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Paramount Rulers In Early Philippine History
The term ''Paramount Ruler'', or sometimes ''Paramount Datu'', is a term used by historians to describe the highest ranking political authorities in the largest lowland polities or inter-polity alliance groups in early Philippine history, most notably those in Maynila, Tondo, Pangasinan, Cebu, Bohol, Butuan, Cotabato, and Sulu. Titles of paramount rulers in different Filipino people groups Different cultures of the Philippine archipelago used different titles to refer to the most senior datu, or leader, of the Bayan or Barangay state. In Muslim polities such as Sulu and Cotabato, the Paramount ruler was called a ''Sultan''. In Tagalog communities, the equivalent title was ''Lakan''. In communities which historically had strong political or trade connections with Indianized polities in Indonesia and Malaysia, the Paramount Ruler was called a ''Rajah''. Among the Subanon people of the Zamboanga Peninsula, a settlement's Datus answer to a ''Thimuay'', and some Thimuays a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hokkien
Hokkien ( , ) is a Varieties of Chinese, variety of the Southern Min group of Chinese language, Chinese languages. Native to and originating from the Minnan region in the southeastern part of Fujian in southeastern China, it is also referred to as Quanzhang ( zh, c=泉漳, poj=Choân-chiang, links=no), from the first characters of the urban centers of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. Taiwanese Hokkien is one of the national languages in Taiwan. Hokkien is also widely spoken within the overseas Chinese diaspora in Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Hong Kong, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, and elsewhere across the world. Mutual intelligibility between Hokkien dialects varies, but they are still held together by ethnolinguistic identity. In maritime Southeast Asia, Hokkien historically served as the lingua franca amongst overseas Chinese communities of Han Chinese subgroups, all dialects and subgroups, and it remains today as the most spoken Varieties of Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramount Ruler
{{Use American English, date=December 2018 The term paramount ruler, or sometimes paramount king, is a generic description, though occasionally also used as an actual title, for a number of rulers' position in relative terms, as the summit of a feudalistic pyramid of rulers of lesser polities (such as vassal princes) in a given historical and geographical context, often of different ranks, which all recognize the single paramount ruler as their senior, though not necessarily with effectively commanding authority (as in a true empire), but often rather a notion like the Western suzerainty. Whether the term is used where it could apply is essentially a matter of convention, and as the relatively vague, similar definitions overlap, its use may in certain cases coexist with the use of another term as those mentioned in the ''See also'' section. Examples *In the Indian subcontinent, including present Pakistan and Bangladesh, the Turko-Persian Muslim Mughal emperors managed to bring m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajah Sulayman
Sulayman, sometimes referred to as Sulayman III (Arabic script: سليمان, Abecedario: ''Solimán'') (d. 1590s), was a Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Luzon in the 16th century and was a nephew of Rajah Ache of Luzon. He was the commander of the Tagalog forces in the battle of Manila of 1570 against Spanish forces. His palace was within the walled and fortified city of Manila. Sulayman – along with his uncle King Ache and Lakandula, who ruled the adjacent ''bayan'' of Tondo – was one of the three rulers who dealt with the Spanish in the battle of Manila of 1570. The Spanish described him as the most aggressive one due to his youth relative to the other two rulers. Sulayman's adoptive son, baptized Agustin de Legaspi upon conversion to Christianity, was proclaimed the sovereign ruler of Tondo upon the death of Lakandula. He along with most of Lakandula's sons and most of Sulayman's other adoptive sons were executed by the Spanish after being implicated in an assembly t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajah Matanda
Ache (c. 1500s - 1572; Old Spanish orthography: ''Rája Aché'' or ''Raxa Ache'', also known as ''Rája Matandâ'' ("the Old King"), was King of Luzon who ruled from the kingdom's capital Maynila now the capital of the Republic of the Philippines. While still the Crown Prince of Luzon and the grand admiral for the King of Brunei, Ache married a princess of Brunei in 1521. He was the King of Luzon in 1570 when his nephew, the heir apparent (''raja muda'') Sulayman together with Bunao, Lakandula, the lord of Tondo, engaged in a battle with the Martin de Goiti naval detachment to Luzon augmented by Cebuano military volunteers and part of the Legaspi expedition of Spain commissioned from New Spain to find the Maluku Islands. This battle resulted in the fall of Manila and the capture of 13 pieces of artillery. Biography Early life Among the Spanish accounts of Ache's capture, that of Rodrigo de Aganduru Moriz is considered among those which extensively record Ache's statem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajah Kalamayin
Namayan (Baybayin: Pre-Kudlit: or (''Sapa''), Post-Kudlit: ), also called SapaLocsin, Leandro V. and Cecilia Y. Locsin. 1967. ''Oriental Ceramics Discovered in the Philippines.'' Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Company. and sometimes Lamayan, was an independent polity on the banks of the Pasig River in the Philippines. It is believed to have peaked in the 11th-14th centuries, although it continued to be inhabited until the arrival of European colonizers in the 1570s. Formed as a polity occupying several barangays, it was one of several polities on the Pasig River just prior to the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, alongside Tondo, Maynila, and Cainta. Archeological findings in Santa Ana have produced the oldest evidence of continuous habitation among the Pasig River polities, pre-dating artifacts found within the historical sites of Maynila and Tondo.Fox, Robert B. and Avelino M. Legaspi. 1977. ''Excavations at Santa Ana. ''Manila: National Museum of the PhilippinesTo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajah Humabon
Rajah Humabon (also ''Hamabao'' or ''Hamabar'' in other editions of the " First Voyage Around the World") later baptized as Don Carlos Valderrama, was one of the recorded chiefs in historic polity of Cebu who encountered Ferdinand Magellan in the 16th century. Humabon ruled at the time of the arrival of Portuguese-born Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellan in the Philippines in 1521. Humabon, his wife, and his subjects were the first known Christian converts in the Philippines. However, since there were no Catholic priests in Cebu from 1521 to 1565, this Christianity was not practised until the return of the Spaniards to Cebu. There is no official record of Humabon's existence before the Spanish contact. The existing information was written by Magellan's Italian voyage chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta on Humabon and the indigenous Philippine peoples that existed prior to Spanish colonization. Rajah Humabon is cited as the reason for why Magellan fought in the Battle of Mactan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lakan Tagkan
Namayan (Baybayin: Pre-Kudlit: or (''Sapa''), Post-Kudlit: ), also called SapaLocsin, Leandro V. and Cecilia Y. Locsin. 1967. ''Oriental Ceramics Discovered in the Philippines.'' Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Company. and sometimes Lamayan, was an independent Ancient barangay, polity on the banks of the Pasig River in the Philippines. It is believed to have peaked in the 11th-14th centuries, although it continued to be inhabited until the arrival of European colonizers in the 1570s. Formed as a polity occupying several Barangay state, barangays, it was one of several polities on the Pasig River just prior to the History of the Philippines (1565–1898), Spanish colonization of the Philippines, alongside Tondo (historical polity), Tondo, Rajahnate of Maynila, Maynila, and Cainta (historical polity), Cainta. Archeological findings in Santa Ana have produced the oldest evidence of continuous habitation among the Pasig River polities, pre-dating artifacts found within the histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lakan Dula
Lakandula (Baybayin: , Spanish orthography: ''Lacandola'') was the title of the last ''lakan'' or paramount ruler of pre-colonial Tondo when the Spaniards first conquered the lands of the Pasig River delta in the Philippines in the 1570s. The firsthand account of Spanish Royal Notary Hernando Riquel says that he introduced himself to the Spanish as "Sibunao Lacandola". While his given name has since been interpreted as being "Bunao", the historic meaning of the word Lakan, was a title equivalent to prince or paramount ruler, meaning he was the principal Datu or Prince of his domain. Along with Rajah Matanda and Rajah Sulayman, Bunao Lakandula (or Lakan of Tondo), was one of three rulers who played significant roles in the Spanish conquest of the Pasig River delta polities during the earliest days of the Philippines under Spanish colonial period. While it is questionable whether "Lakandula" represented a single titular name during his own lifetime, a few of his descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thimuay Imbing
Timuay Imbing (sometimes referred to as "Timuay Beng Imbing" or "Timuay Labi Beng Imbing"; with the personal name sometimes spelled ''Mbeng'') was the Timuay or ancestral leader of the Subanen people the Zamboanga peninsula in the Philippines during the American colonial Period. One of the most prominent Thimuay in Philippine history, he is perhaps best known for his role in introducing Evangelical Protestantism, through the Christian and Missionary Alliance Churches of the Philippines, to the Subanon people, and for establishing the settlement which would become the present-day municipality of Lapuyan, Zamboanga del Sur. Thimuay Imbing is the ancestor of the royal Imbing clan of Lapuyan, although the title is now also sometimes used in the locality by various individuals who are not royal descendants. Thimuay Imbing is sometimes called "Timuay Labi" or "Highest Timuay" in deference to his achievements as leader of the Lapuyan Subanen. A mountain, Mount Imbing on the boundary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lapuyan, Zamboanga Del Sur
Lapuyan (; Subanen: ''Benwa Dlepuyan''; , Jawi: ايڠد نو لڤوين; Chavacano: ''Municipalidad de Lapuyan''; ), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 27,737 people. The municipality of Lapuyan is located in the southern section of the Zamboanga del Sur province. It is also often referred to as "Little America". History Lapuyan was created by separating the barrios of Lapuyan, Maruing, Kumalarang, Karpok, and Timbang, all of the municipality of Margosatubig and formed into a regular municipality by virtue of Executive Order No. 273 on October 16, 1957, by President Carlos P. Garcia upon the recommendation of Sen. Roseller T. Lim, Gov. Bienvenido Ebarle and the Provincial Board of Zamboanga del Sur. The municipality was formally inaugurated on April 21, 1958, with the induction into office of the following municipal officials: Mayor Coco I. Sia, Vice Mayor Bayang Guiaya, Councilors Dr. V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Kudarat
Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat (or ''Muhammad di-Pertuan Kudrat''; Jawi: ; 1581–1671) was the 7th Sultan of Maguindanao from 1619 to 1671. He was a direct descendant of Shariff Kabungsuwan, a Malay-Arab noble from Johor who brought Islam to Mindanao between the 13th and 14th centuries. During his reign, he successfully fought off Spanish invasions and halted the spread of Catholicism on the island of Mindanao, much like the other Muslim rulers in the southern Philippines. The Soccsksargen province of Sultan Kudarat is named after him, as is the municipality of Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao, where his descendants, who bear the title of ''datu'', engage in present-day politics. Name and titles In the name and titles of Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat, ''Muhammad Dipatuan Kurlat'' in Maguindanaon or ''Muhammad di-Pertuan Kudrat'' in Malay, the Maguindanaon term ''Dipatuan'' is from the Malay title ''di-Pertuan'' which means "ruler" or "owner" and literally means "the one who ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
