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Open Individualism
Open individualism is a view within the philosophy of self, according to which there exists only one numerically identical subject, who is everyone at all times; in the past, present and future. It is a theoretical solution to the question of personal identity, being contrasted with "Empty individualism", which is the view that one's personal identity corresponds to a fixed pattern that instantaneously disappears with the passage of time, and "Closed individualism", the common view that personal identities are particular to subjects and yet survive over time. History The term was coined by Croatian-American philosopher Daniel Kolak, though this view has been described at least since the time of the Upanishads, in the late Bronze Age; the phrase " Tat tvam asi" meaning "You are that" is an example. Others who have expressed similar views (in various forms) include the philosophers Averroes, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Arnold Zuboff, mystic Meher Baba, stand-up comedian Bil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philosophy Of Self
Philosophy of self examines the idea of the self at a conceptual level. Many different ideas on what constitutes self have been proposed, including the self being an activity, the self being independent of the senses, the bundle theory of the self, the self as a narrative center of gravity, and the self as a linguistic or social constructionism, social construct rather than a physical entity. The self (or its non-existence) is also an important concept in Eastern philosophy, including Buddhist philosophy. Definitions of the self Most philosophical definitions of self—per René Descartes, Descartes, John Locke, Locke, David Hume, Hume, and William James—are expressed in the Grammatical person, first person. A Grammatical person, third person definition does not refer to specific mental Quale, qualia but instead strives for Objectivity (philosophy), objectivity and operationalism. To another person, the way an individual behaves and speaks reflects their true inner self and ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate causes of Phenomenon, phenomena, and usually frame their understanding in mathematical terms. They work across a wide range of Physics#Research fields, research fields, spanning all length scales: from atom, sub-atomic and particle physics, through biological physics, to physical cosmology, cosmological length scales encompassing the universe as a whole. The field generally includes two types of physicists: Experimental physics, experimental physicists who specialize in the observation of natural phenomena and the development and analysis of experiments, and Theoretical physics, theoretical physicists who specialize in mathematical modeling of physical systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. Physicists can apply their k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krista And Tatiana Hogan
Krista and Tatiana Hogan (born October 25, 2006) are two Canadian conjoined craniopagus twins. They are joined at the head and have separate brains that are interconnected by a thalamic bridge within a shared skull. They were born in Vancouver, British Columbia, and are the only unseparated conjoined twins of that type currently alive in Canada. They live with their mother, Felicia Simms, in Vernon, British Columbia, have two sisters and a brother and often travel to Vancouver for care at British Columbia Children's Hospital. Birth The twins were given a 20 percent chance of survival at birth. At birth at B.C. Women's Hospital & Health Centre, they were described as "wriggly, vigorous, and very vocal". They weighed 12 and a half pounds (5.7 kg) when they were born by Caesarean section. Early infant life Tatiana is smaller and less robust than Krista. Tests on them in April 2007 showed that Tatiana's heart was working harder than Krista's and that she had high blood pressu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertiginous Question
Benj Hellie's vertiginous question asks why, of all the subjects of experience out there, ''this'' one—the one corresponding to the human being referred to as Benj Hellie—is the one whose experiences are ''lived''? (The reader is supposed to substitute their own case for Hellie's.) In other words: Why am I me and not someone else? A simple response is that this question reduces to "Why are Hellie's experiences lived from Hellie's perspective," which is trivial to answer. However, Hellie argues, through a parable, that this response leaves something out. His parable describes two situations, one reflecting a broad global ''constellation'' view of the world and everyone's phenomenal features, and one describing an ''embedded'' view from the perspective of a single subject. The former seems to align better with the simple response above, but the latter seems to be a better description of consciousness. Overview Philosophers have used various different terminology to describe the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physicalism
In philosophy, physicalism is the view that "everything is physical", that there is "nothing over and above" the physical, or that everything supervenience, supervenes on the physical. It is opposed to idealism, according to which the world arises from the mind. Physicalism is a form of ontological monism—a "one Substance theory, substance" view of the nature of reality, unlike "two-substance" (mind–body dualism) or "many-substance" (Pluralism (philosophy), pluralism) views. Both the definition of "physical" and the meaning of physicalism have been debated. Physicalism is closely related to materialism, and has evolved from materialism with advancements in the physical sciences in explaining observed phenomena. The terms "physicalism" and "materialism" are often used interchangeably, but can be distinguished on the basis that physics describes more than just matter. Physicalism encompasses matter, but also energy, physical laws, space, time, structure, physical processes, infor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andy Weir
Andrew Weir (; born June 16, 1972) is an American novelist. His 2011 novel '' The Martian'' was adapted into the 2015 film of the same name directed by Ridley Scott. He received the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer in 2016 and his 2021 novel '' Project Hail Mary'' was a finalist for the 2022 Hugo Award for Best Novel. Early life Weir was raised in Milpitas, California. His father, John Weir, was a physicist at Sandia National Laboratories, and his mother was an electrical engineer. He was an only child, and his parents divorced when he was eight. Weir grew up reading classic science fiction such as the works of Arthur C. Clarke and Isaac Asimov. At the age of 15, he began working as a computer programmer for Sandia. After high school, Weir studied computer science at the University of California, San Diego, although he did not graduate. He worked as a programmer for several software companies, including AOL, Palm, MobileIron, and Blizzard, where he worked on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Egg (Weir Short Story)
"The Egg" is a fictional short story by American writer Andy Weir, first published on his website Galactanet on August 15, 2009. It is Weir's most popular short story and has been translated into over 30 languages by readers. The story follows a nameless 48-year-old man who discovers the "meaning of life" after he dies. Summary The story is about the main character, who is referred to as "you" (in the second person), and the being, who is "me" (in the first person). You, a 48-year-old man who dies in a car crash, meet the being, the narrator, who says that you have been reincarnated many times before, and that you are next to be reincarnated as a Chinese peasant girl in 540 AD. The being then explains that you are, in fact, constantly reincarnated across time, and that all human beings who have ever lived and will ever live are incarnations of you. You remark about being Abraham Lincoln, Adolf Hitler, and Jesus. The being adds that you were also once John Wilkes Booth, every ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Present
The present is the period of time that is occurring now. The present is contrasted with the past, the period of time that has already occurred; and the future, the period of time that has yet to occur. It is sometimes represented as a hyperplane in space-time, typically called "now", although modern physics demonstrates that such a hyperplane cannot be defined uniquely for observers in relative motion. The present may also be viewed as a duration. Historiography Contemporary history describes the historical timeframe immediately relevant to the present time and is a certain perspective of modern history. Philosophy and religion Philosophy of time "The present" raises the question: "How is it that all sentient beings experience ''now'' at the same time?" There is no logical reason why this should be the case and no easy answer to the question. In Buddhism Buddhism and many of its associated paradigms emphasize the importance of living in the present moment—being ful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October The First Is Too Late
''October the First is Too Late'' is a science fiction novel by astrophysicist Fred Hoyle. It was first published in 1966. The novel describes an extraordinary temporary phase through which the world passes, eventually presenting a civilization of the distant future and history leading to that future. The events are made plausible as one of the main characters, a physicist, thinks aloud as he tries to interpret, according to his scientific awareness, the events that unfold. Plot summary The story is set in 1966. The main characters are the narrator (Dick), who is a composer, and John Sinclair, a physicist; they were at school and at Cambridge University together. They happen to meet at London airport as Dick returns home after conducting a premiere of a composition of his in Cologne, which got a mixed reception. John suggests going on a mountaineering expedition in the Scottish Highlands, as they had once planned. Odd events happen during their excursion: John disappears for se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esarhaddon
Esarhaddon, also spelled Essarhaddon, Assarhaddon and Ashurhaddon (, also , meaning " Ashur has given me a brother"; Biblical Hebrew: ''ʾĒsar-Ḥaddōn'') was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 681 to 669 BC. The third king of the Sargonid dynasty, Esarhaddon is most famous for his conquest of Egypt in 671 BC, which made his empire the largest the world had ever seen, and for his reconstruction of Babylon, which had been destroyed by his father. After Sennacherib's eldest son and heir Aššur-nādin-šumi had been captured and presumably executed in 694, the new heir had originally been the second eldest son, Arda-Mulissu, but in 684, Esarhaddon, a younger son, was appointed instead. Angered by this decision, Arda-Mulissu and another brother, Nabû-šarru-uṣur, murdered their father in 681 and planned to seize the Neo-Assyrian throne. The murder, and Arda-Mulissu's aspirations of becoming king himself, made Esarhaddon's rise to the throne difficult and he first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esarhaddon, King Of Assyria
"Esarhaddon, King of Assyria" (''"Ассирийский царь Асархадон"'') is a short story by Leo Tolstoy written in 1903. Tolstoy wrote it as part of an anthology dedicated to the victims of the Kishinev pogrom in Russia, with all of the proceeds going to a relief fund. It is the story of a king who oppresses his subjects. Plot According to book reviewers in 1903, the story is about the king Esarhaddon, who abuses his subjects and beheads the warriors of his enemies. Then a prophet visits him, and is able to force him to live through the entire life of one of the subjects that the king has oppressed. Certainly inspired by the biblical Esarhaddon, this story diverts from that one, in which Esarhaddon is contemplating how to kill Lailie, the rival king he has just captured, when the prophet interrupts him, and miraculously tells Esarhaddon what he was thinking. According to the Francis Gribble, literary critic writing for Fortnightly Review, this work was in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Tolstoy
Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Tolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; ,Throughout Tolstoy's whole life, his name was written as using Reforms of Russian orthography#The post-revolution reform, pre-reform Russian orthography. ; ), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential authors of all time. Born to an aristocratic family, Tolstoy achieved acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, ''Childhood (Tolstoy novel), Childhood'', ''Boyhood (novel), Boyhood'' and ''Youth (Tolstoy novel), Youth'' (1852–1856), and with ''Sevastopol Sketches'' (1855), based on his experiences in the Crimean War. His ''War and Peace'' (1869), ''Anna Karenina'' (1878), and ''Resurrection (Tolstoy novel), Resurrection'' (1899), which is based on his youthful sins, are often cited as pinnacles of Literary realism, realist fiction and three of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
