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Peasants' Agreement
The Polish People's Party – Peasants' Agreement (, PSL-PL), commonly known simply as Peasants' Agreement (''PL''), was an agrarian and Christian-democratic political party in Poland. History The party originated from the People's Agreement, an electoral list consisting mainly of Rural Solidarity (RS) and two dissident groups of the Polish People's Party (PSL), the so-called "Polish People's Party ( Mikołajczyk)" and the "Polish People's Party (Wilanów)". The People's Agreement participated in the 1991 parliamentary election, obtaining 5.5% of the vote, 28 seats in the Sejm and five in the Senate.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', pp. 1511–1513 Subsequently, PSL-W's Henryk Bąk was elected Deputy Marshal of the Sejm and the group was part of the government led by Jan Olszewski, with RS' Gabriel Janowski as Minister of Agriculture.Piotr Wróbel (2014) ''Historical Dictionary of Poland 1945-1996'', Routledge, p248 The PL was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rural Solidarity
Rural Solidarity (full name ''Independent Self-governing Trade Union of Individual Farmers "Solidarity"'') is a trade union of Polish farmers, established in late 1980 as part of the growing Solidarity movement. Its legalization became possible on February 19, 1981, when officials of the government of the People's Republic of Poland signed the so-called ''Rzeszów - Ustrzyki Dolne Agreement'' with striking farmers. Previously, Communist government had refused farmers’ right to self-organize, which caused widespread strikes, with the biggest wave taking place in January 1981. The Rural Solidarity was officially recognized on May 12, 1981, and, strongly backed by the Catholic Church of Poland, it claimed to represent at least half of Poland's 3.2 million smallholders. Background After World War II, Poland became a communist country, a satellite of the Soviet Union. Since collective farming is a key component of communist notion of agriculture, in June 1948, the Polish United Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Olszewski
Jan Ferdynand Olszewski (; 20 August 1930 – 7 February 2019) was a Polish conservative lawyer and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Poland for five months between December 1991 and early June 1992 and later became a leading figure of the conservative Movement for the Reconstruction of Poland. During his premiership, Olszewski's cabinet worked under new international conditions. At the end of December 1991, the Soviet Union was dissolved. This motivated the government to start integration with NATO and European Community. For the first time, in official documents, it was mentioned that membership in NATO is part of Polish defence strategy. Negotiations to withdraw Russian armies from Poland started at the end of October 1990, were accelerated. In March 1992, a period of confusion occurred when president Lech Wałęsa presented his conception of new economic and military alliance with former Warsaw Pact during his visit to Germany, which went against the euro Atlantic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Democratic Congress
The Liberal Democratic Congress (, KLD) was a conservative-liberal political party in Poland. The party, led by Donald Tusk, had roots in the Solidarity movement. It advocated free market economy, individual liberty, European integration in the form of European Union membership, and rapid privatisation of the enterprises still owned by the Polish state and decentralisation of the government. History The party was founded in 1990 by the faction of Solidarity that strongly favoured free-market economy. Until 1991, was a part of the Centre Agreement led by the Kaczyński brothers. In the 1991 Polish parliamentary election, KLD got 7.5% of the votes and 37 seats in the Sejm (total 460 seats). Composed of anti-communist neoliberals, the MPs of the Liberal Democratic Congress were heavily involved in the Balcerowicz Plan, a neoliberal "shock therapy" program which dismantled the socialist economy in Poland and introduced a free-market capitalist economy through radical deregulation a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of Christian Democrats
The Party of Christian Democrats (, PChD) was a political party in Poland. The party was considered a right-wing rival to the Christian-Democratic Labour Party, considered the "left wing" of Christian democracy in Poland. History The PChD was established in Poznań on 16 December 1990 by members of the Solidarity trade union and its political arm, the Solidarity Citizens' Committee.Piotr Wróbel (2014) ''Historical Dictionary of Poland 1945-1996'', Routledge, p49 Its founding congress was held on 13 January 1991, with Krzysztof Pawłowski becoming party chairman and Paweł Łączkowski being appointed secretary general. In the 1991 parliamentary elections it received 1.1% of the vote, winning four seats in the Sejm and three in the Senate.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1511–1513 The party joined forces with the Christian National Union for the 1993 parliamentary elections, which they contested as the Catholic Electoral Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Union (Poland)
The Democratic Union () was a liberal Christian-democratic party in Poland. The party was founded in 1991 by Prime Minister, Christian Democrat Tadeusz Mazowiecki as a merger of the Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action (''Ruch Obywatelski Akcja Demokratyczna'') and the Forum of Right Democrats (''Forum Prawicy Demokratycznej''). The party had a Social capitalist outlook with Christian-democratic influence. Important members were Bronisław Geremek, Jacek Kuroń, Adam Michnik, Hanna Suchocka, Jan Rokita and Aleksander Hall. In 1994, the party merged with the Liberal Democratic Congress into the Freedom Union (''Unia Wolności''). Election results Sejm Senate See also *Christian democracy Christian democracy is an ideology inspired by Christian social teaching to respond to the challenges of contemporary society and politics. Christian democracy has drawn mainly from Catholic social teaching and neo-scholasticism, as well ... References 1990 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian-Peasant Party
The Christian-Peasant Party (, SLCh) was a center-right agrarian Polish political party functioning in the early-middle 1990s, between 5 April 1991 and 17 May 1992 as the Polish People's Party "Solidarity" (, PSL "S"). History Initially as Polish People's Party "Solidarity", the party was created in the spring of 1989 as a political branch of Rural Solidarity under . During the party's 2nd Extraordinary Congress on 16 May 1992, the party rebranded as the Christian-Peasant Party. In 1992, , who was a representative of Rural Solidarity at the Round Table Agreement came to power in the party. In the Autumn of 1992, a "rightwing" splinter of SLCh defected to the National Party "Fatherland". On many issues, it closely aligned with the Conservative Party, which it later united with in 1997 to form the Conservative People's Party. Ideology SLCh described itself as a center-right post-Solidarity party pledged to Christian and family values. It supported traditional multi-genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian National Union
The Christian National Union (, ZChN)Maher (2004), p. 3458 was a Christian-democratic and nationalist political party in Poland. Established on 15 September 1989, the party traced its tradition to the Solidarity movement (both the trade union and the Solidarity Citizens' Committee), as well as pre-World War II National Democracy and Polish Christian Democratic Party. The party adhered to the Christian right, advocating social conservatism. From its foundation until 1994, the party was led by Wiesław Chrzanowski, who was Marshal of the Sejm in 1991–1993. History The ZChN was part of the Alliance for Poland, along with the Centre Agreement, and participated in all the governments from 1989 to 1993. In the 1991 parliamentary election the party obtained 8.7% of the votes. In the subsequent 1993 parliamentary election the ZChN, running under formed a broader electoral list and won 6.4% of the votes, falling short of the 8% electoral threshold for coalitions. In 1996, the part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centre Agreement
The Centre Agreement (, PC) was a Christian-democratic political party in Poland. It was established in 1990 and had its roots in the Solidarity trade union and its political arm, the Solidarity Citizens' Committee. Its main leader was Jarosław Kaczyński. The party was initially the party of choice of Polish president Lech Wałęsa and heavily cooperated with him and his environment between 1990 and 1992, leading the first post-communist governments. In 1991, Jan Olszewski from Centre Agreement gained the support of Wałęsa for his candidacy for Prime Minister, forming a PC-led government. However, the government was mired with internal conflicts in 1992 and fell to a vote of no confidence. Afterwards, the party was increasingly marginalized and became a part of Solidarity Electoral Action in 1997. In 1999, the bigger faction of the party left to the newly created Polish Christian Democratic Agreement; further, in 2001, the leadership of the party dissolved Centre Agreement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 Polish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 21 September 1997. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate were elected. The liberal conservative party Solidarity Electoral Action won the most seats in both chambers of parliament and formed a coalition government with the Freedom Union, another liberal party. The elections were a major setback for the Democratic Left Alliance and the Polish People's Party, which were forced out of government. Opinion polls Results Sejm By constituency File:1997 Polish parliamentary election - Vote Strength.svg, Results of the Sejm election, showing vote strength by electoral district. File:Wybory parlamentarne w Polsce w 1997 w powiatach.png, Results of the Sejm election, showing vote strength by powiats (in 1999 borders). Senate By voivodeship References *''Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dn. 25 IX 1997 r.'', Monitor Polski. Nr 64, poz. 620 *''Obwieszczenie PKW z dn. 25 IX 1997 r.'', M.P. Nr 64, poz. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solidarity Electoral Action
Solidarity Electoral Action (, AWS) was a coalition of political parties in Poland, active from 1996 to 2001. AWS was the political arm of the Solidarity (Polish trade union), Solidarity trade union, whose leader Lech Wałęsa (also an AWS member), was President of Poland from 1990 to 1995, and the successor of the parties emerged from the fragmentation of the Solidarity Citizens' Committee. The coalition was led by Marian Krzaklewski and Jerzy Buzek, who was Prime Minister of Poland from 1997 to 2001. Today's main parties in Poland, Law and Justice and Civic Platform, came out from the ashes of AWS. History The AWS was formed in June 1996 as a coalition of over 30 Christian democracy, Christian-democratic, Conservatism, conservative and Liberalism, liberal political parties, mostly from the Solidarity Citizens' Committee, the Solidarity (Polish trade union), Solidarity trade union's political wing. Among them, there were the Christian National Union, the Party of Christian Demo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 Polish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 19 September 1993. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate of Poland, Senate were elected. The elections were won by the left-wing parties of the Democratic Left Alliance (Poland), Democratic Left Alliance and the Polish People's Party, who formed a coalition government. The coalition was just four seats short of a supermajority. Electoral law Changes to the electoral law adopted in the spring of 1993 made medium and large groups be rewarded as a result of division of seats in the D'Hondt method and electoral thresholds were introduced: 5% for parties, 7% for national lists and 8% for Electoral alliance, electoral blocs. Campaign The sudden dissolution of the First Term Sejm meant that most parties were not prepared for the election campaign. The previous dispute between the post-Solidarity and post-communist camps gave way to conflicts within the former to a large extent. Under the influence of the divergence of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Kamiński
Jerzy is the Polish version of the masculine given name George. The most common nickname for Jerzy is Jurek (), which may also be used as an official first name. Occasionally the nickname Jerzyk may be used, which means "swift" in Polish. People *Jerzy, ''nom de guerre'' of Ryszard Białous, Polish World War II resistance fighter * Jerzy Andrzejewski, Polish writer * Jerzy Bartmiński, Polish linguist and ethnologist * Jerzy Braun (other), several people * Jerzy Brzęczek, Polish footballer and manager * Jerzy Buzek, Polish politician and former Prime Minister and former President of the European Parliament * Jerzy Dudek, Polish footballer * Jerzy Fedorowicz, Polish actor and theatre director * Jerzy Ficowski, Polish poet and translator * Jerzy Grotowski, Polish theatre director and theorist * Jerzy Hoffman, Polish film director, screenwriter, and producer * Jerzy Jarniewicz, Polish poet, literary critic, translator and essayist * Jerzy Janiszewski, Polish artist * Jerz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
