities for school children to study plants and animals in their natural environment. It subsequently became a nationwide provider of outdoor education, delivering opportunities for people of all ages and abilities to discover explore the environment in many different forms, and has established a network of field centres providing facilities for people wanting to study natural history, ecology and the environment. Activities Field Studies Council provides outdoor educational residential or day visits from the organisation's centres, and other outreach areas, including London Parks. The centres include: * Amersham Field Centre, Buckinghamshire *Bishops Wood, Worcestershire *Blencathra, Cumbria *Castle Head, Grange ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can reproduction, produce Fertility, fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
