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Pach Chhoeun
Pach Chhoeun (1895-1971) was a Cambodian patriot, journalist and librarian. In 1936 he co-founded and worked as the Director of the first national Khmer-language newspaper, ''Nagara Vatta'', (Pali for 'Angkor Wat'). The newspaper was an "expression of subdued anti-French colonialism". The newspaper "advocated very moderate reforms, more Cambodian participation in commerce and greater educational opportunities and equal opportunity treatment for Cambodians". Pach Chhoeun served in multiple government positions over the course of his political life including Minister of the National Economy in 1945, Minister of Information in 1951, as well as curator, archivist and first Director of the National Library of Cambodia in the 1950s. In later years, he served as advisor to Lon Nol, the Prime Minister and President of the Khmer Republic during the years 1970-1971. Biographical timeline 1915-1920 Pach Chhoeun enlisted in the French Colonial Army as an interpreter. He served in Flander ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Library Of Cambodia
The National Library of Cambodia (; ) is the national library of Cambodia, based in Phnom Penh. From 1975-1979, the Khmer Rouge destroyed many of the books and bibliographical records, it is commonly thought that about 20% of its 65,000 materials survived, though the true number lost remains unknown. History The National Library of Cambodia was inaugurated by the French colonial administration on 24 December 1924 and it was the first project realized by French architect Louis Chauchon. The library had an initial collection of just 2,879 books, mainly in French. Thereafter it was successively managed by French staff until the appointment of the first Khmer Director, Mr Pach Chhoeun, in 1951. After independence in 1954 there was a steady growth in Cambodian publishing, which was reflected in the increased number of Khmer language books in the National Library. Closed down in 1975 during the Khmer Rouge era, the National Library was used for several years as accommodation by me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lon Nol
Marshal Lon Nol (, also ; 13 November 1913 – 17 November 1985) was a Cambodian military officer and politician who served as Prime Minister of Cambodia twice (1966–67; 1969–71), as well as serving repeatedly as defence minister and provincial governor. As a right-wing nationalist, he led the military coup of 1970 against Prince Norodom Sihanouk, abolished the monarchy, and established the short-lived Khmer Republic. Constitutionally a semi-presidential republic, Cambodia was '' de facto'' governed under a military dictatorship. He was the commander-in-chief of the Khmer National Armed Forces during the Cambodian Civil War and became President of the Khmer Republic on 10 March 1972. On 1 April 1975, 16 days before the Khmer Rouge captured Phnom Penh, Lon Nol fled to the United States, first to Hawaii and then to California, where he remained until his death in 1985. Early life Nol was born in Prey Veng Province on 13 November 1913, to a family of mixed Khmer- Chinese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sim Var
Sim Var (; 2 February 190612 October 1989) was a Cambodian politician. He served as Prime Minister of Cambodia from July 1957 to January 1958 and from April to July 1958. Together with Chhean Vam and Ieu Koeus, he co-founded the Democratic Party in April 1946. As a nationalist, Var opposed the French rule over Cambodia and led opposition movements with other nationalists. He was Cambodia's Ambassador to Japan during the 1970s. Background Sim Var was born in 1906 in the Kompong Cham district of Tbuong Khmom (now a province) to a family of farmers. He was one of the first Cambodian nationalists. He co-founded the Democratic Party in 1946 alongside fellow nationalists Chhean Vam and Ieu Keous, with the purpose of leading a democratic movement against the French protectorate. He also co-founded the first newspaper in Cambodia in 1939 along with Pach Chheun and Son Ngoc Thanh, known as "Nokor Wat". In February 1947, Var was under arrest along with 16 other Democrats by French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Son Ngoc Than
Sơn Ngọc Thành (; 7 December 1908 – 8 August 1977) was a Cambodian nationalist and republican politician, with a long history as a rebel leader and (for brief periods) a government minister. Early life Thanh was born in Trà Vinh, Vietnam, to a mother of both Chinese and Vietnamese ancestry and a Khmer Krom father.: "The first of the Khmer Krom to arrive on the scene in Phnom Penh was Son Ngoc Thanh. Thanh had been born in Cochinchina, and his father was a Khmer Krom landowner, while his mother was from a Chinese-Vietnamese family." He was educated in Saigon, Montpellier and Paris, studying law for a year before returning to Indochina. He found work as a magistrate in Pursat and as a public prosecutor in Phnom Penh before becoming Deputy Director of the Buddhist Institute. Along with another prominent early Khmer nationalist, Pach Chhoeun, he established the first Khmer language newspaper, ''Nagaravatta'', in 1936. The political outlook of ''Nagaravatta'', which urged Khm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangha
Sangha or saṃgha () is a term meaning "association", "assembly", "company" or "community". In a political context, it was historically used to denote a governing assembly in a republic or a kingdom, and for a long time, it has been used by religious associations, including Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs. Given this history, some Buddhists have stated that the tradition of the ''sangha'' represents humanity's oldest surviving democratic institution. In Buddhism, ''sangha'' refers to the monastic communities of ''bhikkhu'' (monks) and '' bhikkhuni'' (nuns). These communities are traditionally referred to as the ''bhikkhu-sangha'' or the ''bhikkhuni-sangha''. As a separate category, those Buddhists who have attained any of the four stages of enlightenment, whether or not they are members of the monastic community, are referred to as the ''āryasaṅgha'' ("noble Sangha"). According to the Theravada school and Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism, the term ''sangha'' does not refer to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hem Chieu
Hem Chieu (; 1898 - 1943) was a Cambodian Buddhist monk and a prominent figure in the development of Khmer nationalism. Chieu was a professor at the Higher School of Pali in Phnom Penh, and strongly objected to attempts by the French colonial authorities, beginning in the late 1930s, to romanize the Khmer writing system. Although the reforms were not intended to be applied to religious texts, he began to make vocal criticisms of the French administration. He became associated with two nationalist activists, Son Ngoc Thanh and Pach Chheoun, editor and founder of a pro-independence Khmer-language newspaper, ''Nagaravatta''. The French authorities believed that Thanh, Chieu and Chheoun, with Japanese backing, were attempting to recruit followers for a bid for independence from the French.Kiernan, B. ''How Pol Pot Came to Power'', Yale UP, 2004, p.42 Arrest On July 18, 1942, the French authorities moved to arrest Chieu and an associate, Nuon Dong. Chieu was alleged to have preache ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Côn Đảo Prison
Côn Đảo Prison (), also Côn Sơn Prison, is a prison on Côn Sơn Island (also known as Côn Lôn), the largest island of the Côn Đảo archipelago in southern Vietnam (today it is in Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province). The prison was built in 1861 by the French colonists to jail those considered especially dangerous to the colonial government. Many of the high-ranking leaders of Vietnam were detained here. It is ranked a special historical relic of national importance by the government of Vietnam. The most famous site in this prison are the "tiger cages" (). The French tiger cages cover an area of 5.475 m2, within which each cell occupies 1.408 m2, solariums occupy 1.873 m2, and other spaces occupy 2.194 m2. The prison includes 120 cells. The prison was closed after the end of the Vietnam War and opened for visitors soon after. History French era In 1861, the French colonial government established a prison on the island to house prisoners who had committed especially se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lok Ta
Lok or LOK may refer to: Places * Lok, Serbia, a village * Lok, Levice District, Slovakia, a village * Lok, Pakistan, a village * Loka (pronounced Lok): a plane of existence in Dharma People Surname Lok (English origin) * Anne Locke, Lock or Lok (1530–after 1590), English poet, translator and Calvinist * William Lok (1480–1550), usher to Henry VIII * Henry Lok (1553?-1608?), English poet, grandson of William Lok * John Lok, English sea captain, son of William Lok * Michael Lok, (c.1532–c.1621), English traveller, son of William Lok * Rose Lok (1526–1613), English writer, daughter of William Lok Surname Lok (Chinese origin 駱) * Anna Suk-Fong Lok, gastroenterologist at the University of Michigan * Felix Lok (b. 1953), Hong Kong actor * Rose Lok (pilot) (b. 1912) * Lok Kwan Hoi, Hong Kong rower Surname Lok (Other origins) * Cees Lok (born 1966), Dutch former footballer Fictional characters * Lok, the protagonist of William Golding's novel '' The Inherit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norodom Sihanouk
Norodom Sihanouk (; 31 October 192215 October 2012) was a member of the House of Norodom, Cambodian royal house who led the country as Monarchy of Cambodia, King, List of heads of state of Cambodia, Chief of State and Prime Minister of Cambodia, Prime Minister. In Cambodia, he is known as Samdech Euv (meaning "King Father"). During his lifetime, Cambodia was under various regimes, from French protectorate of Cambodia, French colonial rule (until 1953), a Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945), Japanese puppet state (1945), an Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970), independent kingdom (1953–1970), a Khmer Republic, military republic (1970–1975), the Democratic Kampuchea, Khmer Rouge regime (1975–1979), a People's Republic of Kampuchea, Vietnamese-backed communist regime (1979–1989), a People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea#Transition_and_State_of_Cambodia_(1989–1993), transitional communist regime (1989–1993) to eventually Modern Cambodia, another kingdom (since 1993). Sihanouk was the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khmer Issarak
The Khmer Issarak (, or 'Independent Khmer') was a "loosely structured" anti- French and anti-colonial independence movement. The movement has been labelled as “amorphous”. The Issarak was formed around 1945 and composed of several factions, each with its own leader. Most of the Issarak factions fought actively between the end of the Second World War in 1945 and Cambodia’s independence in 1953. The initial objective of the Khmer Issarak was to fight against the French in order to gain independence, before later focusing on overthrowing the Cambodian government. The term Issarak originally referred to non-communist, but in the early 1950s the Việt Minh-guided guerrillas branded themselves Issaraks for the sake of unifying other non-communist forces. The Issarak Poc Khun, a highborn Khmer, founded a movement in Bangkok in 1944, and called it the Khmer Issarak for the first time on record. Some of the early Issarak members were backed by the Thai authoritat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huy Kanthoul
Huy Kanthoul (; 1 February 1909 – 13 September 1991) was the Prime Minister of Cambodia The prime minister of Cambodia (, UNGEGN: , ; literally 'chief minister') is the head of government of Cambodia. The prime minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet of Cambodia, Cabinet and leads the executive branch of the Royal Government ... from 1951 to 1952. References 1909 births 1991 deaths Prime ministers of Cambodia Cambodian expatriates in France Democratic Party (Cambodia) politicians People from Phnom Penh {{Cambodia-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1895 Births
Events January * January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island (off French Guiana) on what is much later admitted to be a false charge of treason. * January 6 – The Wilcox rebellion, an attempt led by Robert Wilcox to overthrow the Republic of Hawaii and restore the Kingdom of Hawaii, begins with royalist troops landing at Waikiki Beach in O'ahu and clashing with republican defenders. The rebellion ends after three days and the remaining 190 royalists are taken prisoners of war. * January 12 – Britain's National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty is founded by Octavia Hill, Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley. * January 13 – First Italo-Ethiopian War: Battle of Coatit – Italian forces defeat the Ethiopians. * January 15 – A warehouse fire and dynamite explosion kills 57 people, including 13 firefighters in Butt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
