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People's History
A people's history, or history from below, is a type of historical narrative which attempts to account for historical events from the perspective of common people rather than leaders. There is an emphasis on disenfranchised, the oppressed, the poor, the nonconformists, and otherwise marginal groups. The authors typically have a Marxist model in mind, as in the approach of the History Workshop movement in Britain in the 1960s. "History from below" and "people's history" Georges Lefebvre first used the phrase (history seen from below and not from above) in 1932 when praising Albert Mathiez for seeking to tell the (history of the masses and not of starlets). It was also used in the title of A. L. Morton's 1938 book, ''A People's History of England''. Yet it was E. P. Thompson's essay ''History from Below'' in ''The Times Literary Supplement'' (1966) which brought the phrase to the forefront of historiography from the 1970s. Thompson did not use the phrase in his TLS piece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social History
Social history, often called history from below, is a field of history that looks at the lived experience of the past. Historians who write social history are called social historians. Social history came to prominence in the 1960s, spreading from schools of thought in the United Kingdom and France which posited that the Great Man view of history was inaccurate because it did not adequately explain how societies changed. Instead, social historians wanted to show that change arose from within society, complicating the popular belief that powerful leaders were the source of dynamism. While social history came from the Marxist view of history ( historical materialism), the cultural turn and linguistic turn saw the number of sub-fields expand as well as the emergence of other approaches to social history, including a social liberal approach and a more ambiguous critical theory approach. In its "golden age" it was a major field in the 1960s and 1970s among young historians, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Camus
Albert Camus ( ; ; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, dramatist, journalist, world federalist, and political activist. He was the recipient of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature at the age of 44, the second-youngest recipient in history. His works include ''The Stranger (Camus novel), The Stranger'', ''The Plague (novel), The Plague'', ''The Myth of Sisyphus'', ''The Fall (Camus novel), The Fall'' and ''The Rebel (book), The Rebel''. Camus was born in French Algeria to ''pied-noir'' parents. He spent his childhood in a poor neighbourhood and later studied philosophy at the University of Algiers. He was in Paris when the Battle of France, Germans invaded France during World War II in 1940. Camus tried to flee but finally joined the French Resistance where he served as editor-in-chief at ''Combat (newspaper), Combat'', an outlawed newspaper. After the war, he was a celebrity figure and gave many lectures around the world. He married twice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donny Gluckstein
Donny Gluckstein (born 1954) is a British historian at Edinburgh College. He went to the University of Warwick in 1974 and graduated in history. The son of Tony Cliff and Chanie Rosenberg, he is the author of numerous books and articles. In 2013 his book ''A People's History of the Second World War'' was shortlisted for the Bread and Roses Award. Selected works *''The Western Soviets: Workers' Councils versus Parliament, 1915-20'' (London: Bookmarks: 1985).''Marxism and Trade Union Struggle: The General Strike of 1926''(co-authored with Tony Cliff) (London: Bookmarks, 1986).''The Labour Party: A Marxist history''(coauthored with Tony Cliff Tony Cliff (born Yigael Glückstein, ; 20 May 1917 – 9 April 2000) was a Trotskyist activist. Born to a Jewish family in Ottoman Palestine, he moved to Britain in 1947 and by the end of the 1950s had assumed the pen name of Tony Cliff. A fo ...) (London: Bookmarks: 1988/1996). *''The Tragedy of Bukharin'' (London: Pluto, 1994). *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Irons
Peter H. Irons (born August 11, 1940) is an American political activist, civil rights attorney, legal scholar, and professor emeritus of political science. He has written many books on the U.S. Supreme Court and constitutional litigation. Education Irons graduated from Antioch College (an early incubator of progressive politics). He embarked on his current path in 1963 when he was sentenced to three years imprisonment at the Federal Correctional Institution in Danbury, Connecticut for refusing military induction on the ground that the Federal government perpetuated racial discrimination. While serving most of that sentence, he began corresponding with Howard Zinn, who sent him books on civil liberties and American politics. His conviction was ultimately reversed by a federal judge on the ground of prosecutorial misconduct. Later, President Gerald Ford granted him a pardon for refusing induction. Career Irons completed a PhD at Boston University in 1973. Afterwards, Zinn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Page Smith
Page Smith (September 6, 1917 – August 28, 1995) was an American historian, professor and author. In 1964 he became the founding Provost of Cowell College, University of California, Santa Cruz and resigned from the university in 1973 in protest. As an activist, he was a lifelong advocate for homeless people, for community organization, and for improving the prison system. He served in the United States Army during World War II, for which he received a Purple Heart. He was awarded his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1951 under the direction of Samuel Eliot Morison. Page Smith died in August 1995, one day after the death of his beloved wife, Eloise Pickard Smith. Early life A native of Baltimore, Maryland, Smith graduated with a B.A. degree from Dartmouth College in 1940. At Dartmouth, he studied under historian Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, a Dartmouth College professor. He then worked at Camp William James, a center for youth leadership training opened in 1940 by Rosen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz (born September 10, 1938) is an American historian, writer, professor, and activist based in San Francisco. Born in Texas, she grew up in Oklahoma and is a social justice and feminist activist. She has written numerous books including ''Blood on the Border: A Memoir of the Contra Years'' (2005), ''Red Dirt: Growing up Okie'' (1992), and '' An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States'' (2014). She is professor emerita in Ethnic Studies at California State University. Early life and education Born in San Antonio, Texas, in 1938 to an Oklahoma family, Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz grew up in Central Oklahoma. Her father was a sharecropper of Scots-Irish ancestry. Dunbar has written that her mother was of Cherokee descent and has said that her mother denied her Native ancestry after marrying into a white family. Because of her various claims of having Indigenous ancestry, Dunbar acknowledged that she has been "denounced as a fraud pretending to be Native A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Labor History
New labor history is a branch of labor history which focuses on the experiences of workers, women, and minorities in the study of history. It is heavily influenced by social history. Before the 1960s, most labor historians around the world focused on the history of labor unions. In the United States, for example, labor economists at the University of Wisconsin dominated the academic discipline of labor history. Their research focused on the development of markets, trade unions, and political philosophies. In the 1950s, British and other European historians developed the field of social history to correct the structuralist imbalances they perceived in the study of history. Social historians not only sought to enlarge the study of history but to refocus it on the experiences of common people rather than institutions or elites. British social historians such as E. P. Thompson, in particular, had a significant impact on American labor historians. Labor scholars to the right a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxist Historiography
Marxist historiography, or historical materialist historiography, is an influential school of historiography. The chief tenets of Marxist historiography include the centrality of social class, social relations of production in class-divided societies that struggle against each other, and economic constraints in determining historical outcomes (historical materialism). Marxist historians follow the tenets of the development of class-divided societies, especially modern capitalist ones. Marxist historiography has developed in varied ways across different regional and political contexts. It has had unique trajectories of development in the West, the Soviet Union, and in India, as well as in the pan-Africanist and African-American traditions, adapting to these specific regional and political conditions in different ways. Marxist historiography has made contributions to the history of the working class, and the methodology of a history from below. Marxist historiography is so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chris Harman
Christopher John Harman (8 November 1942 – 7 November 2009) was a British journalist and political activist, and a member of the Central Committee of the Socialist Workers Party. He was an editor of '' International Socialism'' and '' Socialist Worker''. Life Harman was born into a working-class family and attended Leeds University (where he joined the Socialist Review Group in 1961) and the London School of Economics (LSE) where he began (but did not complete) a doctorate under the supervision of Ralph Miliband. He was instrumental in publishing the magazine of the LSE Socialist Society, ''The Agitator'', and was a leading member of the International Socialists (as the SRG had become) by 1968. He was involved in the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign and outraged many leftists when, at a meeting in the Conway Hall, he denounced Ho Chi Minh for murdering the leader of the Vietnamese Trotskyist movement, Tạ Thu Thâu, in 1945 after crushing the workers' rising of that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Rudé
George Frederick Elliot Rudé (8 February 1910 – 8 January 1993) was a British Marxist historian, specializing in the French Revolution and " history from below", especially the importance of crowds in history.George Rudé (1964). ''The Crowd in History. A Study of Popular Disturbances in France and England, 1730–1848''. New York: Wiley & Sons. Early life Born in Oslo, the son of Jens Essendrop Rude, a Norwegian engineer, and Amy Geraldine Elliot, an English woman educated in Germany, Rudé spent his early years in Norway. After World War I, his family moved to England, where he was educated at Shrewsbury School and Trinity College, Cambridge. A specialist in modern languages, he taught at Stowe and St. Paul's schools. After completing university, Rudé took a trip to the Soviet Union with friends. When he returned he was a "committed Communist and anti-Fascist", despite his family's fairly conservative political views. Career In 1935 Rudé joined the British Communis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montaillou (book)
''Montaillou'' (; , ) is a book by the French historian Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie first published in 1975. It was first translated into English in 1978 by Barbara Bray, and has been subtitled ''The Promised Land of Error'' and ''Cathars and Catholics in a French Village''. ''Montaillou'' was Ladurie's "most important and popular work". Ladurie used the inquisitorial records of Jacques Fournier to reconstruct the lives of the inhabitants of Montaillou in the Ariège (at the time, the county of Foix). The work was part of the historical anthropology of the Annales school. Summary ''Montaillou'' examines the lives and beliefs of the population of Montaillou, a small village in the Pyrenees with only around 250 inhabitants, at the beginning of the fourteenth century. It is largely based on the Fournier Register, a set of records from the Inquisition which investigated and attempted to suppress the spread of Catharism in the Ariège region from 1318 to 1325, during the reigns of Ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
