|
Nuisance Call
A nuisance call is an unwanted and unsolicited telephone call. Common types of nuisance calls include prank calls, telemarketing calls, and silent calls. Obscene phone calls and other threatening calls are criminal acts in most jurisdictions, particularly when hate crime is involved. Unsolicited calls may also be used to initiate telephone frauds. Fax machines may also receive junk faxes via unsolicited calls. Caller ID provides some protection against unwanted calls, but can still be turned off by the calling party. Even where end-user caller ID is not available, calls are still logged, both in billing records at the originating telco and via automatic number identification, so the perpetrator's phone number can still be discovered in many cases. However, these do not provide complete protection: harassers can use payphones and, in some cases, caller ID (but not necessarily automatic number identification itself) can be spoofed or blocked. Mobile telephone abusers can (at som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telephone Call
A telephone call, phone call, voice call, or simply a call, is the effective use of a connection over a telephone network between the calling party and the called party. Telephone calls are the form of human communication that was first enabled by the development of the telephone and several inventions in the mid- to late-19th century. Initial technology involved point-to-point electrical wire connections between telephone installations, until centralized exchanges evolved where Switchboard operator, telephone operators established each interconnection manually at a telephone switchboard after asking the calling party for their call destination. After the invention of automatic telephone exchanges in the 1890s, the process became increasingly automated, eventually leading to the widespread adoption of digital exchanges in the second half of the 20th century, including the transition to wireless communication via mobile telephone networks and cellular networks. With the developm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Call Screening
Call screening is the process of evaluating the characteristics of a telephone call before deciding how or whether to answer it. Some methods may include: * listening to the message being recorded on an answering machine or voice mail. * checking a caller ID display to see who or where the call is from. * checking the time or date which a call or message was received. * prescreening callers to a request line at a radio station or call-in talk show A talk show is a television programming, radio programming or podcast genre structured around the act of spontaneous conversation.Bernard M. Timberg, Robert J. Erler'' (2010Television Talk: A History of the TV Talk Show', pp.3-4Erler, Robert (201 ... before they are allowed on the air In addition, in the US and Canada, Call Screen is a calling feature offered by the telephone companies that allows a customer to establish a list of numbers; anyone calling the customer from those numbers will receive an automatic message indicatin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verbal Abuse
Verbal abuse (also known as verbal aggression, verbal attack, verbal violence, verbal assault, psychic aggression, or psychic violence) is a type of Psychological abuse, psychological/mental abuse that involves the use of Oral language, oral or written language directed to a victim. Verbal abuse can include the act of harassing, Labelling, labeling, insulting, scolding, rebuking, or excessive yelling towards an individual. It can also include the use of Pejorative, derogatory terms, the delivery of statements intended to frighten, Humiliation, humiliate, denigrate, or belittle a person. These kinds of attacks may result in Mental distress, mental and/or emotional distress for the victim. Verbal aggression and abuse affects all populations, cultures, and individuals. These actions are psychologically damaging and are considered forms of emotional and physical harm to the victim. This type of behavior leaves individuals Self-esteem, feeling poorly about themselves and can lead to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telephone Fraud
Phone fraud, or more generally communications fraud, is the use of telecommunications products or services with the intention of illegally acquiring money from, or failing to pay, a telecommunication company or its customers. Many operators have increased measures to minimize fraud and reduce their losses. Communications operators tend to keep their actual loss figures and plans for corrective measures confidential. According to a 2011 survey by CFCA, an industry group created to reduce fraud against carriers, the five top fraud loss categories reported by operators were: * $4.96 billion – compromised PBX/voicemail systems * $4.32 billion – subscription/identity theft * $3.84 billion – International Revenue Share Fraud * $2.88 billion – by-pass fraud * $2.40 billion – cash fraud Types of frauds Fraud against users by phone companies * '' Cramming'' is the addition of charges to a subscriber's telephone bill for services which were neither ordered nor desired by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robocall
A robocall is a phone call that uses a computerized autodialer to deliver a pre-recorded message, as if from a robot. Robocalls are often associated with political and telemarketing phone campaigns, but can also be used for public service, emergency announcements, or scammers. Multiple businesses and telemarketing companies use auto-dialing software to deliver prerecorded messages (appointment reminders, booking details, etc.) to millions of users. Some robocalls use personalized audio messages to simulate an actual personal phone call. The service is also viewed as prone to association with scams. phone companies may, by default, block incoming robocalls. History First description Automated phone solicitation, i.e. robocalling, was one of the earliest applications proposed for the first microcomputers. The first documented mention of it was in the "Memo from the Publisher" by David Bunnell in ''Personal Computing'' magazine, May/June 1977. Under the heading "Personal Computing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pocket Dialing
Pocket dialing (also known as pocket calling or butt dialing) is the accidental placement of a call on a mobile phone or cordless phone located in a person's pocket or handbag. The recipient of the call typically hears random background noise when answering the phone. If the caller remains unaware, the recipient will sometimes overhear whatever is happening in the caller's vicinity. A pocket-dialed call can continue for many minutes, or until the recipient's voice mail system ends the call. The phrase “Butt Dial” was coined by JP Montemayor in 1988 when he accidentally sat on the IMTS telephone (precursor to cell phones) transceiver in his car, and accidentally dialed a co-worker. The phrase "pocket dial" was added to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' in August 2015. Causes Modern cellphones come in three configurations: flip phones, where the phone is physically closed rendering the keys inaccessible, touch phones where a finger or stylus is required to use the controls, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Misdialed Call
A misdialed call or wrong number is a telephone call or text message to an incorrect telephone number. This may occur because the number has been physically misdialed, the number is simply incorrect, or because the area code or ownership of the number has changed. In North America, toll-free numbers are a frequent source of wrong numbers because they often have a history of prior ownership. In the United Kingdom, many misdialed calls have been due to public confusion over the dialing codes for some areas. Etiquette The recipient of a wrong number is usually unknown to the caller. This aspect has been used in social science experiments designed to study the willingness of people to help strangers, and the extent to which this is affected by characteristics such as race. This experimental method is known as the "wrong-number technique". The Emily Post Institute recommends that the recipient of a text message to a misdialed number respond with, "Sorry, wrong number." A frau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
False Alarm
A false alarm, also called a nuisance alarm, is the deceptive or erroneous report of an emergency, causing unnecessary panic and/or bringing resources (such as emergency services) to a place where they are not needed. False alarms may occur with residential burglary alarms, smoke detectors, industrial alarms, fire alarms and in signal detection theory. False alarms have the potential to divert emergency responders away from legitimate emergencies, which could ultimately lead to loss of life. In some cases, repeated false alarms in a certain area may cause occupants to develop alarm fatigue and to start ignoring most alarms, knowing that each time it will probably be false. Intentionally falsely activating alarms in businesses and schools can lead to serious disciplinary actions, and criminal penalties such as fines and jail time. Overview The term "false alarm" refers to alarm systems in many different applications being triggered by something other than the expected trigger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Do Not Call List
A do not call list or do not call registry is a list of personal phone numbers that are off-limits to telemarketers in some countries. Do not call lists may also be held privately by a company, listing numbers that they will not call. National registries * Registro Nacional No LLame (Argentina) * Do Not Call Register (Australia) * National Do Not Call List (Canada) * DNCM 'Do Not Call Me' (Belgium)) * (France) * National Customer Preference Register (India) * New Zealand Name Removal Service * Do Not Call Registry (Singapore) * Telephone Preference Service (United Kingdom) * National Do Not Call Registry (United States) See also * Robinson list A Robinson list is an opt-out list of people who do not wish to receive marketing transmissions. The marketing can be via e-mail, postal mail, telephone, or fax. In each case, contact details will be placed on a blacklist. The name "Robinson" is d ..., a type of opt-out registry of people who do not wish to receive marketing communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canadian Radio-television And Telecommunications Commission
The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC; ) is a public organization in Canada tasked with the mandate as a regulatory agency tribunal for various electronic communications, covering broadcasting and telecommunications. It was created in 1976 when it took over responsibility for regulating telecommunication carriers. Prior to 1976, it was known as the Canadian Radio and Television Commission, which was established in 1968 by the Parliament of Canada to replace the Board of Broadcast Governors. Its headquarters is located in the Central Building (Édifice central) of Les Terrasses de la Chaudière in Gatineau, Quebec. History The CRTC was originally known as the Canadian Radio-Television Commission. In 1976, jurisdiction over telecommunications services, most of which were then delivered by monopoly common carriers (for example, telephone companies), was transferred to it from the Canadian Transport Commission although the abbreviation CRTC re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telephone Preference Service
The Telephone Preference Service (TPS) is the United Kingdom's official do not call list. It allows businesses and individuals to opt out of unsolicited marketing calls. Similar do not call lists are implemented in other countries, such as the National Do Not Call Registry in the United States, and the Do Not Call Register in Australia. The Telephone Preference Service (TPS) is the only such register that is enforced by law in the UK. TPS was created in 1996 by the Data & Marketing Association (DMA). In 1999, it was made a statutory requirement and was included in the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations (PECR). TPSL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the DMA, who run the TPS under contract from the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO). Funding for TPS comes entirely from organisations that licence the TPS file, neither the ICO nor the government provide any funding. Marketers that wish to make telephone calls are legally obliged to screen their lists against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ofcom
The Office of Communications, commonly known as Ofcom, is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, internet, telecommunications and mail, postal industries of the United Kingdom. Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms, internet and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material. Some of the main areas Ofcom regulates are TV and radio standards, broadband and phones, video-sharing platforms online, the wireless spectrum and postal services. The regulator was initially established by the (c. 11) and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003 (c. 21). History On 20 June 2001, the Queen's Speech to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, UK Parliament announced the creation of Ofcom. The new body, which was to replace several existing authorities, was concei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
