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Peredelkino Railway Station
Peredelkino (, ) is a dacha complex situated in Odintsovsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. History The settlement originated as the estate of Peredeltsy, owned by the Leontievs (maternal relatives of Peter I of Russia, Peter the Great), then by Princes Dolgorukov and by the Samarins. After a railway passed through the village in the 19th century, it was renamed Peredelkino. In 1934, Maxim Gorky suggested handing over the area to the Union of Soviet Writers. Within several years, about fifty wooden cottages designed by Germany, German architect Ernst May were constructed in Peredelkino by writers. The curator of the project was Soviet politician Aleksandr Shcherbakov (20th-century politician), Aleksandr Shcherbakov. Among the first residents of the colony were poet Boris Pasternak, writers Korney Chukovsky, Isaac Babel, Alexander Serafimovich, Leonid Leonov, Ilya Ehrenburg, Boris Pilnyak, Vsevolod Ivanov, Lev Kassil, Konstantin Fedin, Ilya Ilf, Yevgeny Petrov (writer), Ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Serafimovich
Alexander Serafimovich (born Alexander Serafimovich Popov; ; O.S. January 7 ( N.S. January 19), 1863 – January 19, 1949) was a Russian and Soviet writer and a member of the Moscow literary group Sreda. Biography He was born in a Cossack village on the Don River. His father served as a paymaster in a Cossack regiment. He attended a grammar school, then studied in the Physics and Mathematics faculty of St. Petersburg University. During his time at the university, he became friends with Aleksandr Ulyanov, Lenin's older brother, who introduced him to Marxism. He was later exiled to Mezen, a town in northern Russia, for spreading revolutionary propaganda. While in exile he wrote his first story, which was published in ''Russkie Vedomosti''. It was then that he began using the pseudonym "Serafimovich".In the Depths: Russian Stories, Raduga Publishers, 1987. After his exile ended, he spent many years living under police supervision. In 1902, he moved to Moscow and became a membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) secret police organization, and thus had a monopoly on intelligence and state security functions. The NKVD is known for carrying out political repression and the Great Purge under Joseph Stalin, as well as counterintelligence and other operations on the Eastern Front of World War II. The head of the NKVD was Genrikh Yagoda from 1934 to 1936, Nikolai Yezhov from 1936 to 1938, Lavrentiy Beria from 1938 to 1946, and Sergei Kruglov in 1946. First established in 1917 as the NKVD of the Russian SFSR, the ministry was tasked with regular police work and overseeing the country's prisons and labor camps. It was disbanded in 1930, and its functions dispersed among other agencies before being reinstated as a commissariat of the Soviet Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubyanka (KGB)
Lubyanka (, ) is the popular name for the building which contains the headquarters of the FSB on Lubyanka Square in the Meshchansky District of Moscow, Russia. It is a large Neo-Baroque building with a facade of yellow brick designed by Alexander V. Ivanov in 1897 and augmented by Aleksey Shchusev from 1940 to 1947. It was previously the national headquarters of the KGB. Soviet hammer and sickles can still be seen on the building's facade. Description The Lubyanka building is home to the Lubyanka prison, the headquarters of the Border Guard Service, a KGB museum, and a subsection of the FSB. Part of the prison was turned into a prison museum, but a special authorization is required for visits. The lower floors are made of granite with emblazoned Soviet crests. History Origins The Lubyanka was originally built in 1898 as a revenue house by the All-Russia Insurance Company (''Rossiya Insurance Company''), on the spot where Catherine the Great had once headquarter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Purge
The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (), also known as the Year of '37 () and the Yezhovshchina ( , ), was a political purge in the Soviet Union that took place from 1936 to 1938. After the Assassination of Sergei Kirov, assassination of Sergei Kirov by Leonid Nikolaev in 1934, Joseph Stalin launched a series of show trials known as the Moscow trials to remove suspected party dissenters from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, especially those aligned with the Bolsheviks, Bolshevik party. The term "great purge" was popularized by the historian Robert Conquest in his 1968 book ''The Great Terror (book), The Great Terror'', whose title was an allusion to the French Revolution's Reign of Terror. The purges were largely conducted by the NKVD (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs), which functioned as the Ministry of home affairs, interior ministry and secret police of the USSR. Starting in 1936, the NKVD under chief Genrikh Yagoda began the removal of the central pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1922 to 1952 and as the fourth Premier of the Soviet Union, premier from 1941 until his death. He initially governed as part of a Collective leadership in the Soviet Union, collective leadership, but Joseph Stalin's rise to power, consolidated power to become an absolute dictator by the 1930s. Stalin codified the party's official interpretation of Marxism as Marxism–Leninism, while the totalitarian political system he created is known as Stalinism. Born into a poor Georgian family in Gori, Georgia, Gori, Russian Empire, Stalin attended the Tiflis Theological Seminary before joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He raised f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lev Kamenev
Lev Borisovich Kamenev. ( Rozenfeld; – 25 August 1936) was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician. A prominent Old Bolsheviks, Old Bolshevik, Kamenev was a leading figure in the early Soviet government and served as a Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union, deputy premier of the Soviet Union from 1923 to 1926. Born in Moscow to a family active in revolutionary politics, Kamenev joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1901 and sided with Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks, Bolshevik faction after the party's 1903 split. He was arrested several times and participated in the failed 1905 Russian Revolution, Revolution of 1905, after which he moved abroad and became one of Lenin's close associates. In 1914, he was arrested upon returning to Saint Petersburg and exiled to Siberia. He returned after the February Revolution of 1917, which overthrew the monarchy, and joined Grigory Zinoviev in opposing Lenin's "April Theses" and the armed seizure of power known as the Octobe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yevgeny Petrov (writer)
Yevgeny Petrovich Petrov, also spelled ''Evgeny'' or ''Yevgeni'', (, born ''Katayev'' (); in Odessa – July 2, 1942) was a popular Soviet author in the 1920s and 1930s. He often worked in collaboration with Ilya Ilf. As Ilf and Petrov, they wrote ''The Twelve Chairs'', released in 1928, and its sequel, ''The Little Golden Calf'', released in 1931. Biography Following Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Petrov became a war correspondent. He was killed in a plane crash while returning from besieged Sevastopol. The short film ''Envelope'' was dedicated to him. He was the brother of Valentin Kataev Valentin Petrovich Kataev (; also spelled Katayev or Kataiev; – 12 April 1986) was a Soviet writer and editor who managed to create penetrating works discussing post-revolutionary social conditions without running afoul of the demands of .... References 1902 births 1942 deaths Writers from Odesa People from Kherson Governorate Soviet short story writers So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilya Ilf
Ilya Arnoldovich Ilf (born Iehiel-Leyb Aryevich Faynzilberg; ; – 13 April 1937) was a Soviet journalist and writer of Jewish origin who usually worked in collaboration with Yevgeny Petrov during the 1920s and 1930s. Their duo was known simply as Ilf and Petrov. Together they published two popular comedy novels ''The Twelve Chairs'' (1928) and ''The Little Golden Calf'' (1931), as well as a satirical book '' Odnoetazhnaya Amerika'' (often translated as ''Little Golden America'') that documented their journey through the United States between 1935 and 1936. Biography Iliya Ilf (born Faynzilberg) was born on October 15, 1897, in Odessa, he was the third of four sons of Ariye Benjamin Faynzilberg and his wife Mindle Aronovna Faynzilberg (née Kotlova). The family moved from Boguslav to Odessa before Ilf's birth. His father was a Jewish bank clerk. He graduated from a technical school in 1913 and held various positions, including time at the telephone company and a military plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantin Fedin
Konstantin Aleksandrovich Fedin ( rus, Константи́н Алекса́ндрович Фе́дин, p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪtɕ ˈfʲedʲɪn, a=Konstantin Alyeksandrovich Fyedin.ru.vorb.oga; – 15 July 1977) was a Soviet and Russian novelist and literary functionary. Biography Born in Saratov, Fedin studied in Moscow and Germany and was interned there during World War I. After his release, he worked as an interpreter in the first Soviet embassy in Berlin. On returning to Russia, he joined the Bolsheviks and served in the Red Army. After leaving the Party in 1921, he joined the literary group called the Serapion Brothers, who supported the Revolution, but wanted freedom for literature and the arts. His first story, "The Orchard", was published in 1922, as was his play ''Bakunin v Drezdene'' (Bakunin in Dresden). His first two novels were ''Goroda i gody'' (1924; tr. as ''Cities and Years'', 1962, "one of the first major novels in Soviet literature") a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lev Kassil
Lev Abramovich Kassil (; 10 July 1905 – 21 June 1970) was an influential Soviet and Russian writer of juvenile and young adult literature and screenwriter, depicting Soviet life, teenagers, school, sports, culture, and war. Biography He was born into a Jewish family in Pokrovskaya Sloboda (now Engels). He attended a local gymnasium that was later transformed into a Uniform Labour School. In 1923 Kassil entered Moscow State University, where he studied aerodynamics. He published his first short story in 1925, and eventually became a REF and LEF member. In 1927 Mayakovsky invited him to participate in the magazine called New LEF. His most important works were two autobiographical novels for young people dealing with student life before the Revolution, ''Konduit'' (The conduct book, 1929, tr. as ''The Black Book'') and ''Shvambraniya'' (1931, tr. as ''The Land of Shvambrania''); the two were revised and combined into one book called ''Konduit i Shvambraniya'' (1935, tr. as ''The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vsevolod Ivanov
Vsevolod Vyacheslavovich Ivanov (, ; – 15 August 1963) was a Soviet and Russian writer, dramatist, journalist and war correspondent. Biography Ivanov was born on in Lebyazhye, Semipalatinsk Oblast, Governor-Generalship of the Steppes, Russian Empire, what is now Northern Kazakhstan. According to his widow's memoirs, he was born in 1892 and shortened his years in 1919 to avoid mobilization into the Russian Army. His father, Vyacheslav Alekseevich Ivanov, was a teacher. In 1909, he was an assistant to a shopkeeper in Pavlodar. In 1910–1912 he worked in a printing house in Pavlodar, and in 1912–1913 he worked as a fakir in the circus. His first story, published in 1915, caught the attention of Maxim Gorky, who advised Vsevolod throughout his career. Ivanov joined the Red Army during the Civil War and fought in Siberia. This inspired his short stories "Partisans" (1921) and "Armoured Train" (1922). "Partisans" was published in the first edition of the journal '' Krasn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
