|
Orientia Tsutsugamushi
''Orientia'' is a genus of bacteria in family Rickettsiaceae. They are obligate intracellular, gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists ... bacteria found in insects and mammals. They are spread through the bites or feces of infected insects. The genus comprises the species '' Orientia tsutsugamushi'' and ''Orientia chuto'', which both cause scrub typhus in humans. Candidatus Orientia chiloensis Orientia chiloensis is a possible new species of Orientia identified as such by a highly divergent type-specific antigen gene. In Chile scrub typhus is known to occur in the southern half of the country and in particular Chiloé Island and the fjords and channels of Patagonia. Between 2015 and 2020 there was a total of 40 known cases in Chile with much of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candidatus
In prokaryote nomenclature, ''Candidatus'' (abbreviated ''Ca.''; Latin for "candidate of Roman office") is used to name prokaryotic taxa that are well characterized but yet- uncultured. Contemporary sequencing approaches, such as 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing or metagenomics, provide much information about the analyzed organisms and thus allow identification and characterization of individual species. However, the majority of prokaryotic species remain uncultivable and hence inaccessible for further characterization in ''in vitro'' study. The recent discoveries of a multitude of candidate taxa has led to candidate phyla radiation expanding the tree of life through the new insights in bacterial diversity. Nomenclature History The initial International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) as well as early revisions did not account for the possibility of identifying prokaryotes which were not yet cultivable. This was in apparent conflict with the ICNP's stated scope, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orientia Tsutsugamushi
''Orientia'' is a genus of bacteria in family Rickettsiaceae. They are obligate intracellular, gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists ... bacteria found in insects and mammals. They are spread through the bites or feces of infected insects. The genus comprises the species '' Orientia tsutsugamushi'' and ''Orientia chuto'', which both cause scrub typhus in humans. Candidatus Orientia chiloensis Orientia chiloensis is a possible new species of Orientia identified as such by a highly divergent type-specific antigen gene. In Chile scrub typhus is known to occur in the southern half of the country and in particular Chiloé Island and the fjords and channels of Patagonia. Between 2015 and 2020 there was a total of 40 known cases in Chile with much of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magallanes Region
The Magallanes Region (), officially the Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region () or Magallanes and the Chilean Antarctica Region in English, is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It is the southernmost, largest, and second least populated Regions of Chile, region of Chile. It comprises four provinces of Chile, provinces: Última Esperanza Province, Última Esperanza, Magallanes Province, Magallanes, Tierra del Fuego Province, Chile, Tierra del Fuego, and Antártica Chilena. The region takes its name from the Strait of Magellan which runs through it, which was in turn named after Ferdinand Magellan, the leader of the European expedition that discovered it. Magallanes's geographical features include Torres del Paine, Cape Horn, Tierra del Fuego island, and the Strait of Magellan. It also includes the Chilean Antarctic Territory, Antarctic territory claimed by Chile. Despite its large area, much of the land in the region is rugged or closed off for sheep f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Mercurio
(known online as ''El Mercurio On-Line'', ''EMOL'') is a Chilean newspaper with editions in Valparaíso and Santiago. is owned by El Mercurio S.A.P. (''Sociedad Anónima Periodística'' 'joint stock news company'), which operates a network of 19 regional dailies and 32 radio stations across the country. History The Valparaíso edition of was founded by Pedro Félix Vicuña ( Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna's father) on September 12, 1827, and was later acquired by Agustín Edwards Ross in 1880. The Santiago edition was founded by Agustín Edwards Mac Clure, son of Edwards Ross, on June 1, 1900. In 1942 Edwards Mac Clure died and his son Agustín Edwards Budge took over as president. When Edwards Budge died in 1956, his son, Agustín Edwards Eastman, took control of the company. Edwards Eastman died in 2017, leaving the company in hands of his son Cristián Edwards del Río. El Mercurio SAP owns the Chilean afternoon daily newspaper '' La Segunda'', which published news wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fjords And Channels Of Chile
The southern coast of Chile presents a large number of fjords and fjord-like channels from the latitudes of Cape Horn (55° S) to Reloncaví Estuary (42° S). Some fjords and channels are important navigable channels providing access to ports like Punta Arenas, Puerto Chacabuco, and Puerto Natales. History Indigenous peoples The earliest known inhabitants of the fjords and channels of Chile were, from north to south, the Chono, Alacalufe, and Yaghan, all of whom shared a life style as canoe-faring hunter-gatherers. They also shared physical traits such as being of low stature, long-headed (''Dolichocephalic''), and having a "low face".Trivero Rivera 2005, p. 42. Despite similarities their languages were completely different.Trivero Rivera 2005, p. 33. The Chono moved around in the area from Chiloé Archipelago to 50° S and the Alacalufe from 46° S to the Strait of Magellan. Thus both groups overlapped in Gulf of Penas, Guayaneco Archipelago and other islands. Yaghans inha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiloé Island
Chiloé Island (, , ), also known as Greater Island of Chiloé (''Isla Grande de Chiloé''), is the largest island of the Chiloé Archipelago off the west coast of Chile, in the Pacific Ocean. The island is located in southern Chile, in the Los Lagos Region. The island is roughly rectangular. Its southwestern half is a wilderness of contiguous forests and swamps. Mountains form a belt running from the northwestern to the southeastern corner of the island. Cordillera del Piuchén make up the northern mountains and the more subdued Cordillera de Pirulil gathers the southern mountains. The landscape of the northeastern sectors of Chiloé Island is dominated by rolling hills with a mosaic of pastures, forests and cultivated fields. While the western shores are rocky and relatively straight, the eastern and northern shores contain many inlets, bays and peninsulas, and it is here where all towns and cities lie. Geographically, the bulk of the island is a continuation of the Chilean C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rickettsia
''Rickettsia'' is a genus of nonmotile, gram-negative, nonspore-forming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that may occur in the forms of cocci (0.1 μm in diameter), bacilli (1–4 μm long), or threads (up to about 10 μm long). The genus was named after Howard Taylor Ricketts in honor of his pioneering work on tick-borne spotted fever. Properly, ''Rickettsia'' is the name of a single genus, but the informal term "rickettsia", plural "rickettsias," usually not capitalised, commonly applies to any members of the order Rickettsiales. Being obligate intracellular bacteria, rickettsias depend on entry, growth, and replication within the cytoplasm of living eukaryotic host cells (typically endothelial cells). Accordingly, ''Rickettsia'' species cannot grow in artificial nutrient culture; they must be grown either in tissue or embryo cultures. Mostly chicken embryos are used, following a method developed by Ernest William Goodpasture and his colleagues at Vanderbilt University i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scrub Typhus
Scrub typhus or bush typhus is a form of typhus caused by the intracellular parasite '' Orientia tsutsugamushi'', a Gram-negative α-proteobacterium of family Rickettsiaceae first isolated and identified in 1930 in Japan.Pediatric Scrub Typhus accessdate: 16 October 2011 Although the disease is similar in presentation to other forms of , its is no longer included in '' |
Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner ( cytoplasmic) membrane and an outer membrane. These bacteria are found in all environments that support life on Earth. Within this category, notable species include the model organism '' Escherichia coli'', along with various pathogenic bacteria, such as '' Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', '' Chlamydia trachomatis'', and '' Yersinia pestis''. They pose significant challenges in the medical field due to their outer membrane, which acts as a protective barrier against numerous antibiotics (including penicillin), detergents that would normally damage the inner cell membrane, and the antimicrobial enzyme lysozyme produced by animals as part of their innate immune system. Furthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orientia Chiloensis
''Orientia'' is a genus of bacteria in family Rickettsiaceae. They are obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacteria found in insects and mammals. They are spread through the bites or feces of infected insects. The genus comprises the species ''Orientia tsutsugamushi'' and ''Orientia chuto'', which both cause scrub typhus in humans. Candidatus Orientia chiloensis Orientia chiloensis is a possible new species of Orientia identified as such by a highly divergent type-specific antigen gene. In Chile scrub typhus is known to occur in the southern half of the country and in particular Chiloé Island Chiloé Island (, , ), also known as Greater Island of Chiloé (''Isla Grande de Chiloé''), is the largest island of the Chiloé Archipelago off the west coast of Chile, in the Pacific Ocean. The island is located in southern Chile, in the Los L ... and the fjords and channels of Patagonia. Between 2015 and 2020 there was a total of 40 known cases in Chile with much of the peop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intracellular
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology, Glossary of environmental science and Glossary of scientific naming, or any of the organism-specific glossaries in :Glossaries of biology. A B C D E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obligate
{{wiktionary, obligate As an adjective, obligate means "by necessity" (antonym '' facultative'') and is used mainly in biology in phrases such as: * Obligate aerobe, an organism that cannot survive without oxygen * Obligate anaerobe, an organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen * Obligate air-breather, a term used in fish physiology to describe those that respire entirely from the atmosphere * Obligate biped, Bipedalism designed to walk on two legs * Obligate carnivore, an organism dependent for survival on a diet of animal flesh. * Obligate chimerism, a kind of organism with two distinct sets of DNA, always * Obligate hibernation, a state of inactivity in which some organisms survive conditions of insufficiently available resources. * Obligate intracellular parasite, a parasitic microorganism that cannot reproduce without entering a suitable host cell * Obligate parasite, a parasite that cannot reproduce without exploiting a suitable host * Obligate photoperiod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
