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NLnet
The NLnet Foundation supports organizations and people that contribute to an open information society. It was influential in spreading the Internet throughout Europe in the 1980s. In 1997, the foundation sold off its commercial networking operations to UUNET (now part of Verizon Communications, Verizon), resulting in an endowment with which it makes grants. NLnet is known for sponsoring open source software and standards work as well as auxiliary activities. Some of the projects that NLnet supports or has supported are DNSSEC,https://nlnet.nl/dnssec/ DNSSEC FundInternet JournaDNSSEC Fund Announced/ref> the ODF plugfest,ODF Plugfest websiteODF Plugfest website/ref> the GNU General Public License, GPL V3 license drafting process,Free Software FoundatioGPL Version 3 Development and Publicity Project/ref> Tor (anonymity network), Tor anonymity network,TOR Project blogThe NLnet Foundation funds two projects/ref> the Parrot virtual machine, Namecoin,Namecoin blogNamecoin Receives Fundi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teus Hagen
Teus Hagen (* 6 October 1945 in Wijnjeterp)Helmut Neumann: Das Lexikon der Internetpioniere. Flintbek, 2001. is a Dutch Internet pioneer. Biography Hagen started his career at the Computer Laboratory of the Mathematical Centre. Later, he initiated the Dutch and the European Unix User Groups NLUUG and EUUG (that became later EURopen). As chairman of EUUG, he started the European Unix Network (EUnet) in 1982 as the EUUG dial-up service. EUnet was the first public wide area network. At the University of California, Berkeley, he started in 1983 working with TCP/IP. One of his team members, Daniel Karrenberg, is the author of the report in favor of TCP/IP for global networking in Europe. From 1992 to 2008 Hagen was chairman and director at NLnet and helped it to become the first Dutch Internet Service Provider. NLnet funds free Internet research and development. In this position, Hagen became 2004 involved with the community-driven certificate authority CAcert.org and served as boar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jitsi
Jitsi (from — "wires") is a collection of free and open-source software, free and open-source multiplatform Voice over IP, voice (VoIP), Video conference, video conferencing and instant messaging applications for the Web platform, Windows, Linux, macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and Android. The Jitsi project began with the Jitsi Desktop (previously known as Session Initiation Protocol, SIP Communicator). With the growth of WebRTC, the project team focus shifted to the Jitsi Videobridge for allowing web-based multi-party video calling. Later the team added #Jitsi Meet, Jitsi Meet, a full video conferencing application that includes web, Android, iOS, iPadOS, and watchOS clients. Jitsi also operates meet.jit.si, a version of Jitsi Meet hosted by Jitsi for free community use. Other projects include: Jigasi, lib-jitsi-meet, Jidesha, and Jitsi. Jitsi has received support from various institutions such as the NLnet Foundation, the University of Strasbourg and the Region of Alsace, Data ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tor (anonymity Network)
Tor is a free overlay network for enabling anonymous communication. It is built on free and open-source software run by over seven thousand volunteer-operated relays worldwide, as well as by millions of users who route their Internet traffic via random paths through these relays. Using Tor makes it more difficult to trace a user's Internet activity by preventing any single point on the Internet (other than the user's device) from being able to view both where traffic originated from and where it is ultimately going to at the same time. This conceals a user's location and usage from anyone performing network surveillance or traffic analysis from any such point, protecting the user's freedom and ability to communicate confidentially. History The core principle of Tor, known as onion routing, was developed in the mid-1990s by United States Naval Research Laboratory employees, mathematician Paul Syverson, and computer scientists Michael G. Reed and David Goldschlag, to p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EUnet
EUnet was a very loose collaboration of individual European UNIX sites in the 1980s that evolved into the fully commercial entity EUnet International Ltd in 1996. It was sold to Qwest in 1998. EUnet played a decisive role in the adoption of TCP/IP in Europe beginning in 1988. A separate company, EUnet GB, was founded in 1993 in the United Kingdom, which also played a role in the early commercial Internet in the UK. History The roots of EUnet, originally an abbreviation for European UNIX Network, go back to 1982 under the auspices of the EUUG (European UNIX Users Group), later EurOpen, and the first international UUCP connections. FNET was the French branch of EUnet. Once there was a central European backbone node that was separate from the expensive telecom network, TCP/IP was adopted in place of store and forward. This enabled EUnet to connect with NSFNET in the US and with CERN’s TCP/IP connections. On January 1, 1990 EUnet began selling Internet access to non-acade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libre-SOC
Libre-SOC was a project by Luke Leighton and other contributors to build a libre soft processor core, announced at the OpenPOWER Summit NA 2020. It adhered to the Power ISA 3.0 instruction set and could be run on field-programmable gate array boards, currently booting MicroPython and other bare-metal applications. The purpose of Libre-SOC was to be a system on a chip (SoC) with 3D and video capability built-in as part of the Power ISA, suitable for single-board computers, netbooks, IoT devices and other small form factors, while retaining a completely free and open design. On June 23, 2024 Luke Leighton described the project a"effectively terminated" History Libre-SOC began its life when Luke Leighton wanted there to be a completely free and libre system on a chip offering. He initially opted for a RISC-V base, but later switched to OpenPOWER when that seemed like a better fit for the project. It is the second processor written from scratch using the OpenPOWER ISA 3.0, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica
The (abbr. CWI; English: "National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science") is a research centre in the field of mathematics and theoretical computer science. It is part of the institutes organization of the Dutch Research Council (NWO) and is located at the Amsterdam Science Park. This institute is famous as the creation site of the programming language Python. It was a founding member of the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM). Early history The institute was founded in 1946 by Johannes van der Corput, David van Dantzig, Jurjen Koksma, Hendrik Anthony Kramers, Marcel Minnaert and Jan Arnoldus Schouten. It was originally called ''Mathematical Centre'' (in Dutch: ''Mathematisch Centrum''). One early mission was to develop mathematical prediction models to assist large Dutch engineering projects, such as the Delta Works. During this early period, the Mathematics Institute also helped with designing the wings of the Fokker ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNSSEC
The Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) is a suite of extension specifications by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for securing data exchanged in the Domain Name System ( DNS) in Internet Protocol ( IP) networks. The protocol provides cryptographic authentication of data, authenticated denial of existence, and data integrity, but not availability or confidentiality. Overview The original design of the Domain Name System did not include any security features. It was conceived only as a scalable distributed system. The Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) attempt to add security, while maintaining backward compatibility. of 2004 documents some of the known threats to the DNS, and their solutions in DNSSEC. DNSSEC was designed to protect applications using DNS from accepting forged or manipulated DNS data, such as that created by DNS cache poisoning. All answers from DNSSEC protected zones are digitally signed. By checking the digital signature, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, the ''Times'' serves as one of the country's Newspaper of record, newspapers of record. , ''The New York Times'' had 9.13 million total and 8.83 million online subscribers, both by significant margins the List of newspapers in the United States, highest numbers for any newspaper in the United States; the total also included 296,330 print subscribers, making the ''Times'' the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States, following ''The Wall Street Journal'', also based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' is published by the New York Times Company; since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, whose current chairman and the paper's publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UUnet
UUNET Technologies, Inc., formerly UUNET Communications Services, was an American commercial Internet service provider. Founded in 1987, it was one of the first and largest commercial ISPs and one of the early Tier 1 networks. It was based in Northern Virginia. Today, UUNET is an internal brand of Verizon Business (formerly MCI). History Background Prior to its founding, access to Usenet and e-mail exchange from non-ARPANET sites was accomplished using a cooperative network of systems running the UUCP protocol over POTS lines. During the mid-1980s, growth of this network began to put considerable strain on the resources voluntarily provided by the larger UUCP hubs. This prompted Rick Adams, a system administrator at the Center for Seismic Studies, to explore the possibilities of providing these services commercially as a way to reduce the burden on the existing hubs. Early existence With funding in the form of a loan from Usenix, UUNET Communications Services began ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ARPAnet
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed control and one of the first computer networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. The ARPANET was established by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (now DARPA) of the United States Department of Defense. Building on the ideas of J. C. R. Licklider, Robert Taylor (computer scientist), Bob Taylor initiated the ARPANET project in 1966 to enable resource sharing between remote computers. Taylor appointed Lawrence Roberts (scientist), Larry Roberts as program manager. Roberts made the key decisions about the request for proposal to build the network. He incorporated Donald Davies' concepts and designs for packet switching, and sought input from Paul Baran on dynamic routing. In 1969, ARPA awarded the contract to build the Interface Message Processors (IMPs) for the network to Bolt Berane ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Besloten Vennootschap
A (, lit. "private partnership"; , , ) or (SRL) is the Netherlands, Dutch and Belgium, Belgian version of a private limited liability company. The company is owned by shareholders; the company's Share (finance), shares are privately registered and not freely transferable. It is the most common form of limited company in the Netherlands and Belgium. A Dutch bv may be created by one or more individuals or Juristic person, legal entities, Dutch or foreign, with a minimum paid in capital of €1. A notarial act, notarized deed of incorporation is executed and filed. The deed must be in Dutch. It must contain details of the incorporators, and of the initial Members of the Board, their amounts of participation and payments of initial capital. The deed also contains the Articles of Association (law), Articles of Association, consisting of at least: * the company name (which must begin or end with "bv") * the city where the company has its registered Seat (legal entity), seat * the pur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amsterdam Internet Exchange
The Amsterdam Internet Exchange (AMS-IX) is an Internet exchange point based in Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. Established in the early 1990s, AMS-IX is a non-profit, neutral and independent peering point. History In February 1994, a layer 2 shared infrastructure, used between academic institutes, was connected with CERN to exchange traffic. Other Internet service providers were allowed to connect and the name AMS-IX was first used. In 1997, the AMS-IX Association was founded by twenty of the connected Internet service providers and carriers. In 2002, the Neutral Internet Exchange was founded as an alternative or backup for the Amsterdam Internet Exchange. in November 2008 The total amount of data transferred by month was 75,940 TB (Avg. incoming and outgoing) . By April 2009, it had grown to 124,550 TB, 64% more in a 5-month period. , AMS-IX connected 396 members on 684 ports and had peak incoming traffic of 1.513 Tbit/s and of outgoing traffic 1.512 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
