Operation Autumn Return
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Operation Autumn Return
Operation Autumn Return was a non-combatant evacuation operation of the United States armed forces conducted from September 22 to October 4, 2002, in Côte d'Ivoire. Background A coup d'état against President Henri Konan Bédié on Christmas Eve 1999 led to the installation of military junta leader General Robert Guéï as president. Guéï lost the presidency in October 2000 elections to Laurent Gbagbo Koudou Laurent Gbagbo
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of the Ivorian Popular Front. Guéï refused to relinquish power, leading to street protests and Guéï's flight to Gouessesso near the border with Liberia. Guéï retained some political power and was included in a reconciliation forum in 2001, in which he agreed to refrain from undemocratic methods. Guéï withdrew ...
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Non-combatant Evacuation Operation
A Non-combatant Evacuation Operation (NEO) is an operation conducted to Emergency evacuation, evacuate civilians from another country, generally due to a deteriorating security situation. Australia *2021 - Fall of Kabul (2021), Afghanistan China *2015 - Yemen: (Houthi takeover in Yemen) Germany *1997 - Operation Libelle: Albania *2011 - Operation Pegasus (2011): Libya Greece *1993 – Operation Golden Fleece: Abkhazia, Georgia (country), Georgia (War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)) *1997 – Operation Kosmas: Albania (1997 Albanian civil unrest) *2006 - Operation Kedros: Lebanon (2006 Lebanon War) *2023 - Evacuation from Khartoum: Sudan (Sudanese civil war (2023–present), Sudanese civil war) *2024 - Operation Kosmos: Lebanon (2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon) India *1990 - 1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait: Kuwait (Gulf War) *2006 - Operation Sukoon: Lebanon (2006 Lebanon War) *2011 - Operation Safe Homecoming: Libya (First Libyan Civil War) *2015 - Operation Raahat: Yemen *201 ...
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United States Ambassador To Ivory Coast
This is a list of ambassadors of the United States to Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire. *August 1960 – October 1960: Donald R. Norland (ad Interim) *20 November 1960 – 12 May 1962: R. Borden Reams (Ambassador) *27 November 1962 – 6 March 1965: James Wine (Ambassador) *5 August 1965 – 16 November 1969: George A. Morgan (Ambassador) *23 December 1969 – 6 March 1974: John F. Root (Ambassador) *11 April 1974 – 8 August 1976: Robert Solwin Smith (Ambassador) *13 November 1976 – 12 July 1979: Monteagle Stearns (Ambassador) *16 January 1980 – 16 August 1983: Nancy V. Rawls (Ambassador) *18 November 1983 – 3 August 1986: Robert H. Miller (Ambassador) *2 December 1986 – 8 October 1989: Dennis Kux (Ambassador) *22 November 1989 – 3 July 1992: Kenneth L. Brown (Ambassador) *10 September 1992 – 6 July 1995: Hume Alexander Horan (Ambassador) *6 October 1995 – 28 September 1998: Lannon Walker (Ambassador) *6 January 1999 – 12 July 2001: George Mu ...
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Gunshot
A gunshot is a single discharge of a gun, typically a man-portable firearm, producing a visible flash, a powerful and loud shockwave and often chemical gunshot residue. The term can also refer to a ballistic wound caused by such a discharge. Multiple discharges of one or more firearms are referred to as gunfire. The word can connote either the sound of a gun firing, the projectiles that were fired, or both. For example, the statement "gunfire came from the next street" could either mean the sound of discharge, or it could mean the bullets that were discharged. It is better to be a bit more specific while writing however. "The sound of gunfire" or "we came under gunfire" would be more descriptive and prevent confusion. In the latter phrase, in particular, "fire" is used more (i.e. "under fire"), as both words hold the same general meaning within the proper context. Gunfire characteristics There are three primary attributes that characterize gunfire and hence enable the d ...
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Missionary
A missionary is a member of a Religious denomination, religious group who is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Thomas Hale 'On Being a Missionary' 2003, William Carey Library Pub, . In the Bible translations into Latin, Latin translation of the Bible, Jesus, Jesus Christ says the word when he sends the disciples into areas and commands them to preach the gospel in his name. The term is most commonly used in reference to Christian missions, but it can also be used in reference to any creed or ideology. The word ''mission'' originated in 1598 when Jesuits, the members of the Society of Jesus sent members abroad, derived from the Latin (nominative case, nom. ), meaning 'act of sending' or , meaning 'to send'. By religion Buddhist missions The first Buddhist missionaries were called "Dharma Bhanaks", and some see a missionary charge in the symbolism ...
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Boarding School
A boarding school is a school where pupils live within premises while being given formal instruction. The word "boarding" is used in the sense of "room and board", i.e. lodging and meals. They have existed for many centuries, and now extend across many countries. Their functioning, codes of conduct, and ethos vary greatly. Children in boarding schools study and live during the school year with their fellow students and possibly teachers or administrators. Some boarding schools also have day students who attend the institution during the day and return home in the evenings. Boarding school pupils are typically referred to as "boarders". Children may be sent for one to twelve years or more in boarding school, until the age of eighteen. There are several types of boarders depending on the intervals at which they visit their family. Full-term boarders visit their homes at the end of an academic year, semester boarders visit their homes at the end of an academic term, weekly boarders ...
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Christian School
A Christian school is a Parochial school, religious school run on Christianity, Christian principles or by a Christian organization. These schools often include religious education and worship in their curriculum. They may also have a distinct Christian mission or philosophy. The nature of Christian schools varies enormously from country to country, according to the religious, educational, and political cultures. In some countries, there is a strict separation of church and state, so all religious schools are Private school, private; in others, there is an State religion, established church whose teachings form an integral part of the state school, state-operated educational system; in yet others, the state subsidizes religious schools of various religious denomination, denominations. Background Traditionally, many Christian denominations have seen providing catechesis as a necessary part of the educational formation of children; the Emmanuel Association, Emmanuel Association o ...
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International Christian Academy (Côte D'Ivoire)
International Christian Academy (ICA) was an American boarding school in Bouaké, Ivory Coast. History It was established in 1962 as ''Ivory Coast Academy'' by the Conservative Baptist Foreign Mission Society (now Venture Church Network) and its main purpose was to provide a standard American education to the children of missionaries in West Africa. In 2002, it had some 160+ students from 13 nations in grades 1–12. In September 2002, during the Ivorian Civil War, children were trapped at the school for a week by fighting between government soldiers and rebels opposed to President Laurent Gbagbo.BBCChildren evacuated from Ivorian school news.bbc.co.uk, UK, 25 September 2002 Eventually they were evacuated unharmed by French troops to government held Yamoussoukro. Some of the students and staff then relocated to Dakar Academy in Senegal in order to complete the school year. The ICA campus in eastern Bouaké was then used as a French military base in rebel-held Côte d'Ivoire. I ...
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Bouaké
Bouaké (or Bwake, N'Ko script, N’ko: ߓߐ߰ߞߍ߫ ''Bɔ̀ɔkɛ́'') is the second-largest list of cities in Ivory Coast, city in Ivory Coast, with a population of 740,000 (2021 census). It is the seat of three levels of subdivisions of Ivory Coast, subdivision—Vallée du Bandama District, Gbêkê Region, and Bouaké Department. The city is located in the central part of Ivory Coast about northeast of Lake Kossou, the country's largest lake. It is approximately north of Abidjan on the Abidjan-Niger Railway and about northeast of Yamoussoukro, the capital of the country. Name For the name of the city Bouaké, there are two possible origins: * The corruption of the chief name Kwa Gbéké that made the foundations of the city of Bouaké. * The name Bouaké coming from two Baoulé words: "Boua" which means sheep and "Ké" which means dry. Thus it is the place where sheep are dried, as they would have seen Dyula people, Jula drying sheep skins when they arrived in Bouaké. ...
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Military Transport Aircraft
A military transport aircraft, military cargo aircraft or airlifter is a military aircraft, military-owned transport aircraft used to support military operations by airlifting troops and military equipment. Transport aircraft are crucial to maintaining supply lines to forward bases that are difficult to reach by ground transport, ground or maritime transport, waterborne access, and can be used for both strategic and tactical missions. They are also often used for civilian emergency relief missions by transporting humanitarian aid. Air frames Fixed-wing Military transport aeroplanes are defined in terms of their range capability as strategic airlift or tactical airlift to reflect the needs of the land forces which they most often support. These roughly correspond to the commercial flight length distinctions: Eurocontrol defines short-haul routes as shorter than , long-haul routes as longer than and medium-haul between. The military glider is an unpowered tactical air transp ...
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MC-130 Hercules
The Lockheed MC-130 is the basic designation for a family of special mission aircraft operated by the United States Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), a wing of the Air Education and Training Command, and an AFSOC-gained wing of the Air Force Reserve Command. Based on the Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport, the MC-130s' missions are the infiltration, exfiltration, and resupply of special operations forces, and the air refueling of (primarily) special operations helicopter and tilt-rotor aircraft. The first of the variants, the MC-130E, was developed to support clandestine special operations missions during the Vietnam War. Eighteen were created by modifying C-130E transports, and four were lost through attrition, but the remainder served more than four decades after their initial modification. An update, the MC-130H Combat Talon II, was developed in the 1980s from the C-130H and went into service in the 1990s. Four of the original 24 H-series aircraft have been lost ...
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352d Special Operations Group
The 352nd Special Operations Wing is an operational unit of the United States Air Force Special Operations Command currently stationed at RAF Mildenhall, United Kingdom. The unit's heritage dates back to 1944 as an air commando unit. The 352nd Wing serves as the focal point for all U.S. Air Force special operations activities throughout the European theater for U.S. European Command (USEUCOM), as well as Africa for U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM) and Southwest Asia and the Middle East for U.S. Central Command. The wing is prepared to conduct a variety of high priority, low-visibility missions supporting U.S. and allied special operations forces during peacetime, joint operations exercises, and combat operations. It trains and performs special operations primarily in the USEUCOM and USAFRICOM area of operations, including establishing air assault landing zones, controlling close air support by strike aircraft and gunships, and providing trauma care for wounded and injured pers ...
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Special Forces
Special forces or special operations forces (SOF) are military units trained to conduct special operations. NATO has defined special operations as "military activities conducted by specially designated, organized, selected, trained and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment". Special forces emerged in the early 20th century, with a significant growth in the field during World War II, when "every major army involved in the fighting" created formations devoted to special operations behind enemy lines. Depending on the country, special forces may perform functions including Airborne forces, airborne operations, counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, foreign internal defense, Covert operations, covert ops, Direct action (military), direct action, Hostage crises, hostage rescue, high-value targets/Manhunt (military), manhunt, intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance, intelligence operations, Mobility (military), mobility o ...
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