|
Panzergewinde (steel Conduit Thread)
The Stahlpanzerrohrgewinde (, "steel conduit thread") standard for screw threads, more often called by the shortened Panzergewinde (), was a technical standard created in Germany and subsequently used in Switzerland, Austria, and other neighboring European countries. It has been retracted. The thread is used to join pieces of electrical conduit and cable glands. Alternative stylings of the German name are ''Stahl-Panzer-Rohr-Gewinde'', an abbreviated form ''StaPa-Rohr-Gewinde'', and the acronym ''PG''. Overview The standard, codified by the ''Deutsches Institut für Normung'' (DIN, German Institute for Standardization), is DIN 40430. ''Panzergewinde'' sizes are named with the prefix ''PG'' plus a nominal number which approximately corresponds to the maximum cable diameter (in millimeters) that can be passed through the conduit. Because the walls of the conduit are usually relatively thin, the thread depth is limited. Thus a thread angle of 80° is used. The ''Verband der Ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verband Der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik Und Informationstechnik
The VDE e. V. () is a German technical-scientific association. ''VDE'' is best known for creating and maintaining standards in the field of electric safety and has a strong influence on the Deutsches Institut für Normung, DIN (German Institute for Standardization). Organization VDE has about 36,000 members (including 1,300 companies), according to its own statements and is one of the largest technical and scientific associations in Europe. The VDE is headquartered in Frankfurt am Main and has main branches in Brussels and Berlin. The president of VDE is the former Alcatel-Lucent, Alcatel and Alstom, Alstom Power manager Alf Henryk Wulf. VDE carries out standardization work, product testing and certification. VDE is involved in technical knowledge transfers, research and promoting young talents in the technologies of electrical engineering, electronics and information technology and their applications. Other VDE activities include ensuring safety in electrical engineering, dev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Threaded Pipe
A threaded pipe is a pipe with screw-threaded ends for assembly. Tapered threads The threaded pipes used in some plumbing installations for the delivery of gases or liquids under pressure have a tapered thread that is slightly conical (in contrast to the parallel sided cylindrical section commonly found on bolts and leadscrews). The seal provided by a threaded pipe joint depends upon multiple factors: the labyrinth seal created by the threads; a positive seal between the threads created by thread deformation when they are tightened to the proper torque; and sometimes on the presence of a sealing coating, such as thread seal tape or a liquid or paste pipe sealant such as pipe dope. Tapered thread joints typically do not include a gasket. Especially precise threads are known as "dry fit" or "dry seal" and require no sealant for a gas-tight seal. Such threads are needed where the sealant would contaminate or react with the media inside the piping, e.g., oxygen service. Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrical Connector
Components of an electrical circuit are electrically connected if an electric current can run between them through an electrical conductor. An electrical connector is an electromechanical device used to create an electrical connection between parts of an electrical circuit, or between different electrical circuits, thereby joining them into a larger circuit. The connection may be removable (as for portable equipment), require a tool for assembly and removal, or serve as a permanent electrical joint between two points. An adapter can be used to join dissimilar connectors. Most electrical connectors have a genderi.e. the male component, called a ''plug'', connects to the female component, or ''socket''. Thousands of configurations of connectors are manufactured for power, data, and audiovisual applications. Electrical connectors can be divided into four basic categories, differentiated by their function: * ''inline'' or ''cable'' connectors permanently attached to a cable, so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junction Box
An electrical junction box (also known as a "jbox") is an enclosure housing electrical connections. Junction boxes protect the electrical connections from the weather, as well as protecting people from accidental electric shocks. Functions of the junction box A small metal, plastic or fiberglass junction box may form part of an electrical conduit or thermoplastic-sheathed cable (TPS) wiring system in a building. If designed for surface mounting, it is used mostly in ceilings, concrete or concealed behind an access panel—particularly in domestic or commercial buildings. An appropriate type (such as that shown in the gallery) may be buried in the plaster of a wall (although full concealment is no longer allowed by modern codes and standards) or cast into concrete—with only the cover visible. It sometimes includes built-in terminals for the joining of wires. A similar, usually wall mounted, container used mainly to accommodate switches, sockets and the associated connecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioreactor
A bioreactor is any manufactured device or system that supports a biologically active environment. In one case, a bioreactor is a vessel in which a chemical reaction, chemical process is carried out which involves organisms or biochemistry, biochemically active chemical substance, substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be Aerobic organism, aerobic or Anaerobic organism, anaerobic. These bioreactors are commonly cylindrical, ranging in size from litres to cubic metres, and are often made of stainless steel. It may also refer to a device or system designed to grow Cell (biology), cells or Biological tissue, tissues in the context of cell culture. These devices are being developed for use in tissue engineering or biochemical engineering, biochemical/bioprocess engineering, bioprocess engineering. On the basis of mode of operation, a bioreactor may be classified as batch reactor, batch, fed-batch, fed batch or continuous reactor, continuous (e.g. a continuous s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Reactor
A chemical reactor is an enclosed volume in which a chemical reaction takes place. In chemical engineering, it is generally understood to be a process vessel used to carry out a chemical reaction, which is one of the classic unit operations in chemical process analysis. The design of a chemical reactor deals with multiple aspects of chemical engineering. Chemical engineers design reactors to maximize net present value for the given reaction. Designers ensure that the reaction proceeds with the highest efficiency towards the desired output product, producing the highest yield (chemistry), yield of product while requiring the least amount of money to purchase and operate. Normal operating expenses include energy input, energy removal, raw material costs, labor, etc. Energy changes can come in the form of heating or cooling, pumping to increase pressure, frictional pressure loss or agitation.Chemical reaction engineering is the branch of chemical engineering which deals with chemical r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyvinyl Chloride
Polyvinyl chloride (alternatively: poly(vinyl chloride), colloquial: vinyl or polyvinyl; abbreviated: PVC) is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic polymer of plastic (after polyethylene and polypropylene). About 40 million tons of PVC are produced each year. PVC comes in rigid (sometimes abbreviated as RPVC) and flexible forms. Rigid PVC is used in construction for pipes, doors and windows. It is also used in making plastic bottles, packaging, and bank or membership cards. Adding plasticizers makes PVC softer and more flexible. It is used in plumbing, electrical cable insulation, flooring, signage, phonograph records, inflatable products, and in rubber substitutes. With cotton or linen, it is used in the production of canvas. Polyvinyl chloride is a white, brittle solid. It is soluble in ketones, chlorinated solvents, dimethylformamide, THF and DMAc. Discovery PVC was synthesized in 1872 by German chemist Eugen Baumann after extended investigation and experimenta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plating
Plating is a finishing process in which a metal is deposited on a surface. Plating has been done for hundreds of years; it is also critical for modern technology. Plating is used to decorate objects, for corrosion inhibition, to improve solderability, to harden, to improve wearability, to reduce friction, to improve paint adhesion, to alter conductivity, to improve IR reflectivity, for radiation shielding, and for other purposes. Jewelry typically uses plating to give a silver or gold finish. Thin-film deposition has plated objects as small as an atom, therefore plating finds uses in nanotechnology. There are several plating methods, and many variations. In one method, a solid surface is covered with a metal sheet, and then heat and pressure are applied to fuse them (a version of this is Sheffield plate). Other plating techniques include electroplating, vapor deposition under vacuum and sputter deposition. Recently, plating often refers to using liquids. Metallizing refers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that demonstrates improved mechanical properties compared to the pure form of iron. Due to steel's high Young's modulus, elastic modulus, Yield (engineering), yield strength, Fracture, fracture strength and low raw material cost, steel is one of the most commonly manufactured materials in the world. Steel is used in structures (as concrete Rebar, reinforcing rods), in Bridge, bridges, infrastructure, Tool, tools, Ship, ships, Train, trains, Car, cars, Bicycle, bicycles, Machine, machines, Home appliance, electrical appliances, furniture, and Weapon, weapons. Iron is always the main element in steel, but other elements are used to produce various grades of steel demonstrating altered material, mechanical, and microstructural properties. Stainless steels, for example, typically contain 18% chromium and exhibit improved corrosion and Redox, oxidation resistance versus its carbon steel counterpart. Under atmospheric pressures, steels generally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thread Angle
In mechanical engineering, the thread angle of a screw is the included angle between the Threading (manufacturing), thread flanks, measured in a plane containing the thread axis.. This is a defining factor for the shape of a screw thread. Standard values include: References Notes Bibliography *. * {{MachinerysHandbook25e Screws Metalworking terminology Threading (manufacturing) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Screw Thread
A screw thread is a helical structure used to convert between rotational and linear movement or force. A screw thread is a ridge wrapped around a cylinder or cone in the form of a helix, with the former being called a ''straight'' thread and the latter called a ''tapered'' thread. A screw thread is the essential feature of the screw as a simple machine and also as a threaded fastener. The mechanical advantage of a screw thread depends on its ''lead'', which is the linear distance the screw travels in one revolution. In most applications, the lead of a screw thread is chosen so that friction is sufficient to prevent linear motion being converted to rotary, that is so the screw does not slip even when linear force is applied, as long as no external rotational force is present. This characteristic is essential to the vast majority of its uses. The tightening of a fastener's screw thread is comparable to driving a wedge into a gap until it sticks fast through friction and slight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
