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PFM
PFM may refer to: * Federal Ministerial Police (''Policía Federal Ministerial''), a Mexican federal agency tasked with fighting corruption and organized crime * Pacific Fast Mail, a manufacturer of brass model trains * Pen For Men, a 1959 model of the Sheaffer Pen Corporation * Personal financial management, a class of online tools and services for money tracking, budgeting, and advice * PFM Group (Pietro Fioravanti Machinery), an Italian multinational in the packaging and weighing machinery industry * Photonic force microscope, an optical tweezer based method to measure forces in the range of several piconewtons * Piezoresponse force microscopy, a technique typically used to investigate and manipulate ferroelectric domains on nanoscale dimensions * Plasma-facing material, the material used to line the reactor vessel in a fusion power reactor * Pontefract Monkhill railway station, England, United Kingdom; National Rail station code PFM * Porcelain Fused to Metal, the most common ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Premiata Forneria Marconi
Premiata Forneria Marconi (PFM) (translation: ''Award-winning Marconi Bakery'') is an Italian progressive rock band founded in 1970 which continues to the present day. They were the first Italian group to have success internationally. The group recorded five albums with English lyrics between 1973 and 1977. During this period they entered both the British and American charts. They also had several successful European and American tours, playing at the popular Reading Festival in England and on a very popular national television program in the United States. PFM introduced new sounds, such as the synthesizer, to the Italian musical world. They were also among the first to combine symphonic classical and traditional Italian musical influences in a rock music context. Such innovations and their longevity have earned PFM a place among the most important bands in the Progressive rock genre. History 1966–1970 The original core members of PFM were Franco Mussida (guitars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a variant of atomic force microscopy (AFM) that allows imaging and manipulation of piezoelectric/ferroelectric materials domains. This is achieved by bringing a sharp conductive probe into contact with a ferroelectric surface (or piezoelectric material) and applying an alternating current (AC) bias to the probe tip in order to excite deformation of the sample through the converse piezoelectric effect (CPE). The resulting deflection of the probe cantilever is detected through standard split photodiode detector methods and then demodulated by use of a lock-in amplifier (LiA). In this way topography and ferroelectric domains can be imaged simultaneously with high resolution. Basic principles General overview Piezoresponse force microscopy is a technique which since its inception and first implementation by Güthner and Dransfeld has steadily attracted more and more interest. This is due in large part to the many benefits and few drawbacks tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PFM Group
PFM Group is an Italian multinational company in the packaging and weighing machinery industry, producing Flow Wrap and Form Fill Seal machines, automatic packaging lines and Multihead weighers employed in the food and non-food industries. Arrangement of the company PFM Group is made up of nine companies: the Italian parent company, ''PFM Packaging Machinery'', which works alongside the ''UK PFM LTD'', ''North American PFM'' Corporation, and German ''PFM Germany'' companies. ''BG Pack SPA'', which is based in Bergamo, specialising in the manufacture of special packaging machines for recloseable packs. ''MBP'', based in Mantua, specialise in the production of multi-head weighers and vertical packaging machines thereby completing the range offered by PFM. Last in order of acquisition is ''SPS Italiana Pack Systems'', which has come back into the hands of those who founded the company after exchanging ownership a number of times; this company from Novara manufacture automatic hand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Personal Financial Management
Personal financial management (PFM) refers to software that helps users manage their money. PFM often lets users categorize transactions and add accounts from multiple institutions into a single view. PFM also typically includes data visualizations such as spending trends, budgets and net worth. History PFM started in 1983 with the founding of Intuit. Scott Cook and Tom Proulx, the company’s founders, witnessed the rise of the personal computer and saw an opportunity to develop personal financial software. Their flagship product, Quicken, became a standard for many households and was eventually followed by QuickBooks, which helped small businesses manage their finances. Around the same time, a similar competing product introduced by MECA Software, conceived by MECA President Gerald Rubin, and designed by author Andrew Tobias called Managing-Your-Money (MYM) came out, first running on the Apple-II, and later the IBM-PC. Later in 1990 Microsoft released their own PFM platform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulse-frequency Modulation
Pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) is a modulation method for representing an analog signal using only two levels (1 and 0). It is analogous to pulse-width modulation (PWM), in which the magnitude of an analog signal is encoded in the duty cycle of a square wave. Unlike PWM, in which the width of square pulses is varied at a constant frequency, PFM fixes the width of square pulses while varying the frequency. In other words, the frequency of the pulse train is varied in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal at sampling intervals. The amplitude and width of the pulses are kept constant. Applications PFM is a method of encoding analog signals into trains of square pulses and therefore has a wide variety of applications. There are practical difficulties in the design of electronics when working with non-fixed frequencies, such as transmission line effects in board layout and magnetic component selection, so generally, PWM mode is preferred. There are, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netpbm Format
Netpbm (formerly Pbmplus) is an open-source package of graphics programs and a programming library. It is used mainly in the Unix world, where one can find it included in all major open-source operating system distributions, but also works on Microsoft Windows, macOS, and other operating systems. File formats Several graphics formats are used and defined by the Netpbm project. The portable pixmap format (PPM), the portable graymap format (PGM) and the portable bitmap format (PBM) are image file formats designed to be easily exchanged between platforms. They are also sometimes referred to collectively as the portable anymap format (PNM), not to be confused with the related portable arbitrary map format (PAM). The "magic number" (Px) at the beginning of a file determines the type, not the file extension, although it is best practice to use the right extension if possible. The PBM format was invented by Jef Poskanzer in the 1980s as a format that allowed monochrome bitmaps to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Printer Font Metrics
PostScript fonts are font files encoded in outline font specifications developed by Adobe Systems for professional digital typesetting. This system uses PostScript file format to encode font information. "PostScript fonts" may also separately be used to refer to a basic set of fonts included as standards in the PostScript system, such as Times New Roman, Helvetica, and Avant Garde. History Type 1 and Type 3 fonts, though introduced by Adobe in 1984 as part of the PostScript page description language, did not see widespread use until March 1985 when the first laser printer to use the PostScript language, the Apple LaserWriter, was introduced. Even then, in 1985, the outline fonts were resident only in the printer, and the screen used bitmap fonts as substitutes for outline fonts. Although originally part of PostScript, Type 1 fonts used a simplified set of drawing operations compared to ordinary PostScript (programmatic elements such as loops and variables were removed, much ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Ministerial Police
The Federal Ministerial Police (in Spanish: ''Policía Federal Ministerial'', PFM) is a Mexican federal agency tasked with fighting corruption and organized crime, through an executive order by President Felipe Calderón. The agency is directed by the Attorney General's Office (FGR) and may have been partly modeled on the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States. PFM agents in action often wear masks to prevent themselves from being identified by gang leaders. PFM agents are uniformed when carrying out raids. "Street-level" uniformed federal police patrols and transport terminal security are handled by the service personnel of the National Guard. History It was formed in 2009 as a reform and renaming of the Federal Investigative Agency (Agencia Federal de Investigación or AFI) which had replaced an earlier agency, the Federal Judicial Police. Some agents of the Federal Investigations Agency were believed to work as enforcers for the Sinaloa Cartel. The Attorney Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brass Model
Brass models, made of brass or similar alloys, are scale models typically of railroad equipment, bridges and occasionally, of buildings. Although die-cast or plastic models have made considerable advances in late 1990s and continue to improve, brass models offer finer details. Brass models, considered to be collector's pieces and museum quality finish, are often used for display purposes rather than model railroad operations. However, these can be made fully operational and many railroaders do use them on their model railroads. They are generally considerably more expensive than other types of models due to limited production quantities and the "handmade" nature of the product itself. History In the late 1950s, Japan was known for producing low cost toys and products for export. The first brass model train were born during the occupation of Japan by Allied forces. Members of allied forces saw some of the models built by various craftsman and procured photos of American steam loco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photonic Force Microscope
Photonic force microscopy (PFM) is an optical-tweezers-based microscopy technique. A small dielectric particle (20 nm to several micrometres) is held by a strongly focused laser A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word "laser" is an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". The firs ... beam. The forward scattered light, i.e. the light whose orientation is slightly changed while passing through the particle, and unscattered light are collected by a lens and projected onto a Quadrant Photo-Diode (QPD), i.e. a Position sensitive device (PSD). These two components interfere in the detector and produce signals, which permit the detection of the bead's position in three dimensions. The precision is very good (as low as 0.1 nm) and the recording speed is very high (up to 1 MHz). Brownian motion deflects the bead from the resti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasma-facing Material
In nuclear fusion power research, the plasma-facing material (or materials) (PFM) is any material used to construct the plasma-facing components (PFC), those components exposed to the plasma within which nuclear fusion occurs, and particularly the material used for the lining the first wall or divertor region of the reactor vessel. Plasma-facing materials for fusion reactor designs must support the overall steps for energy generation, these include: #Generating heat through fusion, #Capturing heat in the first wall, #Transferring heat at a faster rate than capturing heat. #Generating electricity. In addition PFMs have to operate over the lifetime of a fusion reactor vessel by handling the harsh environmental conditions, such as: # Ion bombardment causing physical and chemical sputtering and therefore erosion. # Ion implantation causing displacement damage and chemical composition changes # High-heat fluxes (e.g. 10 MW/m^2) due to ELMS and other transients. # Limited tritium c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontefract Monkhill Railway Station
Pontefract Monkhill railway station is the busiest station in the town of Pontefract, West Yorkshire, England. The station is on the Pontefract Line managed by Northern (train operating company), Northern but is also served by Grand Central (train operating company), Grand Central and is south east of Leeds railway station, Leeds. The other stations in the town are Pontefract Tanshelf railway station, Pontefract Tanshelf and Pontefract Baghill railway station, Pontefract Baghill. History The lines to Leeds via Castleford and Wakefield Kirkgate separate immediately west of the station, which was opened by the ''Wakefield, Pontefract & Goole Railway'' (one of the constituent companies of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway) in April 1848.Body, p. 143 The branch to Castleford (Cutsyke) & Methley Junction was completed the following year (on 1 December) and a pair of short curves were subsequently constructed from the eastern end to link up with the Swinton & Knottingley Jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
