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Pareas Formosensis
Formosa slug snake or Taiwan slug snake (''Pareas formosensis'') is a species of non-venomous snake in the family Pareatidae. It is endemic to Taiwan. Taxonomy It has been suggested that '' Pareas chinensis'' should be treated as a synonym of ''P. formosensis'', but recent genetic research does not support this: ''P. formosensis'' does not appear closely related to ''P. chinensis'' but is instead a sister species to '' P. hamptoni''. The delineation of these species is not clear. In future, ''P. formosensis'' might become a subspecies of ''P. hamptoni'', or some snakes from the mainland might be classified as ''P. formosensis''. Further studies have shown that '' Pareas komaii'' is a valid species, instead of being a synonym of ''P. formosensis''. The study also described a new species, '' Pareas atayal'', that have been confused with ''P. formosensis''. Thus, three ''Pareas'' species occur in Taiwan. Description The Formosa slug snake is a small snake with total length up to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Van Denburgh
John Van Denburgh (August 23, 1872 – October 24, 1924) was an American herpetologist from California (who also used the name Van Denburgh in publications, hence this name is used below). Biography Van Denburgh was born in San Francisco and enrolled at Stanford University in 1891. As of 1895, he organized the herpetology department of the California Academy of Sciences. In 1897, he received a Ph.D. from Stanford University and earned a M.D. from Johns Hopkins in 1902. Subsequently, he practiced medicine in San Francisco, while again serving as curator of the herpetological collections of the California Academy of Sciences. After the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 he was instrumental in rebuilding the lost herpetology collections through new expeditions and also acquisitions of other collections. In 1922, he published the two-volume ''The Reptiles of Western North America''. He died in 1924 while on vacation in Honolulu Honolulu ( ; ) is the List of capitals in the Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Description
A species description is a formal scientific description of a newly encountered species, typically articulated through a scientific publication. Its purpose is to provide a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species that have been previously described or related species. For a species to be considered valid, a species description must follow established guidelines and naming conventions dictated by relevant nomenclature codes. These include the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) for animals, the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) for plants, and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for viruses. A species description often includes photographs or other illustrations of type material and information regarding where this material is deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic Fauna Of Taiwan
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or, in scientific literature, as an ''endemite''. Similarly, many species found in the Western ghats of India are examples of endemism. Endemism is an important concept in conservation biology for measuring biodiversity in a particular place and evaluating the risk of extinction for species. Endemism is also of interest in evolutionary biology, because it provides clues about how changes in the environment cause species to undergo range shifts (potentially expanding their range into a larger area or becomin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reptiles Of Taiwan
Reptiles, as commonly defined, are a group of tetrapods with an ectothermic metabolism and amniotic development. Living traditional reptiles comprise four orders: Testudines, Crocodilia, Squamata, and Rhynchocephalia. About 12,000 living species of reptiles are listed in the Reptile Database. The study of the traditional reptile orders, customarily in combination with the study of modern amphibians, is called herpetology. Reptiles have been subject to several conflicting taxonomic definitions. In Linnaean taxonomy, reptiles are gathered together under the class Reptilia ( ), which corresponds to common usage. Modern cladistic taxonomy regards that group as paraphyletic, since genetic and paleontological evidence has determined that birds (class Aves), as members of Dinosauria, are more closely related to living crocodilians than to other reptiles, and are thus nested among reptiles from an evolutionary perspective. Many cladistic systems therefore redefine Reptilia as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snakes Of Asia
Snakes are elongated limbless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes (). Cladistically squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales much like other members of the group. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors and relatives, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads (cranial kinesis). To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most only have one functional lung. Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca. Lizards have independently evolved elongate bodies without limbs or with greatly reduced limbs at least twenty-five times via convergent evolution, leading to many lineages of legless lizards. These resemble snakes, but several common groups of legless lizards have eyelids and external ears, which snakes lack, although this rule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pareas
''Pareas'' is a genus of Asian snakes in the family Pareidae. All species in the genus ''Pareas'' are harmless to humans. Species ''Pareas'' contains the following species: (''Pareas menglaensis'', new species). (''Pareas kaduri'', new species). * '' Pareas abros'' * '' Pareas andersonii'' – Anderson's slug snake * '' Pareas atayal'' – Atayal slug-eating snake * '' Pareas berdmorei'' – Mengla snail-eating snake * '' Pareas boulengeri'' – Boulenger's slug snake * '' Pareas carinatus'' – keeled slug snake * '' Pareas chinensis'' – Chinese slug snake * '' Pareas dulongjiangensis'' – Dulongjiang slug‐eating snake * '' Pareas formosensis'' – Formosa slug snake, Taiwan slug snake * '' Pareas geminatus'' – twin slug snake * '' Pareas hamptoni'' – Hampton's slug snake * '' Pareas iwasakii'' * '' Pareas kaduri'' * '' Pareas komaii'' – Formosa slug snake * '' Pareas kuznetsovorum'' * '' Pareas macularius'' – mountain slug snake * '' Pareas margari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorsal Scales
In snakes, the dorsal scales are the longitudinal series of plates that encircle the body, but do not include the ventral scales. Campbell JA, Lamar WW (2004). ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 2 volumes. 870 pp. 1,500 plates. . When counting dorsal scales, numbers are often given for three points along the body, for example 19:21:17. These numbers correspond to the number of dorsal scales around the body at a head's length behind the head, at midbody and at a head's length before the vent. If only one number is given, it is for the midbody count. Dorsal scale are easiest to count diagonally, starting with the paraventral scale row. In doing so, it is often noted that certain scale rows are raised, keeled or smooth as opposed to the others.U.S. Navy (1991). ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. United States Government. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. . See also *Snake scales *Anatomical terms of locat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iris (anatomy)
The iris (: irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye in most mammals and birds that is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm (optics), diaphragm. Eye color is defined by the iris. Etymology The word "iris" is derived from the Greek word for "rainbow", also Iris (mythology), its goddess plus messenger of the gods in the ''Iliad'', because of the many eye color, colours of this eye part. Structure The iris consists of two layers: the front pigmented Wikt:fibrovascular, fibrovascular layer known as a stroma of iris, stroma and, behind the stroma, pigmented epithelial cells. The stroma is connected to a sphincter muscle (sphincter pupillae), which contracts the pupil in a circular motion, and a set of dilator muscles (dilator pupillae), which pull the iris radially to enlarge the pupil, pulling it in folds. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pareas Atayal
''Pareas atayal'', also known as the Atayal slug-eating snake, is a small, harmless snake endemic to Taiwan. Description ''Pareas atayal'' is a slender, yellow-brown snake which may reach about in length. Its dorsum is primarily yellow-brown or ochre with slightly lighter flanks and a yellow-white or crème belly and chin. Clear, darkly-colored vertical bars mark the sides of this snake, each being roughly two scales wide. Very small brownish dots dust the flanks and dorsum of the snake, where the flanks possess less than the dorsum and the ventral surface possesses less than the flanks. Two very thin, but well-defined black stripes stem from the lower and upper edges of each postorbital scale. The lower postorbital stripe reaches the anterior part of the seventh supralabial scale, but does not continue to the lower jaw or chin. The upper postorbital stripes meet at the base of the head, forming an M-shaped arch. Behaviour Like others of its genus, ''P. atayal'' is a no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pareas Komaii
''Pareas'' is a genus of Asian snakes in the family Pareidae. All species in the genus ''Pareas'' are harmless to humans. Species ''Pareas'' contains the following species: (''Pareas menglaensis'', new species). (''Pareas kaduri'', new species). * ''Pareas abros'' * '' Pareas andersonii'' – Anderson's slug snake * ''Pareas atayal'' – Atayal slug-eating snake * '' Pareas berdmorei'' – Mengla snail-eating snake * '' Pareas boulengeri'' – Boulenger's slug snake * ''Pareas carinatus'' – keeled slug snake * '' Pareas chinensis'' – Chinese slug snake * ''Pareas dulongjiangensis'' – Dulongjiang slug‐eating snake * ''Pareas formosensis'' – Formosa slug snake, Taiwan slug snake * ''Pareas geminatus'' – twin slug snake * ''Pareas hamptoni'' – Hampton's slug snake * ''Pareas iwasakii'' * '' Pareas kaduri'' * '' Pareas komaii'' – Formosa slug snake * '' Pareas kuznetsovorum'' * '' Pareas macularius'' – mountain slug snake * '' Pareas margaritophorus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masamitsu Ōshima
was a Japanese herpetologist and ichthyologist. He received his Master's from Stanford University Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University, is a Private university, private research university in Stanford, California, United States. It was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford (the eighth .... He is noted for studies of the fish species of Taiwan and on snakes. Taxon described by him *See :Taxa named by Masamitsu Ōshima *'' Squalidus iijimae'' Named in honor of zoologist Isao lijima. *'' Pungtungia shiraii'' Named in honor of Kunihiko Shirai. *'' Aphyocypris kikuchii'' Named in honor of Yonetaro Kikuchi (1869–1921), collector for the Taipei Museum in Formosa (Taiwan), who collected the type specimen. *'' Barbodes snyderi'' Snyder's barb. *'' Oncorhynchus masou formosanus'' *'' Spinibarbus hollandi'' Named in honor of zoologist-paleontologist William J. Holland. Partial bibliography *A Review of the Fishes of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subspecies
In Taxonomy (biology), biological classification, subspecies (: subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (Morphology (biology), morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species have subspecies, but for those that do there must be at least two. Subspecies is abbreviated as subsp. or ssp. and the singular and plural forms are the same ("the subspecies is" or "the subspecies are"). In zoology, under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the subspecies is the only taxonomic rank below that of species that can receive a name. In botany and mycology, under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, other infraspecific name, infraspecific ranks, such as variety (botany), variety, may be named. In bacteriology and virology, under standard International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, bacterial nomenclature and virus clas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
