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Phineas Gage
Phineas P. Gage (18231860) was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe, and for that injury's reported effects on his personality and behavior over the remaining 12 years of his lifeeffects sufficiently profound that friends saw him (for a time at least) as "no longer Gage". Long known as the "American Crowbar Case"once termed "the case which more than all others is to excite our wonder, impair the value of prognosis, and even to subvert our doctrines"Phineas Gage influenced 19th-century discussion about the mind and brain, debate on cerebral , and was perhaps the first case to suggest the brain's role in , and that damage to specific parts of the brain might induce specific mental changes. Gage is a fixture in the curricula of neurology, psychology, and neuroscience, one of "the great medical curiosit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grafton County, New Hampshire
Grafton County is a County (United States), county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 91,118. Its county seat is the town of Haverhill, New Hampshire, Haverhill. In 1972, the county courthouse and other offices were moved from Woodsville, New Hampshire, Woodsville, a larger village within the town of Haverhill, to North Haverhill, New Hampshire, North Haverhill. Grafton County is part of the Claremont, New Hampshire, Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire, Lebanon, NH–Vermont, VT Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area, Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county is the home of Dartmouth College and Plymouth State University. ''Progressive Farmer'' rated Grafton County fourth in its list of the "Best Places to Live in Rural America" in 2006, citing low unemployment (despite slow economic growth), a favorable cost of living, and the presence of White Mountain National Forest, the state's only national forest. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamping
A tamping machine or ballast tamper, informally simply a tamper, is a self-propelled, rail-mounted machine used to pack (or tamp) the track ballast under railway tracks to make the tracks and roadbed more durable and level. Prior to the introduction of mechanical tampers, this task was done by manual labour with the help of beaters. As well as being faster, more accurate, more efficient and less labour-intensive, tamping machines are essential for the use of concrete sleepers since they are too heavy (usually over ) to be lifted by hand. At its most basic, a tamping machine only packs the ballast. Some modern machines, sometimes known as tamper-liners or tamping and lining machines, also correct the alignment of the rails to make them parallel and level, in order to achieve a more comfortable ride for passengers and freight and to reduce the mechanical strain applied to the rails by passing trains. This is done by finding places where the sleepers have sunk from the weight of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hudson River Railroad
The New York Central Railroad was a railroad primarily operating in the Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The railroad primarily connected greater New York and Boston in the east with Chicago and St. Louis in the Midwest, along with the intermediate cities of Albany, Buffalo, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit, Rochester and Syracuse. The New York Central was headquartered in the New York Central Building, adjacent to its largest station, Grand Central Terminal. The railroad was established in 1853, consolidating several existing railroad companies. In 1968, the NYC merged with its former rival, the Pennsylvania Railroad, to form Penn Central. Penn Central went into bankruptcy in 1970 and, with extensive Federal government support, emerged as Conrail in 1976. In 1999, Conrail was broken up, and portions of its system were transferred to CSX and Norfolk Southern Railway (NS), with CSX acquiring most of the NYC's eastern trackage and NS acquiring most o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phrenology
Phrenology is a pseudoscience that involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits. It is based on the concept that the Human brain, brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific Human brain#Function, functions or modules. It was said that the brain was composed of different muscles, so those that were used more often were bigger, resulting in the different skull shapes. This provided reasoning for the common presence of bumps on the skull in different locations. The brain "muscles" not being used as frequently remained small and were therefore not present on the exterior of the skull. Although both of those ideas have a basis in reality, phrenology generalizes beyond empirical knowledge in a way that departs from science. The central phrenological notion that measuring the contour of the skull can predict personality traits is discredited by empirical research. Developed by Germans, German physician Franz Joseph Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Martyn Harlow
John Martyn Harlow (1819–1907) was an American physician primarily remembered for his attendance on brain-injury survivor Phineas Gage, and for his published reports on Gage's accident and subsequent history. Harlow was born in Whitehall, New York on November 25, 1819 to Ransom and Annis Martyn Harlow.American Medical Biographies, Howard Atwood Kelly and Walter Lincoln Burrage, Norman, Remington Co., 1920, p. 492 He studied at Philadelphia School of Anatomy and in 1844 graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia with an M.D. His practice in Cavendish, Vermont, where Gage's accident occurred in 1848, brought Gage under his care. In 1857, he left Cavendish due to poor health, and spent three years traveling and studying in Minnesota and Philadelphia before taking up practice in Woburn, Massachusetts in 1861. His first paper on Gage appeared in ''Boston Medical and Surgical Journal'' in late 1848; a short progress note appeared early the next year. Almost twe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grafton, New Hampshire
Grafton is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,385 at the 2020 census. History Originally granted in 1761, and re-granted in 1769, Grafton, like the county it resides in, takes its name from Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, a relative of colonial governor Benning Wentworth. Grafton was incorporated in 1778. Historically, Grafton's economic base consisted of subsistence farming, small-scale industry, and mining. Several mica mines and granite quarries once dotted the town's landscape, most notably Ruggles Mine. File:United Mica Company Mill, Grafton Center.jpg, The United Mica Company operated this mill between 1909 and 1916. Image File:Barney's Store, Grafton Village.jpg, In continuous operation since the 1840s, this store is now known as the Grafton Country Store. Image . File:Grafton Center.jpg, Grafton Center Geography The town is in western New Hampshire, on the southern edge of Grafton County. It is bordered to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enfield, New Hampshire
Enfield is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,465 at the 2020 census. The town includes the villages of Enfield, Enfield Center, Upper Shaker Village, Lower Shaker Village, Lockehaven, and Montcalm. Enfield village, the primary settlement in town, where 1,571 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Enfield census-designated place (CDP), centered on U.S. Route 4 and the inlet of the Mascoma River into Mascoma Lake. History The town was incorporated in 1761 by colonial Governor Benning Wentworth. First named "Enfield" by settlers from Enfield, Connecticut, the town was renamed "Relhan" in 1766 to honor Dr. Anthony Relhan (–1776). The doctor was a promoter of sea-bathing as a curative, making Brighton, England, a fashionable resort. Following the American Revolution, the New Hampshire town was renamed Enfield in 1784. The first European settlers in town were Jonathan Paddleford and family who arrived, after the succe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanon, New Hampshire
Lebanon ( ) is the only city in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,282 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, up from 13,151 at the 2010 United States census, 2010 census. Lebanon is in western New Hampshire, south of Hanover, New Hampshire, Hanover, near the Connecticut River. It is the home to Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth College's Geisel School of Medicine, together comprising the largest medical facility between Boston, Massachusetts, and Burlington, Vermont. Lebanon is a core city of the Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area, comprising four counties in the upper Connecticut River valley, two in New Hampshire and two in Vermont. History Lebanon was chartered as a town by New England Colonies, colonial governor Benning Wentworth on July 4, 1761, one of 16 along the Connecticut River. It was named for Lebanon, Connecticut, from where many early settlers had come or would come, including the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
