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Penicillium Corylophilum
''Penicillium corylophilum'' is a species of the genus of ''Penicillium'' which occurs in damp buildings in United States, Canada and western Europe but it can also be found in a variety of foods and mosquitoes. ''Penicillium corylophilum'' produces the alkaloid epoxyagroclavine and citrinin and is a pathogen to mosquitoes. See also *List of Penicillium species This is a list of ''Penicillium'' species. The genus has over 300 species. Species A * '' Penicillium abidjanum'' * '' Penicillium adametzii'' * '' Penicillium adametzioides'' * '' Penicillium aeris'' * '' Penicillium aethiopicum'' * '' Penic ... Further reading * * * * * References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10622912 corylophilum Fungi described in 1901 Fungus species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penicillium
''Penicillium'' () is a genus of Ascomycota, ascomycetous fungus, fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production. Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species. Taxonomy The genus was first described in the scientific literature by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in his 1809 work ; he wrote, , () where means "having tufts of fine hair". Link included three species—''Penicillium candidum, P. candidum'', ''Penicillium expansum, P. expansum'', and ''Penicillium glaucum, P. glaucum''—all of which produced a brush-like conidiophore (asexual spore-producing structure). The common apple rot fungus ''P.&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's extent varies depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the Western half of the ancient Mediterranean world, the Latin West of the Roman Empire, and "Western Christendom". Beginning with the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery, roughly from the 15th century, the concept of ''Europe'' as "the Western world, West" slowly became distinguished from and eventually replaced the dominant use of "Christendom" as the preferred endonym within the area. By the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, the concepts of "Eastern Europe" and "Western Europe" were more regularly used. The distinctiveness of Western Europe became most apparent during the Cold War, when Europe was divided for 40 years by the Iron Curtain into the Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc, each characterised by distinct political and economical systems. Historical divisions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes, the Culicidae, are a family of small flies consisting of 3,600 species. The word ''mosquito'' (formed by '' mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish and Portuguese for ''little fly''. Mosquitoes have a slender segmented body, one pair of wings, three pairs of long hair-like legs, and specialized, highly elongated, piercing-sucking mouthparts. All mosquitoes drink nectar from flowers; females of some species have in addition adapted to drink blood. The group diversified during the Cretaceous period. Evolutionary biologists view mosquitoes as micropredators, small animals that parasitise larger ones by drinking their blood without immediately killing them. Medical parasitologists view mosquitoes instead as vectors of disease, carrying protozoan parasites or bacterial or viral pathogens from one host to another. The mosquito life cycle consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Eggs are laid on the water surface; they hatch into motile larv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epoxyagroclavine
Epoxyagroclavine is an ergot alkaloid made by permafrost Permafrost () is soil or underwater sediment which continuously remains below for two years or more; the oldest permafrost has been continuously frozen for around 700,000 years. Whilst the shallowest permafrost has a vertical extent of below ... ''Penicillium''. References {{Ergolines Ergot alkaloids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrinin
Citrinin is a mycotoxin which is often found in food. It is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi that contaminates long-stored food and it can cause a variety of toxic effects, including kidney, liver and cell damage. Citrinin is mainly found in stored grains, but sometimes also in fruits and other plant products. History Citrinin was one of the many mycotoxins discovered by H. Raistrick and A.C. Hetherington in the 1930s. In 1941 H. Raistrick and G. Smith identified citrinin to have a broad antibacterial activity. After this discovery the interest in citrinin rose. However, in 1946 A.M. Ambrose and F. DeEds demonstrated that citrinin was toxic to mammals. As a result, the interest in citrinin decreased, but there still was a lot of research. In 1948 the chemical structure was found by W.B. Whalley and coworkers. Citrinin is a natural compound and it was first isolated from ''Penicillium citrinum'', but is also produced by other ''Penicillium'' species, such as the '' Monasc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a Germ theory of disease, germ. The term ''pathogen'' came into use in the 1880s. Typically, the term ''pathogen'' is used to describe an ''infectious'' microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or Transmission (medicine), transmit disease. However, these animals are usually referred to as parasites rather than pathogens. The scientific study of microscopic organisms, including microscopic pathogenic organisms, is called microbiology, while parasitology refers to the scientific study of parasites and the organisms that host them. There are several pathways through which pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Penicillium Species
This is a list of ''Penicillium'' species. The genus has over 300 species. Species A * '' Penicillium abidjanum'' * '' Penicillium adametzii'' * '' Penicillium adametzioides'' * '' Penicillium aeris'' * '' Penicillium aethiopicum'' * '' Penicillium albicans'' * '' Penicillium albidum '' * '' Penicillium albocoremium'' * '' Penicillium alexiae'' * '' Penicillium alfredii'' * '' Penicillium alicantinum'' * '' Penicillium allahabadense'' * '' Penicillium allii'' * '' Penicillium allii-sativi'' * '' Penicillium alogum'' * '' Penicillium alutaceum'' * '' Penicillium anatolicum'' * '' Penicillium amagasakiense'' * '' Penicillium amaliae'' * '' Penicillium amphipolaria'' * '' Penicillium anatolicum'' * '' Penicillium angulare'' * '' Penicillium angustiporcatum'' * '' Penicillium antarcticum'' * '' Penicillium annulatum'' * '' Penicillium aotearoae'' * '' Penicillium araracuarense'' * '' Penicillium ardesiacum'' * '' Penicillium arenicola'' * '' Penicillium aragonense'' * '' Peni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi Described In 1901
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true fungi'' or ''Eumycet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
