|
Olive Fruit Fly
The olive fruit fly (''Bactrocera oleae'') is a species of fruit fly which belongs to the subfamily Dacinae. It is a phytophagous species whose larvae feed on the fruit of olive trees, hence the common name. It is considered a serious pest in the cultivation of olives. Until 1998, the fly had not been detected in the United States, and its range coincided with the range of the olive tree in the Eastern Hemisphere: northern, eastern, and southern Africa, Southern Europe, the Canary Islands, India, and western Asia. In the Western Hemisphere, it is currently restricted to California, Baja California, and Sonora. The olive fruit fly was first detected in North America infesting olive fruits on landscape trees in Los Angeles County in November 1998. It can now be found throughout the state of California. History In the final years of the 18th century, Italian scientist Giuseppe Maria Giovene (1753–1837), in his work ''Avviso per la distruzione dei vermi che attaccano la polpa dell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bactrocera Oleae G8
''Bactrocera'' is a large genus of Tephritidae, tephritid fruit flies, with close to 500 species currently described and accepted. Name The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''bakter'' "rod" and ''kera'' "horn". Systematics Prior to the 1990s, almost all Dacini species were described in the genera ''Dacus'' or ''Strumeta''. ''Bactrocera'' became the main genus for the tribe after ''Bactrocera'' and ''Dacus'' were split, but ''Bactrocera'' was further divided into ''Zeugodacus'' and ''Bactrocera'' in 2015. The subgeneric treatments have only partly adopted this latest change, but are indicated here to reflect the most modern - DNA based - insights. Many subgenera are defined within this genus:Hancock DL, Drew RAI (2019) Further notes on subgenus ''Tetradacus'' Miyake of ''Bactrocera'' Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), with a revised key to species. Australian Entomologist 46: 43–46. *''Afrodacus'' *''Aglaodacus (subgenus), Aglaodacus'' *''Apodacus (subgenus), A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bactrocera Oleae G7
''Bactrocera'' is a large genus of tephritid fruit flies, with close to 500 species currently described and accepted. Name The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''bakter'' "rod" and ''kera'' "horn". Systematics Prior to the 1990s, almost all Dacini species were described in the genera ''Dacus'' or ''Strumeta''. ''Bactrocera'' became the main genus for the tribe after ''Bactrocera'' and ''Dacus'' were split, but ''Bactrocera'' was further divided into '' Zeugodacus'' and ''Bactrocera'' in 2015. The subgeneric treatments have only partly adopted this latest change, but are indicated here to reflect the most modern - DNA based - insights. Many subgenera are defined within this genus:Hancock DL, Drew RAI (2019) Further notes on subgenus ''Tetradacus'' Miyake of ''Bactrocera'' Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), with a revised key to species. Australian Entomologist 46: 43–46. *'' Afrodacus'' *'' Aglaodacus'' *'' Apodacus'' *''Asiadacus'' *'' Austrodacus'' *''Bactroc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bactrocera Oleae G2
''Bactrocera'' is a large genus of tephritid fruit flies, with close to 500 species currently described and accepted. Name The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''bakter'' "rod" and ''kera'' "horn". Systematics Prior to the 1990s, almost all Dacini species were described in the genera ''Dacus'' or ''Strumeta''. ''Bactrocera'' became the main genus for the tribe after ''Bactrocera'' and ''Dacus'' were split, but ''Bactrocera'' was further divided into ''Zeugodacus'' and ''Bactrocera'' in 2015. The subgeneric treatments have only partly adopted this latest change, but are indicated here to reflect the most modern - DNA based - insights. Many subgenera are defined within this genus:Hancock DL, Drew RAI (2019) Further notes on subgenus ''Tetradacus'' Miyake of ''Bactrocera'' Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), with a revised key to species. Australian Entomologist 46: 43–46. *''Afrodacus'' *'' Aglaodacus'' *'' Apodacus'' *''Asiadacus'' *'' Austrodacus'' *''Bactroce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovipositor
The ovipositor is a tube-like organ used by some animals, especially insects, for the laying of eggs. In insects, an ovipositor consists of a maximum of three pairs of appendages. The details and morphology of the ovipositor vary, but typically its form is adapted to functions such as preparing a place for the egg, transmitting the egg, and then placing it properly. For most insects, the organ is used merely to attach the egg to some surface, but for many parasitic species (primarily in wasps and other Hymenoptera), it is a piercing organ as well. Some ovipositors only retract partly when not in use, and the basal part that sticks out is known as the scape, or more specifically oviscape, the word ''scape'' deriving from the Latin word '' scāpus'', meaning "stalk" or "shaft". In insects Grasshoppers use their ovipositors to force a burrow into the earth to receive the eggs. Cicadas pierce the wood of twigs with their ovipositors to insert the eggs. Sawflies slit t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterostigma
The pterostigma (plural: pterostigmata) is a group of specialized cells in the outer wings of insects, which are often thickened or coloured, and thus stand out from other cells. It is particularly noticeable in dragonflies, but present also in other insect groups, such as snakeflies, hymenopterans, and megalopterans. Purpose The pterostigma, a heavier section of the wing than nearby sections, assists in gliding. Without the pterostigmata, self-exciting vibrations known as flutter would set in on the wing above a certain critical speed, making gliding impossible. Tests show that with the pterostigmata, the critical gliding speed is increased 10–25% on one species of dragonfly. Pseudopterostigma Some female damselflies in the family Calopterygidae The Calopterygidae are a family of damselflies, in the suborder Zygoptera. They are commonly known as the broad-winged damselflies, demoiselles, or jewelwings. These rather large damselflies have wingspans of 50–80 mm (c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Italy is also considered part of Western Europe, and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. Italy covers an area of , with a population of over 60 million. It is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome. Italy was the native place of many civilizations such as the Italic peoples and the Etruscans, while due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, the country has also historically b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adults
An adult is a human or other animal that has reached full growth. In human context, the term ''adult'' has meanings associated with social and legal concepts. In contrast to a " minor", a legal adult is a person who has attained the age of majority and is therefore regarded as independent, self-sufficient, and responsible. They may also be regarded as a "major". The typical age of attaining legal adulthood is 18, although definition may vary by legal rights, country, and psychological development. Human adulthood encompasses psychological adult development. Definitions of adulthood are often inconsistent and contradictory; a person may be biologically an adult, and have adult behavior, but still be treated as a child if they are under the legal age of majority. Conversely, one may legally be an adult but possess none of the maturity and responsibility that may define an adult character. In different cultures there are events that relate passing from being a child to becomin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exuvial
In biology, exuviae are the remains of an exoskeleton and related structures that are left after ecdysozoans (including insects, crustaceans and arachnids) have moulted. The exuviae of an animal can be important to biologists as they can often be used to identify the species of the animal and even its sex. As studying insects, crustaceans, or arachnids directly is not always possible, and because exuviae can be collected fairly easily, they can play an important part in helping to determine some general aspects of a species' overall life cycle such as distribution, sex ratio, production, and proof of breeding in a habitat. Exuviae have been suggested as a "gold standard" for insect monitoring. For instance, when monitoring dragonfly populations the presence of exuviae of a species demonstrates that the species has completed its full life cycle from egg to adult in a habitat. However, it has also been suggested that the fact that exuviae can be hard to find could lead to an underest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puparium
A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their life cycle, the stages thereof being egg, larva, pupa, and imago. The processes of entering and completing the pupal stage are controlled by the insect's hormones, especially juvenile hormone, prothoracicotropic hormone, and ecdysone. The act of becoming a pupa is called pupation, and the act of emerging from the pupal case is called eclosion or emergence. The pupae of different groups of insects have different names such as ''chrysalis'' for the pupae of butterflies and ''tumbler'' for those of the mosquito family. Pupae may further be enclosed in other structures such as cocoons, nests, or shells. Position in life cycle The pupal stage follows the larval stage and precedes adulthood (''imago'') in insects with complete metamorphosi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
