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Pakenham Railway Line
The Pakenham line is a Commuter rail, commuter railway line on the Railways in Melbourne, Melbourne metropolitan railway network serving the city of Melbourne in Victoria (state), Victoria, Australia. Operated by Metro Trains Melbourne, the line is coloured light blue and is one of the two lines that constitute the Metro Trains Melbourne#Caulfield Group, Caulfield group. It is the city's longest metropolitan railway line at . The line runs from Flinders Street railway station, Flinders Street station in central Melbourne to East Pakenham railway station, East Pakenham station in the south-east, serving 28 stations via South Yarra railway station, South Yarra, Caulfield railway station, Caulfield, Oakleigh railway station, Oakleigh, and Dandenong railway station, Dandenong. The line operates for approximately 20 hours a day (from approximately 4:00 am to around midnight) with 24 hour service available on Friday and Saturday nights. During peak hour, headways of up to 5 to 10 m ...
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East Pakenham Railway Station
East Pakenham railway station is a commuter railway station and the terminus of the Pakenham line, serving the south-eastern Melbourne suburb of Pakenham and the nearby Pakenham East in Victoria, Australia. East Pakenham is a ground-level premium station, featuring an island platform with two faces, and bypass tracks for V/Line regional services. It opened on 3 June 2024. East Pakenham station was constructed at the same time as a rebuild of Pakenham station, as part of the Level Crossing Removal Project. Until mid-2023, the state government referred to the station as Pakenham East railway station. History East Pakenham station was announced in February 2021. It was designed to remove a major bottleneck where through V/Line trains and terminating Metro trains were required to use the same tracks at the old Pakenham station. The new station provides separate turnback tracks for Metro trains and dedicated V/Line bypass tracks, avoiding congestion and improving service ...
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Volt
The volt (symbol: V) is the unit of electric potential, Voltage#Galvani potential vs. electrochemical potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force in the International System of Units, International System of Units (SI). Definition One volt is defined as the electric potential between two points of a electrical conductor, conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power (physics), power between those points. It can be expressed in terms of SI base units (metre, m, kilogram, kg, second, s, and ampere, A) as : \text = \frac = \frac = \frac = \text\text^2\text^. Equivalently, it is the potential difference between two points that will impart one joule of energy per coulomb of charge that passes through it. It can be expressed in terms of SI base units (metre, m, kilogram, kg, second, s, and ampere, A) as : \text = \frac = \frac = \frac = \text\text^2\text^. It can also be expressed as amperes times ohms (curre ...
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Oakleigh, Victoria
Oakleigh is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 14 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Monash local government area. Oakleigh recorded a population of 8,442 at the 2021 census. Once a large independent city, Oakleigh was absorbed into Melbourne as part of the eastward expansion of the metropolis in the 1950s. As a result, it once had its own large historic Central Business District, its municipality in the former City of Oakleigh and its suburbs. The area is traditionally known to have a strong Greek cultural influence, largely due to the influx of immigrants to Australia in the mid-20th century. Thirteen per cent of those living in the suburb speak only Greek at home. Although the origin of the name of the suburb, "Oakleigh," is unclear, local historians have three main theories – that it was derived from she-oaks that grew near Scotchmans Creek; from "Oakleigh Park" an estate near Malvern Hills in England; or fro ...
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Caulfield, Victoria
Caulfield is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, south-east of Melbourne's Melbourne central business district, Central Business District, located within the City of Glen Eira Local government areas of Victoria, local government area. Caulfield recorded a population of 5,748 at the 2021 Australian census, 2021 census. It is bounded by Kooyong Road in the west, Glen Eira Road in the north, Glen Huntly Road in the south and Booran Road in the east. Caulfield is best known as the location of Caulfield Racecourse and the Caulfield campus of Monash University. History Toponymy The origin of the name of Caulfield is not known for certain, but the name seemed to be linked with Baron Caulfield of Ireland, perhaps through John Caulfield, a pioneer of the colony. The name Caulfield was in use by 1853, and the early maps always place it somewhere around the racecourse. Pre-European history The local Yalukit people were coastal and dependent on seafoods, so few Aboriginal relics ...
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Headway
Headway is the distance or duration between vehicles in a transit system. The ''minimum headway'' is the shortest such distance or time achievable by a system without a reduction in the speed of vehicles. The precise definition varies depending on the application, but it is most commonly measured as the distance from the tip (front end) of one vehicle to the tip of the next one behind it. It can be expressed as the distance between vehicles, or as time it will take for the trailing vehicle to cover that distance. A "shorter" headway signifies closer spacing between the vehicles. Airplanes operate with headways measured in hours or days, freight trains and commuter rail systems might have headways measured in parts of an hour, metro and light rail systems operate with headways on the order of 90 seconds to 20 minutes, and vehicles on a freeway can have as little as 2 seconds headway between them. Headway is a key input in calculating the overall route capacity of any transit syst ...
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Dandenong Railway Station
Dandenong railway station is a commuter, regional railway station and the junction point of the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines, which are both part of the Melbourne railway network. It serves the south-eastern suburb of Dandenong, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Dandenong station is a ground level premium station, featuring three platforms, an island platform with two faces and one side platform. It opened on 8 October 1877, with the current station provided in 1995. A number of train stabling sidings are located near the station, including to the north of the station on either side of the railway line, as well as parallel to the platforms. A little-used goods yard was once located to the south of the station. The disused General Motors station was situated between Dandenong and Hallam. History Dandenong opened as one of the original stations on the Melbourne to Sale railway line. In 1892, the South Gippsland line opened from Dandenong. Like the suburb itself, the s ...
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Oakleigh Railway Station
Oakleigh railway station is a commuter railway station in the suburb of Oakleigh, Victoria, Oakleigh in the south-east of Melbourne, Victoria (state), Victoria, Australia. The station opened in 1877 as the up end of the Gippsland line, with the station being electrified in 1922. Oakleigh is a ground-level premium station, consisting of two sides that are connected to each other via the adjacent roads, and both platforms are connected to each other via a pedestrian subway. Oakleigh station is currently served by the Pakenham railway line, Pakenham and Cranbourne railway line, Cranbourne lines, which are both part of the Railways in Melbourne, Melbourne railway network. The station is further served by 11 bus routes, including two SmartBus services. The station is approximately 15 kilometres (9.4 mi) or around a 27-minute train ride away from Flinders Street railway station, Flinders Street. Description Oakleigh railway station the main station in the suburb of Oakleigh. ...
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Caulfield Railway Station
Caulfield railway station is a commuter railway station on the northern boundary of Caulfield East, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Opened in 1879 and rebuilt from 1913 to 1914, the station complex is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and is noted as an example of Federation Free Style architecture. It is named after the nearby suburb of Caulfield, located southwest of the station. The station consists of an island platform and two side platforms, all accessed by a pedestrian underpass. There are three principal station buildings located on the platforms, including a small brick building located on Platform 1, near the main platform building. This building was provided in 1974 and originally served as a ticket office for the Caulfield Racecourse, which is directly adjacent. The station complex also features a rare "horse platform" used when horses were delivered to the racecourse. The station is only partially accessible due to a steep access ramp. Caul ...
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South Yarra Railway Station
South Yarra railway station is a commuter railway station and the junction point for the Cranbourne, Frankston, Pakenham and Sandringham lines, part of the Melbourne railway network. It serves the southern Melbourne suburb of South Yarra in Victoria, Australia. South Yarra is a ground-level premium station featuring six platforms, with two island platforms and two side platforms accessible by an overground concourse. It opened on 22 December 1860. History South Yarra station was opened by the Melbourne and Suburban Railway Company as Gardiners Creek Road. Initially, it served the Brighton line, on what was called the "Prahran Branch". On 1 January 1867, the station was renamed South Yarra. The private railway company, by then the Melbourne and Hobson's Bay United Railway Company, was taken over by the Government of Victoria in 1878, and its network became part of the Victorian Railways. In 1924, historian John Cooper noted that when the South Yarra to Oakleigh lin ...
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Flinders Street Railway Station
Flinders Street railway station is a major railway station located on the corner of Flinders Street, Melbourne, Flinders and Swanston Street, Swanston streets in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is the busiest railway station in Victoria, serving the entire Railways in Melbourne, metropolitan rail network, 15 tram routes travelling to and from the city, and V/Line services to Gippsland V/Line rail service, Gippsland. Opened in 1854 by the Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company, the station, but not the current building, is the oldest in Australia, backing onto the Yarra River in the Melbourne central business district, central business district. The complex now includes 13 platforms and structures that stretch over more than two city blocks, from east of Swanston Street to nearly at Market Street, Melbourne, Market Street. Flinders Street station is served by Metro Trains Melbourne, Metro Trains services, and V/Line regional services to Bairnsdale V/Line rail service, G ...
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Light Blue
Light blue is a color or range of colors, typically a lightened shade with a hue between cyan and blue. The first use of "light blue" as a color term in English language, English is in the year 1915. In Russian and some other languages, there is no single word for blue, but rather different words for light blue (, ) and dark blue (, ). The Ancient Greek word for a light blue, ', also could mean light green, gray, or yellow. In Modern Hebrew, light blue, ' () is differentiated from blue, ' (). In Modern Greek, light blue, ' () is also differentiated from blue, ' (). Variations Light blue (Literal interpretation) This shade is a literal light blue, or in other words, a simple combination of blue and white. It has the same hue as blue (240°) with less saturation in HSV or more lightness in HSL. The specific hex color #8080FF is also commonly used in 3D computer graphics as the base color for Normal mapping, in which it typically represents the smooth areas of the surface. L ...
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Victoria (state)
Victoria, commonly abbreviated as Vic, is a States and territories of Australia, state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state (after Tasmania), with a land area of ; the second-most-populated state (after New South Wales), with a population of over 7 million; and the most densely populated state in Australia (30.6 per km2). Victoria's economy is the List of Australian states and territories by gross state product, second-largest among Australian states and is highly diversified, with service sectors predominating. Victoria is bordered by New South Wales to the north and South Australia to the west and is bounded by the Bass Strait to the south (with the exception of a small land border with Tasmania located along Boundary Islet), the Southern Ocean to the southwest, and the Tasman Sea (a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean) to the southeast. The state encompasses a range of climates and geographical features from its temperate climate, temperate coa ...
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