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Pentapycnon Charcoti
''Pentapycnon charcoti'' is a species of sea spider (class Pycnogonida) in the family Pycnogonidae. As the genus name ''Pentapycnon'' suggests, the sea spider ''P.'' ''charcoti'' is among the seven species of sea spiders with five pairs of legs in adults rather than the usual four leg pairs. This species is found in the Southern Ocean. Discovery This species was first described in 1911 by the French zoologist Eugène Louis Bouvier based on three specimens, including an adult male type specimen. He originally described the other two specimens as females but later found them to be male juveniles. These three specimens were dredged from a depth of 420 meters below the surface in Admiralty Bay on King George Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. Bouvier named this species for the French scientist Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who led the Antarctic expedition on the ship '' Pourquoi-Pas'' that collected these specimens. The first female specimens on record were described in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugene Louis Bouvier
Eugene may refer to: People and fictional characters * Eugene (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Gene Eugene, stage name of Canadian born actor, record producer, engineer, composer and musician Gene Andrusco (1961–2000) * Eugene (wrestler), professional wrestler Nick Dinsmore * Eugene (actress) (born 1981), Kim Yoo-jin, South Korean actress and former member of the singing group S.E.S. Places Canada * Mount Eugene, in Nunavut; the highest mountain of the United States Range on Ellesmere Island United States * Eugene, Oregon, a city ** Eugene, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area ** Eugene (Amtrak station) * Eugene Apartments, NRHP-listed apartment complex in Portland, Oregon * Eugene, Indiana, an unincorporated town * Eugene, Missouri, an unincorporated town Business * Eugene Green Energy Standard, or EUGENE, an international standard to which electricity labelling schemes can be accredited to confirm that they pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antarctica
Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of . Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of . Antarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual Climate of Antarctica#Precipitation, precipitation of over along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost . Antarctica holds the record for the Lowest temperature recorded on Earth, lowest measured temperature on Earth, . The coastal regions can reach temperatures over in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnogonum Diceros
''Pycnogonum'' is a genus of sea spiders in the family Pycnogonidae. It is the type genus of the family. Etymology The generic name literally means “dense knees”. ''Pycnogonum'' combines the prefix ' (from ‘dense’ in Greek) with the Greek word for "knee": (). Characteristics Members of the genus ''Pycnogonum'' have squarish bodies with a tough integument and a few hairs. The cephalon (the anterior end of the body which is fused with the first segment of the trunk) has a long smooth proboscis and a low tubercle on which the eyes are set. There are no chelicerae or palps and these sea spiders use their proboscis to suck juices from their prey. On the first segment of the trunk of males there are small ovigerous legs with nine segments. The larvae are carried around by the males on these appendages. The four pairs of ambulatory legs are short but strong, with well-developed terminal claws. The genital openings are on the second segment of the posterior pair of legs. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach to taxonomy adopted by most biological fields. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or Extant taxon, extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed ''monophyletic'' (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming Taxon, taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not Monophyly, monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms that the molecul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic Tree
A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA. In other words, it is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. In evolutionary biology, all life on Earth is theoretically part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. Phylogenetics is the study of phylogenetic trees. The main challenge is to find a phylogenetic tree representing optimal evolutionary ancestry between a set of species or taxa. Computational phylogenetics (also phylogeny inference) focuses on the algorithms involved in finding optimal phylogenetic tree in the phylogenetic landscape. Phylogenetic trees may be rooted or unrooted. In a ''rooted'' p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnogonum
''Pycnogonum'' is a genus of sea spiders in the family Pycnogonidae. It is the type genus of the family. Etymology The generic name (biology), generic name literally means “dense knees”. ''Pycnogonum'' combines the prefix ' (from ‘dense’ in Greek) with the Greek word for "knee": (). Characteristics Members of the genus ''Pycnogonum'' have squarish bodies with a tough integument and a few hairs. The cephalon (the anterior end of the body which is fused with the first segment of the trunk) has a long smooth proboscis and a low tubercle on which the eyes are set. There are no chelicerae or Pedipalp, palps and these sea spiders use their proboscis to suck juices from their Predation, prey. On the first segment of the trunk of males there are small ovigerous legs with nine segments. The larvae are carried around by the males on these appendages. The four pairs of ambulatory legs are short but strong, with well-developed terminal claws. The genital openings are on the second ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphology (biology)
Morphology (from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ) "form", and λόγος (lógos) "word, study, research") is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, color, pattern, size), as well as the form and structure of internal parts like bones and organs, i.e., anatomy. This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function. Morphology is a branch of life science dealing with the study of the overall structure of an organism or taxon and its component parts. History The etymology of the word "morphology" is from the Ancient Greek (), meaning "form", and (), meaning "word, study, research". While the concept of form in biology, opposed to function, dates back to Aristotle (see Aristotle's biology), the field of morphology was developed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790) and independently by the German anatomist and physiologist Karl Fried ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and morphology. The results are a phylogenetic tree—a diagram depicting the hypothetical relationships among the organisms, reflecting their inferred evolutionary history. The tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the observed entities, which can be living taxa or fossils. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the taxa represented on the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about directionality of character state transformation, and does not show the origin or "root" of the taxa in question. In addition to their use for inferring phylogenetic pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentapycnon Geayi
''Pentapycnon geayi'' is a species of sea spider (class Pycnogonida) in the family Pycnogonidae. As the genus name ''Pentapycnon'' suggests, the sea spider ''P. geayi'' is among the seven species of sea spiders with five pairs of legs in adults rather than the usual four leg pairs. The species ''P. geayi'' is found in the Caribbean Sea, the tropical Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea. This species is one of only two species of polymerous (i.e., extra-legged) sea spiders found outside the Southern Ocean. Discovery This species was first described in 1911 by the French zoologist Eugène Louis Bouvier. He based the original description of this species on numerous specimens including both sexes found off the coast of French Guiana near the city of Cayenne. He named this species in memory of the late French naturalist Martin François Geay, who collected these specimens. Description This species is small, with the average trunk measuring only 3.5 mm in length. This sea sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentapycnon Bouvieri
''Pentapycnon'' is a genus of sea spiders (Class (biology), class Pycnogonida) in the Family (biology), family Pycnogonidae. As the name of this genus suggests, ''Pentapycnon'' is among the four genera of sea spiders with five pairs of legs in adults rather than the usual four leg pairs. This genus includes three species: ''Pentapycnon bouvieri, P. bouvieri'', ''Pentapycnon charcoti, P. charcoti'', and ''Pentapycnon geayi, P. geayi''. The species ''P. bouvieri'' and ''P. charcoti'' are found in the Southern Ocean, whereas the species ''P. geayi'' is found in the Caribbean Sea, the Tropics, tropical Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea. The species ''P. geayi'' is one of only two species of polymerous (i.e., extra-legged) sea spiders found outside the Southern Ocean. Discovery and taxonomy This genus was proposed by the French Zoology, zoologist Eugène Louis Bouvier in 1910 to contain the newly discovered species ''P. charcoti''. In 1911, Bouvier Species description, descri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubercle
In anatomy, a tubercle (literally 'small tuber', Latin for 'lump') is any round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal organs of a plant or an animal. In plants A tubercle is generally a wart-like projection, but it has slightly different meaning depending on which family of plants or animals it is used to refer to. In the case of certain orchids and cacti, it denotes a round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on the lip. They are also known as podaria (singular ''podarium''). When referring to some members of the pea family, it is used to refer to the wart-like excrescences that are found on the roots. In fungi In mycology, a tubercle is used to refer to a mass of hyphae from which a mushroom is made. In animals When it is used in relation to certain dorid nudibranchs such as '' Peltodoris nobilis'', it means the nodules on the dorsum of the animal. The tubercles in nudibranchs can present themselves in different way ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joel Hedgpeth
Joel Walker Hedgpeth (September 29, 1911 – July 28, 2006) was a marine biologist, environmentalist and author. He was an expert on the marine arthropods known as sea spiders (Pycnogonida), and on the seashore plant and animal life of southern and northern California; he co-authored ''Between Pacific Tides'', the definitive guide to California intertidal organisms. He was a spokesperson for care for the floral and faunal diversity of the California coastline. Early life Hedgpeth was born on September 29, 1911, in Oakland, California.Joel Hedgpeth, Marine Biologist and Advocate of Sea Life, Dies at 94 '' |
