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Pareas Formosensis
Formosa slug snake or Taiwan slug snake (''Pareas formosensis'') is a species of non-venomous snake in the family Pareatidae. It is endemic to Taiwan. Taxonomy It has been suggested that '' Pareas chinensis'' should be treated as a synonym of ''P. formosensis'', but recent genetic research does not support this: ''P. formosensis'' does not appear closely related to ''P. chinensis'' but is instead a sister species to '' P. hamptoni''. The delineation of these species is not clear. In future, ''P. formosensis'' might become a subspecies of ''P. hamptoni'', or some snakes from the mainland might be classified as ''P. formosensis''. Further studies have shown that ''Pareas komaii'' is a valid species, instead of being a synonym of ''P. formosensis''. The study also described a new species, '' Pareas atayal'', that have been confused with ''P. formosensis''. Thus, three ''Pareas'' species occur in Taiwan. Description The Formosa slug snake is a small snake with total length up to . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Van Denburgh
John Van Denburgh (August 23, 1872 – October 24, 1924) was an American herpetologist from California (who also used the name Van Denburgh in publications, hence this name is used below). Biography Van Denburgh was born in San Francisco and enrolled at Stanford University in 1891. As of 1895, he organized the herpetology department of the California Academy of Sciences. In 1897, he received a Ph.D. from Stanford University and earned a M.D. from Johns Hopkins in 1902. Subsequently, he practiced medicine in San Francisco, while again serving as curator of the herpetological collections of the California Academy of Sciences. After the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 he was instrumental in rebuilding the lost herpetology collections through new expeditions and also acquisitions of other collections. In 1922, he published the two-volume ''The Reptiles of Western North America''. He died in 1924 while on vacation in Honolulu, Hawaii. Taxa named by and in honor of Van Denburgh V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Description
A species description is a formal description of a newly discovered species, usually in the form of a scientific paper. Its purpose is to give a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species that have been described previously or are related. In order for species to be validly described, they need to follow guidelines established over time. Zoological naming requires adherence to the ICZN code, plants, the ICN, viruses ICTV, and so on. The species description often contains photographs or other illustrations of type material along with a note on where they are deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million species have been identified and described, out of some 8.7 million that may actually exist. Millions more have become extinct throughout the existence of life on Earth. Naming process A name of a new species becomes valid (available in zo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic Fauna Of Taiwan
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example ''Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reptiles Of Taiwan
Reptiles, as most commonly defined are the animals in the class Reptilia ( ), a paraphyletic grouping comprising all sauropsids except birds. Living reptiles comprise turtles, crocodilians, squamates (lizards and snakes) and rhynchocephalians (tuatara). As of March 2022, the Reptile Database includes about 11,700 species. In the traditional Linnaean classification system, birds are considered a separate class to reptiles. However, crocodilians are more closely related to birds than they are to other living reptiles, and so modern cladistic classification systems include birds within Reptilia, redefining the term as a clade. Other cladistic definitions abandon the term reptile altogether in favor of the clade Sauropsida, which refers to all amniotes more closely related to modern reptiles than to mammals. The study of the traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology. The earliest known proto-reptiles originated aroun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snakes Of Asia
Snakes are elongated, limbless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes . Like all other squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads (cranial kinesis). To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung. Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca. Lizards have evolved elongate bodies without limbs or with greatly reduced limbs about twenty-five times independently via convergent evolution, leading to many lineages of legless lizards. These resemble snakes, but several common groups of legless lizards have eyelids and external ears, which snakes lack, although this rule is not universal (see Amphisbaenia, Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pareas
''Pareas'' is a genus of Asian snakes in the family Pareidae. All species in the genus ''Pareas'' are harmless to humans. Species ''Pareas'' contains the following species: (''Pareas menglaensis'', new species). (''Pareas kaduri'', new species). *'' Pareas abros'' *'' Pareas andersoniil'' – Anderson's slug snake *'' Pareas atayal'' – Atayal slug-eating snake *'' Pareas berdmorei'' – Mengla snail-eating snake *'' Pareas boulengeri'' – Boulenger's slug snake *'' Pareas carinatus'' – keeled slug snake *'' Pareas chinensis'' – Chinese slug snake *'' Pareas formosensis'' – Formosa slug snake, Taiwan slug snake *'' Pareas geminatus'' – twin slug snake *'' Pareas hamptoni'' – Hampton's slug snake *'' Pareas iwasakii'' *'' Pareas kaduri'' *''Pareas komaii'' – Formosa slug snake *'' Pareas kuznetsovorum'' *''Pareas macularius'' – mountain slug snake *'' Pareas margaritophorus'' – mountain slug snake *'' Pareas menglaensis'' – Mengla snail-eating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorsal Scales
In snakes, the dorsal scales are the longitudinal series of plates that encircle the body, but do not include the ventral scales. Campbell JA, Lamar WW (2004). ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 2 volumes. 870 pp. 1,500 plates. . When counting dorsal scales, numbers are often given for three points along the body, for example 19:21:17. These numbers correspond to the number of dorsal scales around the body at a head's length behind the head, at midbody and at a head's length before the vent. If only one number is given, it is for the midbody count. Dorsal scale are easiest to count diagonally, starting with the paraventral scale row. In doing so, it is often noted that certain scale rows are raised, keeled or smooth as opposed to the others.U.S. Navy (1991). ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. United States Government. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. . See also *Snake scales *Anatomical terms of locat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iris (anatomy)
In humans and most mammals and birds, the iris (plural: ''irides'' or ''irises'') is a thin, annular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. Eye color is defined by the iris. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm. Structure The iris consists of two layers: the front pigmented fibrovascular layer known as a stroma and, beneath the stroma, pigmented epithelial cells. The stroma is connected to a sphincter muscle ( sphincter pupillae), which contracts the pupil in a circular motion, and a set of dilator muscles (dilator pupillae), which pull the iris radially to enlarge the pupil, pulling it in folds. The sphincter pupillae is the opposing muscle of the dilator pupillae. The pupil's diameter, and thus the inner border of the iris, changes size when constricting or dilating. The outer border of the iris does not change size. The constr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pareas Atayal
''Pareas'' is a genus of Asian snakes in the family Pareidae. All species in the genus ''Pareas'' are harmless to humans. Species ''Pareas'' contains the following species: (''Pareas menglaensis'', new species). (''Pareas kaduri'', new species). *'' Pareas abros'' *'' Pareas andersoniil'' – Anderson's slug snake *'' Pareas atayal'' – Atayal slug-eating snake *'' Pareas berdmorei'' – Mengla snail-eating snake *''Pareas boulengeri'' – Boulenger's slug snake *''Pareas carinatus'' – keeled slug snake *'' Pareas chinensis'' – Chinese slug snake *''Pareas formosensis'' – Formosa slug snake, Taiwan slug snake *''Pareas geminatus'' – twin slug snake *''Pareas hamptoni'' – Hampton's slug snake *''Pareas iwasakii'' *''Pareas kaduri'' *''Pareas komaii'' – Formosa slug snake *'' Pareas kuznetsovorum'' *''Pareas macularius'' – mountain slug snake *'' Pareas margaritophorus'' – mountain slug snake *''Pareas menglaensis'' – Mengla snail-eating snake * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pareas Komaii
''Pareas'' is a genus of Asian snakes in the family Pareidae. All species in the genus ''Pareas'' are harmless to humans. Species ''Pareas'' contains the following species: (''Pareas menglaensis'', new species). (''Pareas kaduri'', new species). *'' Pareas abros'' *'' Pareas andersoniil'' – Anderson's slug snake *'' Pareas atayal'' – Atayal slug-eating snake *'' Pareas berdmorei'' – Mengla snail-eating snake *'' Pareas boulengeri'' – Boulenger's slug snake *'' Pareas carinatus'' – keeled slug snake *'' Pareas chinensis'' – Chinese slug snake *'' Pareas formosensis'' – Formosa slug snake, Taiwan slug snake *'' Pareas geminatus'' – twin slug snake *'' Pareas hamptoni'' – Hampton's slug snake *'' Pareas iwasakii'' *'' Pareas kaduri'' *'' Pareas komaii'' – Formosa slug snake *'' Pareas kuznetsovorum'' *'' Pareas macularius'' – mountain slug snake *'' Pareas margaritophorus'' – mountain slug snake *'' Pareas menglaensis'' – Mengla snai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masamitsu Ōshima
was a Japanese herpetologist and ichthyologist. He received his Master's from Stanford University. He is noted for studies of the fish species of Taiwan and on snakes. Taxon described by him *See :Taxa named by Masamitsu Ōshima *''Squalidus iijimae'' Named in honor of zoologist Isao lijima. *''Pungtungia shiraii'' Named in honor of Kunihiko Shirai. *'' Aphyocypris kikuchii'' Named in honor of Yonetaro Kikuchi (1869–1921), collector for the Taipei Museum in Formosa (Taiwan), who collected the type specimen. *''Barbodes snyderi'' Snyder's barb. *'' Oncorhynchus masou formosanus'' *'' Spinibarbus hollandi'' Named in honor of zoologist-paleontologist William J. Holland Rev William Jacob Holland FRSE LLD (August 16, 1848 – December 13, 1932) was the eighth Chancellor (education), Chancellor of the University of Pittsburgh (1891–1901) and Director of the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. He was an accomplished .... Partial bibliography *A Review of the Fishes of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subspecies
In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics ( morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species have subspecies, but for those that do there must be at least two. Subspecies is abbreviated subsp. or ssp. and the singular and plural forms are the same ("the subspecies is" or "the subspecies are"). In zoology, under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the subspecies is the only taxonomic rank below that of species that can receive a name. In botany and mycology, under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, other infraspecific ranks, such as variety, may be named. In bacteriology and virology, under standard bacterial nomenclature and virus nomenclature, there are recommendations but not strict requirements for recognizing other important infraspecific ranks. A taxonomist decides w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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