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Nuclear Energy In Norway
No nuclear power plant has ever been established in Norway; however, the country has a legal framework for licensing the construction and operation of nuclear installations. Also, four research reactors have been built in Norway. The four reactors were located in Kjeller and Halden and were as follows: * Kjeller reactors at Institute for Energy Technology ** NORA (activated 1961, shut down 1967) ** JEEP I (activated 1951, shut down 1967) ** JEEP II (activated 1966, shut down 2018) * Halden reactor ** HBWR - Halden Boiling Water Reactor (activated 1958, shut down 2018) In 2019, Norway's last remaining nuclear reactor left in operation, the JEEP II reactor at Kjeller, was shut down after more than 50 years of service. In 2021, the Norwegian Green Party stated their support for development of nuclear energy as an alternative source of energy in order to reach the IPCC's goal of preventing global warming by 1.5 degrees. In 2020 it was estimated dismantling the Halden and Kjeller ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Power Plant
A nuclear power plant (NPP), also known as a nuclear power station (NPS), nuclear generating station (NGS) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power stations, heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a electric generator, generator that produces electricity. , the International Atomic Energy Agency reported that there were 410 nuclear power reactors in operation in 32 countries around the world, and 57 nuclear power reactors under construction. Most nuclear power plants use thermal reactors with enriched uranium in a Nuclear fuel cycle#Once-through nuclear fuel cycle, once-through fuel cycle. Fuel is removed when the percentage of neutron poison, neutron absorbing atoms becomes so large that a nuclear chain reaction, chain reaction can no longer be sustained, typically three years. It is then cooled for several years in on-site spent fuel pools be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Krone
The krone (, currency sign, abbreviation: kr (also NKr for distinction); ISO 4217, code: NOK), plural ''kroner'', is the currency of the Kingdom of Norway (including List of possessions of Norway, overseas territories and dependencies). It was traditionally known as the Norwegian Crown (currency), crown in English; however, this has fallen out of common usage. It is nominally subdivided into 100 ''øre'', although the last coins denominated in øre were withdrawn in 2012. The krone was the thirteenth-most-traded currency in the world by value in April 2010, down three positions from 2007. The Norwegian krone is also informally accepted in many shops in Sweden and Finland that are close to the Norwegian border, and also in some shops in the Danish ferry ports of Hirtshals and Frederikshavn. Norwegians spent 14.1 billion NOK on border trade, border shopping in 2015 compared to 10.5 billion NOK spent in 2010. Border shopping is a fairly common practice amongst Norwegians, though i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SmartPlanet
SmartPlanet was an online magazine that covered clean technology and information technology as it related to healthcare, science, transportation, corporate sustainability, architecture, and design. It was part of the business portfolio of CBS Interactive that included BNET and ZDNet and was known for its daily coverage of the technology and energy industries. It stopped publishing on June 30, 2014. History The site was first launched by Ziff Davis on November 2, 1999 as an online educational service and "personal learning community" focused on the technology industry. After CNET Networks acquired Ziff Davis and subsidiary ZDNet in 2000, SmartPlanet was relaunched in 2001 as a paid learning service for IT professionals. In 2008, it was relaunched as a U.K.-based eco-friendly, green lifestyle publication that featured reviews of sustainable and ethical products. It was edited by Adam Vaughan, who is now energy correspondent of ''The Guardian''. In June 2009, SmartPlanet was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westinghouse Electric Company
Westinghouse Electric Company LLC is an American nuclear power company formed in 1999 from the nuclear power division of the original Westinghouse Electric Corporation. It offers nuclear products and services to utilities internationally, including nuclear fuel, service and maintenance, instrumentation, control and design of nuclear power plants. Westinghouse's world headquarters are located in the Pittsburgh suburb of Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania. The company's main product is the AP1000, a modern pressurized water reactor (PWR) design with many passive safety features and modular construction intended to lower construction time and cost. Twelve AP1000 reactors are currently in operation with a further nineteen in various stages of planning. The company was initially formed as CBS Corporation spun off the remaining pieces of Westinghouse's industrial concerns, as part of Westinghouse's re-creation as a media company. Portions of their nuclear business were initially purc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacobs Engineering Group
Jacobs Solutions Inc. is an American international technical professional services firm based in Dallas. The company provides engineering, technical, professional, and construction services as well as scientific and specialty consulting for a broad range of clients globally, including companies, organizations, and government agencies. Jacobs has consistently ranked No. 1 on both ''Engineering News-Record'' (ENR)'s 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 Top 500 Design Firms and ''Trenchless Technology''’s 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 Top 50 Trenchless Engineering Firms. Its worldwide annual revenue were over $14 billion in the 2021 fiscal year, and earnings rose to $477 million. Overview Jacobs Engineering was founded in 1947, by Joseph J. Jacobs. The company's chief executive officer is Bob Pragada. He has been the CEO since January 2023. Steve Demetriou, the CEO from 2015 to 2023, now serves as the executive chair. The previous president and CEO was Craig L. Martin from 2006 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular Science
Popular science (also called pop-science or popsci) is an interpretation of science intended for a general audience. While science journalism focuses on recent scientific developments, popular science is more broad ranging. It may be written by professional science journalists or by scientists themselves. It is presented in many forms, including books, film and television documentaries, magazine articles, and web pages. History Before the modern specialization and professionalization of science, there was often little distinction between "science" and "popular science", and works intended to share scientific knowledge with a general reader existed as far back as Greek and Roman antiquity. Without these popular works, much of the scientific knowledge of the era might have been lost. For example, none of the original works of the Greek astronomer Eudoxus (4th century BC) have survived, but his contributions were largely preserved due to the didactic poem '' Phenomena'' writte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Rubbia
Carlo Rubbia (born 31 March 1934) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN. Early life and education Rubbia was born in 1934 in Gorizia, an Italian town on the border with Slovenia. His family moved to Venice then Udine because of wartime disruption. His father was an electrical engineer and encouraged him to study the same, though he stated his wish to study physics. In the local countryside, he collected and experimented with abandoned military communications equipment. After taking an entrance exam for the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa to study physics, he failed to get into the required top ten (coming eleventh), so began an engineering course in Milan in 1953. Soon after, a Pisa student dropped out, presenting Rubbia with his opportunity. He gained a degree and doctorate in a relatively short time with a thesis on cosmic ray expe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aker Solutions
Aker Solutions ASA is a Norwegian engineering firm headquartered in Oslo. The firm's production is focused on energy infrastructure, including systems and services required to de-carbonize oil and gas production, build wind-to-grid infrastructure and engineer capture and sequestration. Founded in 1841 as Akers Mekaniske Verksted, the company has been known as Aker, Aker Kvaerner and Aker Solutions (2008). Aker Kværner was founded in 2004 from the major restructuring of a complex "Aker Kværner" business unit formed in 2002 by the merger of Aker Maritime and Kværner Oil & Gas. The company was majority controlled by Aker ASA until 2007. Then, via major ownership restructuring on 22 June 2007, Aker ASA gave up its holding in Aker Solutions and transferred a 40% stake to Aker Holding, which in turn was owned by Aker ASA (60%), the Norwegian Ministry of Trade and Industry (30%), SAAB (7.5%) and Investor AB (2.5%). On 3 April 2008, Aker Kværner was renamed Aker Solutions. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosmos (Australian Magazine)
''Cosmos'' (subtitled The Science of Everything) is a science magazine published in Adelaide, South Australia, by CSIRO Publishing that covers science globally. It appears four times a year in print as ''Cosmos Magazine'', and the online edition is updated daily with news as well as long features and multi-media content, and includes the print magazine content. ''Cosmos Weekly'' is a subscription-based weekly online edition published on Fridays, and a podcast was launched in April 2022. History The magazine was established in Sydney in November 2004 by the Sydney magazine publishing executive Kylie Ahern and science journalist Wilson da Silva. with the first issue published in July 2005. In June 2006, the magazine launched a daily Internet news and features service. The magazine was the originator of '' Hello from Earth'', a web-based initiative to send messages from the public, each just 160 characters in length, to Gliese 581d, the (then) nearest Earth-like planet outsid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorium-based Nuclear Power
Thorium-based nuclear power generation is fueled primarily by the nuclear fission of the isotope uranium-233 produced from the fertile element thorium. A thorium fuel cycle can offer several potential advantages over a uranium fuel cycleA nuclear reactor consumes certain specific fissile isotopes to produce energy. As of the 2010s, the most common types of nuclear reactor fuel were: * Uranium-235, purified (i.e. " enriched") by reducing the amount of uranium-238 in natural mined uranium. Most nuclear power has been generated using low-enriched uranium (LEU), whereas high-enriched uranium (HEU) is necessary for weapons. * Plutonium-239, transmuted from uranium-238 obtained from natural mined uranium.—including the much greater abundance of thorium found on Earth, superior physical and nuclear fuel properties, and reduced nuclear waste production. One advantage of thorium fuel is its low weaponization potential. It is difficult to weaponize the uranium-233 that is bred in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortum
Fortum Oyj is a Finland, Finnish Government of Finland, state-owned energy company located in Espoo, Finland. It mainly focuses on the Nordic countries, Nordic region. Fortum operates power plants, including co-generation plants, and generates and sells electricity and heat. The company also sells waste services such as recycling, reutilisation, final disposal solutions and soil remediation and environmental constructions services, and other energy-related services and products e.g. consultancy services for power plants and electric vehicle charging. Fortum is listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki stock exchange. As of 2023 Fortum was the third-largest power generator in the Nordics. History Imatran Voima (1932–1997) The predecessor of Fortum was Imatran Voima (IVO), which was founded in 1932 to operate the Imatrankoski hydroelectric power plant in Imatra. The construction of the Imatra power plant began already in 1922 as well as the power lines from Imatra to Helsinki and the po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vattenfall
Vattenfall is a Swedish multinational corporation, multinational electrical power industry, power company owned by the List of government enterprises of Sweden, Swedish state. Beyond Sweden, the company generates power in Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The company's name is Swedish for "waterfall", and is an abbreviation of its original name, Royal Waterfall Board (''Kungliga Vattenfallsstyrelsen''). History Vattenfall (then called ''Kungliga Vattenfallsstyrelsen'' or Royal Waterfall Board) was founded in 1909 as a state-owned enterprise in Sweden. From its founding until the mid-1970s, Vattenfall's business was largely restricted to Sweden, with a focus on hydroelectric power generation. Only in 1974 did the company begin to build nuclear reactors in Sweden (the Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant, Ringhals 1 and 2 reactors), eventually owning seven of Sweden's 12 reactors. In 1992, Vattenfall was reformed as the Aktiebolag, joint-stock company Vat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
