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Outlines Of A Critique Of Political Economy
'Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy' is an article by Friedrich Engels, written in 1843, and first published in German, under the title 'Umrisse zu einer Kritik der Nationalökonomie' in 1844 in the '' Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher.'' The ''Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher'' (German-French Annals) was a journal, published by Karl Marx and Arnold Ruge in Paris, that had only one issue. In that issue Engels wrote two articles: 'The situation in England' (p. 152-181) and 'Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy' (p. 71-85). Among the other contributors to the ''Jahrbücher'' were Heinrich Heine and Karl Marx. The 'Umrisse', as the article is often called, was first translated into English in 1964 by Martin Milligan, who also translated the ''Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844'' by Karl Marx. The article was also translated in other languages, like Italian in 1895, Russian in 1905 and French in 1974. The article has often been neglected, but p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels ( ;"Engels" ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''. ; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, political theorist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He was also a businessman and Karl Marx's lifelong friend and closest collaborator, serving as the co-founder of Marxism. Born in Barmen in the Kingdom of Prussia, Engels was the son of a wealthy textile manufacturer. Despite his Bourgeoisie, bourgeois background, he became a staunch critic of capitalism, influenced by his observations of industrial working conditions in Manchester, England, as published in his early work ''The Condition of the Working Class in England'' (1845). He met Marx in 1844, after which they jointly authored works including ''The Holy Family (book), The Holy Family'' (1844), ''The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxists Internet Archive
Marxists Internet Archive, also known as MIA or Marxists.org, is a non-profit online encyclopedia that hosts a multilingual library (created in 1990) of the works of communist, anarchist, and socialist writers, such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Rosa Luxemburg, Mikhail Bakunin, Peter Kropotkin, and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, as well as that of writers of related ideologies, and even unrelated ones (for instance, Sun Tzu). The collection is maintained by volunteers and is based on a collection of documents that were distributed by email and newsgroups, later collected into a single gopher site in 1993. It contains over 180,000 documents from over 850 authors in 80 languages. All material in the archive is provided free of charge to users, although not necessarily free of copyright. History Origins The archive was created in 1990 by a person known only by their Internet tag, Zodiac, who started archiving Marxist texts by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mode Of Production
In the Marxist theory of historical materialism, a mode of production (German: ''Produktionsweise'', "the way of producing") is a specific combination of the: * Productive forces: these include human labour power and means of production (tools, machinery, factory buildings, infrastructure, technical knowledge, raw materials, plants, animals, exploitable land). * Social and technical relations of production: these include the property, power and control relations (legal code) governing the means of production of society, cooperative work associations, relations between people and the objects of their work, and the relations among the social classes. Marx said that a person's productive ability and participation in social relations are two essential characteristics of social reproduction, and that the particular modality of those social relations in the capitalist mode of production is inherently in conflict with the progressive development of the productive capabilities of human ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Smith
Adam Smith (baptised 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the field of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Seen by some as the "father of economics"——— or the "father of capitalism".———— He is known for two classic works: ''The Theory of Moral Sentiments'' (1759) and ''The Wealth of Nations, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations'' (1776). The latter, often abbreviated as ''The Wealth of Nations'', is regarded as his ''magnum opus'', marking the inception of modern economic scholarship as a comprehensive system and an academic discipline. Smith refuses to explain the distribution of wealth and power in terms of divine will and instead appeals to natural, political, social, economic, legal, environmental and technological factors, as well as the interactions among them. The work is notable for its contribution to economic theory, particularly in its exposition o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Contribution To The Critique Of Political Economy
''A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy'' () is a book by Karl Marx, first published in 1859. The book is mainly a critique of political economy achieved by critiquing the writings of the leading theoretical exponents of capitalism at that time: these were the political economists, nowadays often referred to as the classical economists; Adam Smith (1723–90) and David Ricardo (1772–1823) are the foremost representatives of the genre. Significance Much of the ''Critique'' was later incorporated by Marx into his ''magnum opus'', ''Capital'' (Volume I), published in 1867, and the ''Critique'' is generally considered to be of secondary importance among Marx's writings. This does not apply, however, to the Preface of the ''Critique''. It contains the first connected account of one of Marx's main theories: the materialist conception of history, and its associated "base and superstructure" model of society, which divides human social development into an economic-tec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
On The Jewish Question
"On the Jewish Question" is a response by Karl Marx to then-current debates over the Jewish question. Marx's father had converted to Lutheran Christianity, and his wife and children were baptized in 1825 and 1824, respectively. Marx wrote the piece in 1843, and it was first published in Paris in 1844 under the German title "Zur Judenfrage" in the '' Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher.'' The essay criticizes two studies by Marx's fellow Young Hegelian, Bruno Bauer, on the attempt by Jews to achieve political emancipation in Prussia. Bauer argued that Jews could achieve political emancipation only by relinquishing their particular religious consciousness since political emancipation requires a secular state; Bauer assumes that there is not any "space" remaining for social identities such as religion. According to Bauer, such religious demands are incompatible with the idea of the " Rights of Man". True political emancipation, for Bauer, requires the abolition of religion. Marx use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critique Of Hegel's Philosophy Of Right
''Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right'' () is a manuscript written by the German political philosopher Karl Marx in 1843 but unpublished during his lifetimeexcept for the introduction, published in '' Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher'' in 1844. In the manuscript, Marx comments on excerpts of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's 1820 book ''Elements of the Philosophy of Right'' that deal with 'civil society' and the state paragraph by paragraph. Narrative of the work develops around analysis of the relations between "civil society" and " political society". For Marx, the modern state, originating in Europe, is characterized by an historically unprecedented separation between an individual's "real" life in civil society from his "political" life as a citizen of the state. One of Marx's major criticisms of Hegel in the document is the fact that many of his dialectical arguments begin in abstraction. This work contains the earliest formulation of Marx's theory of alienation, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Kautsky
Karl Johann Kautsky (; ; 16 October 1854 – 17 October 1938) was a Czech-Austrian Marxism, Marxist theorist. A leading theorist of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Second International, Kautsky advocated orthodox Marxism, and his views dominated European Marxism for about two decades, from the death of Friedrich Engels in 1895 to the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Born in Prague, Kautsky studied at the University of Vienna. In 1875, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Austria, and from 1883 founded and edited the influential journal ''Die Neue Zeit''. From 1885 to 1890, he lived in London, where he worked with Engels. He moved back to Germany in 1890 and became active in the SPD, and wrote the theory section of its Erfurt Program of 1891, a major influence on other European socialist parties. On the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Kautsky opposed the SPD's collaboration with the German war effort. In 1917, he joined the Independent Social Democratic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Adler
__NOTOC__ Victor Adler (24 June 1852 – 11 November 1918) was an Austrian politician, a leader of the labour movement and founder of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP). Life Adler was born on 24 June 1852, in Prague, the son of a Jewish merchant, who came from Leipnik in Moravia. His family moved to the Leopoldstadt borough of Vienna when he was three years old. He attended the renowned Catholic Schottenstift '' gymnasium'', together with Heinrich Friedjung one of the few Jewish students, whereafter he studied chemistry and medicine at the University of Vienna. Having graduated in 1881, he worked as assistant of Theodor Meynert at the psychiatric department of the General Hospital. In 1878, he had married Emma Braun. Their son Friedrich was born in 1879. From 1882 to 1889, the couple resided at 19 Berggasse in the Alsergrund borough of Vienna, an address that later became famous as the office of Sigmund Freud (the present-day Sigmund Freud Museum). Adler initia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filippo Turati
Filippo Turati (; 26 November 1857 – 29 March 1932) was an Italian sociologist, criminologist, poet and socialist politician. Early life Born in Canzo, province of Como, he graduated in law at the University of Bologna in 1877, and participated in the ''Scapigliatura'' movement with the most important artists of the period in Milan. Turati became interested in politics, being attracted to the democratic movement before joining the more specific socialist groups. In 1886, Turati wrote the words of the '' Workers' Hymn'', a popular socialist anthem that was set to music by Amintore Galli, and is considered among the most significant historic songs of the Italian workers' movement. By this time, Turati was associated with the Milanese Socialist League, a supporting group of Costantino Lazzari's Italian Workers' Party. Turati was reluctant to compose the anthem, but was persuaded by his mother, Adele. He was ashamed of the final text, and promised Lazzari, who commissioned i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marx/Engels Collected Works
''Marx/Engels Collected Works'' (also known as ''MECW'') is the largest existing collection of English translations of works by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Its 50 volumes contain publications by Marx and Engels released during their lifetimes, many unpublished manuscripts of Marx's economic writings, and extensive personal correspondence. The ''Collected Works'', for the most part compiled by the Institute of Marxism-Leninism of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was issued from 1975 to 2004 by Progress Publishers (1931, Moscow) in collaboration with Lawrence and Wishart (1936, London) and International Publishers (1924, New York City). History and overview Although about a third of Marx and Engels' works were originally written in English and partly published in the British or American press, the vast majority of their literary legacy was not collected, translated (where necessary) and made available in an extensive English edition for dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher
The ''Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher'' (''German–French Annals'') was a journal published in Paris by Karl Marx and Arnold Ruge. It was created as a reaction to the censorship of the '' Rheinische Zeitung''. History and profile ''Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher'' published only one issue, a double number, appeared in February 1844. Marx's essay ''On The Jewish Question'' and the introduction to the manuscript ''Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right'' were published in this issue. Friedrich Engels also submitted articles to the journal, and publication of Engels' essay "Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy" led to further correspondence between Marx and Engels. In the months following publication, Marx was accused by the Prussian government of high treason and lèse-majesté for his writings in the ''Jahrbücher.'' The publication was discontinued because of Marx's differences in principle with Ruge and the difficulty of smuggling the periodical into Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
