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Peshawari Dialect
Hindko (, , ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by several million people of various ethnic backgrounds in northwestern Pakistan, primarily in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northern Punjab.While some linguists classify Hindko as part of the Lahnda group, many speakers consider it a distinct language with its own identity. There is a nascent language movement, and in recent decades Hindko-speaking intellectuals have started promoting the view of Hindko as a separate language. There is a literary tradition based on Peshawari, the urban variety of Peshawar in the northwest, and another one based on the language of Abbottabad in the northeast. In the 2017 census of Pakistan, million people declared their language to be Hindko, while a 2020 estimate placed the number of speakers at 7 million. Hindko to some extent is mutually intelligible with Punjabi and Saraiki, and has more affinities with the latter than with the former. The name "Hindko" means "the Indian langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahmukhi Alphabet
Shahmukhi (, , , ) is the right-to-left script, right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Persian alphabet, Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi dialects and languages, Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan. It is generally written in the Nastaʿlīq Calligraphy, calligraphic hand, which is also used for Persian language, Persian and Urdu. Shahmukhi is one of the two standard scripts used for Punjabi, the other being Gurmukhi used mainly in Punjab, India. Shahmukhi is written from right to left and has 36 primary letters with some other additional letters. History Before the advent of Shahmukhi, writing systems were not popular for the Punjabi language#History, Old Punjabi varieties. The name 'Shahmukhi' is a recent coinage, imitating its counterpart 'Gurmukhi'. However, the writing of Punjabi in the Perso-Arabic script is well-attested from the 17th century onwards. According to Dhavan, Punjabi began to adopt the script as a "side effec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2017 Pakistan Census
The 2017 Census of Pakistan was a detailed enumeration of the Pakistani population which began on 15 March 2017 and ended on 25 May 2017. It was the first census taken in the country in the 21st century, nineteen years after the previous one in 1998, and it was carried out by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. The census recorded a total population throughout the country of 213,222,917. The results showed a massive population increase having occurred between 1998 and 2017 of 77.0 million people, or an increase of +56.5%. The results also marked a significantly higher result compared to estimations made of the Pakistani population before the census, which had previously estimated the Pakistani population in 2017 to be between 195 million and 200 million. Controversies regarding this census, focused around the populations of Pakistan's largest city, Karachi and the province of Sindh, resulted in another census being scheduled early in the year 2023. The results of that census ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Names For India
The Republic of India is principally known by two official short names: India and Bharat. An unofficial third name is Hindustan, which is widely used throughout North India. Although these names now refer to the modern country in most contexts, they historically denoted the broader Indian subcontinent. "India" () is a name derived from the Indus River and remains the country's common name in the Western world, having been used by the ancient Greeks to refer to the lands east of Persia and south of the Himalayas. This name had appeared in Old English by the 9th century and re-emerged in Modern English in the 17th century. "Bharat" () is the shortened form of the name "Bhāratavarṣa" in the Sanskrit language and grew in popularity during the 19th century. It originates from the Vedic period and is rooted in the Dharmic religions, particularly Hinduism. The long-form Sanskrit name is derived from the Bharata tribe, who are mentioned in the Rigveda as one of the principal p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindustan
''Hindūstān'' ( English: /ˈhɪndustæn/ or /ˈhɪndustɑn/, ; ) was a historical region, polity, and a name for India, historically used simultaneously for northern Indian subcontinent and the entire subcontinent, used in the modern day to refer to the Republic of India by some but not officially. Being the Iranic cognate of the Indic word ''Sindhu'', it originally referred to the land of lower Indus basin (present-day Sindh) during the ancient era, but was later extended to refer to northern Indian subcontinent. It finally referred to the entire subcontinent since the early modern period.: "They used the name ''Hindustan'' for India Intra Gangem or taking the latter expression rather loosely for the Indian subcontinent proper. The term ''Hindustan'', which in the "Naqsh-i-Rustam" inscription of Shapur I denoted India on the lower Indus, and which later gradually began to denote more or less the whole of the subcontinent, was used by some of the European authors concer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saraiki Language
Saraiki ( ', ; also spelt Siraiki, or Seraiki) is an Indo-Aryan language of the Lahnda group. "The existence of Lahnda as a separate language has long been recognised under various names such as Jatki, Multani, Hindki or Hindko and Western Panjabi....it is called Multani, but this name properly applies only to the form of Lahnda spoken around Multan and the neighbourhood." It is spoken by 28.84 million people, as per the 2023 Pakistani census, taking prevalence in Southern Punjab with remants in Northern Sindh and the Derajat region. Saraiki has partial mutual intelligibility with Standard Punjabi, and it shares with it a large portion of its vocabulary and Linguistic morphology, morphology. At the same time in #Phonology, its phonology it is radically different (particularly in the lack of tones, the preservation of the voiced aspirates and the development of implosive consonants), and has important grammatical features in common with the Sindhi language spoken to the south. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjabi Language
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers. Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the 2023 Pakistani census, and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 Census of India, 2011 census. It is spoken among a Punjabi diaspora, significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Gulf states. In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Persian alphabet, Perso-Arabic script; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi, Gurmukhi alphabet, based on the Brahmic scripts, Indic scripts. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbottabad
Abbottabad is a city in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is the 40th largest city in the country and 6th largest in the province by population, and serves as the headquarter of its namesake tehsil and district. It is about north of Islamabad-Rawalpindi and east of Peshawar, at an elevation of . Kashmir lies a short distance to the east. Etymology The name combines the name of the city founder, Major James Abbott, and the Persian ending ''ābād'', meaning "settlement, town of". Abbottabad is one of two cities named after British army officiers in Pakistan, the other being Jacobabad. History Following the Second Anglo-Sikh War, the British annexed the entire Punjab region up to Peshawar. Abbottabad was founded and named after Major James Abbott in January 1853, a British military officer in the Bengal Army of the British Raj. Following its foundation Abbottabad replaced Haripur as Hazara's capital and headquarters of Hazara District ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010)
The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP; ) was a province of British India from 1901 to 1947, of the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955, and of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan from 1970 to 2010. It was established on 9 November 1901 from the north-western districts of the British Punjab, during the British Raj. Following the referendum in 1947 to join either Pakistan or India, the province voted hugely in favour of joining Pakistan and it acceded accordingly on 14 August 1947. It was dissolved to form a unified province of West Pakistan in 1955 upon promulgation of One Unit Scheme and was reestablished in 1970. It was known by this name until 19 April 2010, when it was dissolved and redesignated as the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa following the enactment of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan. The province covered an area of , including much of the current Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province but excluding the Federally Administered Tribal Areas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Punjab
The Pothohar Plateau (, : ''Pо̄ṭhoā̀r Paṭhār''; , ''Satāh Murtafā Pо̄ṭhohār''), also spelled Pothwar, is a plateau in the Sindh Sagar Doab, Sind Sagar Doab of northern Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan, located between the Indus River, Indus and Jhelum River, Jhelum rivers. Etymology A late medieval Persian language, Persian manuscript, ''Kaigoharnameh'', written by ''Raezadeh Diwan Duni Chand'' in A.D. 1725 to the order of Gakhars, Gakhar chiefs presents a detailed history of Gakhars in northern Punjab. The term in the manuscript has been written variously as ''Pathwar'', ''Pot har'' and ''Pothohar''. According to Ahmad Hasan Dani, the term is derived from ''Prshtawar'' in Sanskrit, ''Prshta'' meaning "back" of the Indus River and ''War'' meaning "area". Geography Pothohar Plateau is bounded on the east by the Jhelum River, on the west by the Indus River, on the north by the Kala Chitta Range and the Margalla Hills, and on the south by the Salt Range. The sout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police (), formerly known as the Frontier Police, is the provincial law enforcement agency of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. History British colonial era In 1849, the land corresponding to modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was annexed by the British Raj. Initially, the British maintained the policing system of the Mughals and Sikhs throughout most of the region; however, to establish a durable peace and security situation, the Punjab Frontier Force was raised. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, there was no organized police force in British India, and a full-fledged policing system was established under the Commonwealth Police Act of 1861. The Act was extended to the Frontier Territory in 1889 and a number of armed personnel were placed at the disposal of the Deputy Commissioner/District Magistrate for police duties. Police Act of 1861 After gaining full control of India the British rulers constituted a Police Commission on 17 August 1860. This Commissi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northwestern Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (; ; , ; abbr. KP or KPK), formerly known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Northern Pakistan, northwestern region of the country, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the fourth largest province of Pakistan by land area and the third-largest province by population. It is bordered by Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan to the south; Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab, Islamabad Capital Territory, and Azad Kashmir to the east; and Gilgit-Baltistan to the north and northeast. It shares an Durand Line, international border with Afghanistan to the west. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has a varied geography of rugged mountain ranges, valleys, rolling foothills, and dense agricultural farms. While it is the third-largest Pakistani province in terms of both its population and Economy of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, its economy, it is geographically the smallest. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's share of Pakistan's GDP has historically com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaeem Speaking Hindko
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom ( ; born Abdulla Maumoon Khairi; 29 December 1937) is a Maldivian politician, statesman, diplomat and scholar who served as the 3rd president of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. He previously served as the Minister of Transport (Maldives), Minister of Transport from 1977 to 1978, and as the Permanent Representative of the Maldives to the United Nations from 1976 to 1977. The longest-serving Maldivian president, Gayoom was the longest-serving leader in Asia. Gayoom was born and raised in Malé. After serving as a lecturer at the Ahmadu Bello University in Nigeria, he returned to the Maldives in 1971 and worked as a teacher at Aminiya School. He was later appointed the manager of shipping department at the government. Gayoom was placed under house arrest in 1973 for criticising the policies of the then-president Ibrahim Nasir, Nasir. He was later banished to Makunudhoo (Haa Dhaalu Atoll), Makunudhoo for four years but was released five months later as part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
