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Night Of The Trains
The Night of the Trains (or Operation Party) was a sabotage operation of the British railways in Palestine (" Palestine Railways") on November 1, 1945. The operation was one of the first carried out by the Jewish Resistance Movement, before its official establishment, and symbolized its founding. Operation During the operation Palmach units sabotaged a network of railways around the country and blew up three British guard boats in Jaffa port and in Haifa, and a combined Irgun– Lehi unit attacked Lydda railway station, which is the key junction between the Haifa – El Kantara main line and the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway. An estimated 1,000 men were involved in the operations. Approximately fifty Palmach units, which included sappers and guard, severely damaged 153 points along the railway system in Mandate Palestine, primarily at railway junctions and bridges above them. The operations took place around 11:00 p.m., fully synchronized in order to prevent a British respo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Insurgency In Mandatory Palestine
The Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine, known in the United Kingdom as the Palestine Emergency, was a paramilitary campaign carried out by Zionist militias and underground groups—including Haganah, Lehi (militant group), Lehi, and Irgun—against British rule in Mandatory Palestine from 1944 to 1948. The tensions between the Zionist underground and the British mandatory authorities rose from 1938 and intensified with the publication of the White Paper of 1939. The Paper outlined new government policies to place further restrictions on Jewish immigration and land purchases, and declared the intention of giving independence to Palestine, with an Arab majority, within ten years. Though World War II brought relative calm, tensions again escalated into an armed struggle towards the end of the war, when it became clear that the Axis powers were close to defeat. The Haganah, the largest of the Jewish underground militias, which was under the control of the officially recognised ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yossi Harel
Yossi Harel (; January 4, 1918 – April 26, 2008) was the commander of the operation and a leading member of the Israeli intelligence community. Biography Yossi Hamburger (later Harel) and his twin brother Natan were born in Jerusalem to Moshe and Batya Hamburger. He was a sixth generation Jerusalemite. He attended Tachkemoni School and as a teenager, worked in a quarry and laid telegraph cables for the post office. At the age of 15, he joined the Haganah. Harel's first marriage was to Esther Vaisch and they had one daughter, Nurit. In 1951 he married Julie Berez with whom he had two children, Sharon and David. His daughter, Sharon Harel, is the third wife of Sir Ronald Cohen. Harel died of a heart attack in Tel Aviv on April 26, 2008, at the age of 90. He is buried at Kibbutz Sdot Yam, near Cesarea. Military and intelligence career Harel fought under Orde Wingate. Between 1945 and 1948, he played a leading role in the clandestine immigration enterprise in Palestine, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1945 In Mandatory Palestine
Events in the year 1945 in the British Mandate of Palestine. Incumbents * High Commissioners for Palestine and Transjordan, High Commissioner – John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort until 21 November; Sir Alan Cunningham * Emirate of Transjordan – Abdullah I of Jordan, Abdullah I bin al-Hussein * List of prime ministers of Jordan, Prime Minister of Transjordan – Samir al-Rifai until 19 May; Ibrahim Hashem Events * 11 July – The founding of the kibbutz Hukok. * 15 July – Jewish The Holocaust, Holocaust survivors of the Buchenwald Nazi concentration camp arrive at Haifa port and are arrested by the British. * 31 August – U.S. President Harry Truman issues a statement requesting the British government to admit 100,000 Jewish refugees in Europe into Palestine. * 27 September – The Defence (Emergency) Regulations, Defence Emergency Regulations are enacted by the Mandatory Palestine, Mandatory authorities. * 2 November – Arabs demonstrate against the British. * 5 November ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zionism In Mandatory Palestine
Zionism is an ethnocultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century that aimed to establish and maintain a national home for the Jewish people, pursued through the colonization of Palestine, a region roughly corresponding to the Land of Israel in Judaism, with central importance in Jewish history. Zionists wanted to create a Jewish state in Palestine with as much land, as many Jews, and as few Palestinian Arabs as possible. Zionism initially emerged in Central and Eastern Europe as a secular nationalist movement in the late 19th century, in reaction to newer waves of antisemitism and in response to the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment. The arrival of Zionist settlers to Palestine during this period is widely seen as the start of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The Zionist claim to Palestine was based on the notion that the Jews' historical right to the land outweighed that of the Arabs. In 1917, the Balfour Declaration established Britain' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrorist Incidents Attributed To Zionist Militant Groups
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it. Different definitions of terrorism emphasize its randomness, its aim to instill fear, and its broader impact beyond its immediate victims. Modern terrorism, evolving from earlier iterations, employs various tactics to pursue political goals, often leveraging fear as a strategic tool to influence decision makers. By targeting densely populated public areas such as transportation hubs, airports, shopping centers, tourist attractions, and nightlife venues, terrorists aim to instill widespread insecurity, prompting Public policy, policy changes through Manipulation (psychology), psychological manipulation and undermining confidence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haganah
Haganah ( , ) was the main Zionist political violence, Zionist paramilitary organization that operated for the Yishuv in the Mandatory Palestine, British Mandate for Palestine. It was founded in 1920 to defend the Yishuv's presence in the region, and was formally disbanded in 1948, when it became the core force integrated into the Israel Defense Forces shortly after the Israeli Declaration of Independence. Formed out of previous existing militias, Haganah's original purpose was to Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine, defend Jewish settlements against Arab attacks; this was the case during the Jaffa riots, 1921 Jaffa riots, the 1929 Palestine riots, the Jaffa riots (April 1936), 1936 Jaffa riots, and the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, among others. The paramilitary was under the control of the Jewish Agency for Israel, Jewish Agency, the official governmental body in charge of Palestine's Jewish community during the British era. Until the end of World War II, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion ( ; ; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary List of national founders, national founder and first Prime Minister of Israel, prime minister of the State of Israel. As head of the Jewish Agency from 1935, and later president of the Jewish Agency Executive, he was the ''de facto'' leader of the Yishuv, Jewish community in Palestine, and largely led the movement for an independent Jewish state in Mandatory Palestine. Born in Płońsk, then part of Congress Poland, to Polish Jewish parents, he immigrated to the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, Palestine region of the Ottoman Empire in 1906. Adopting the name of Ben-Gurion in 1909, he rose to become the preeminent leader of the Jewish community in British-ruled Mandatory Palestine from 1935 until the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, which he led until 1963 with a short break in 1954–55. Ben-Gurion's interest for Zionism developed early in his life, leading him to become a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aliyah
''Aliyah'' (, ; ''ʿălīyyā'', ) is the immigration of Jews from Jewish diaspora, the diaspora to, historically, the geographical Land of Israel or the Palestine (region), Palestine region, which is today chiefly represented by the Israel, State of Israel. Traditionally described as "the act of going up" (towards the Jerusalem in Judaism, Jewish holy city of Jerusalem), moving to the Land of Israel or "making aliyah" is one of the most basic tenets of Zionism. The opposite action – emigration by Jews from the Land of Israel – is referred to in the Hebrew language as ''yerida'' (). The Law of Return that was passed by the Knesset, Israeli parliament in 1950 gives all diaspora Jews, as well as their children and grandchildren, the right to relocate to Israel and acquire Israeli citizenship on the basis of connecting to their Jewish identity. For much of Jewish history, their history, most Jews have lived in the diaspora outside of the Land of Israel due to Jewish militar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yishuv
The Yishuv (), HaYishuv Ha'ivri (), or HaYishuv HaYehudi Be'Eretz Yisra'el () was the community of Jews residing in Palestine prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The term came into use in the 1880s, when there were about 25,000 Jews living in that region, and continued to be used until 1948, by which time there were some 630,000 Jews there. The term is still in use to denote the pre-1948 Jewish residents in Palestine, corresponding to the southern part of Ottoman Syria until 1918, OETA South in 1917–1920, and Mandatory Palestine in 1920–1948. A distinction is sometimes drawn between the '' Old Yishuv'' and the '' New Yishuv''. The Old Yishuv refers to all the Jews living in Palestine before the first Zionist immigration wave (''aliyah'') of 1882, and to their descendants until 1948. The Old Yishuv residents were religious Jews, living mainly in Jerusalem, Safed, Tiberias, and Hebron. There were smaller communities in Jaffa, Haifa, Peki'in, Acre, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3rd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment
The 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment (3 PARA), is a battalion sized formation of the British Army's Parachute Regiment and is a subordinate unit within 16 Air Assault Brigade. Roled as an Airborne light infantry unit, the battalion is capable of a wide range of operational taskings. Based at Merville Barracks, Colchester Garrison, their barracks in England, personnel regularly deploy outside of the United Kingdom on operations and training. A unique part of the 3rd Battalion is the inclusion of the Guards Parachute Platoon, which is incorporated into B Company and also known as 6 (Guards) Platoon. The Guards Parachute Platoon is made up of volunteers who have passed P Company from the five Regiments of Foot Guards and Infantry qualified members of the Household Cavalry; they can be distinguished from other paratroopers by a "blue red blue" patch sewn to their beret beneath the Parachute Regiment cap badge. History Background Impressed by the success of German airborne ope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
No-go Area
A "no-go area" or "no-go zone" is a neighborhood or other geographic area where some or all outsiders are either physically prevented from entering or can enter at risk. The term includes exclusion zones, which are areas that are officially kept off-limits by the government, such as border zones and military exclusion zones. It also includes areas held by violent non-state actors, such as guerillas/insurgents, organized crime and terrorist organizations. In some cases, these areas have been held by insurgent organizations attempting to topple the government, such as Free Derry, an area in Northern Ireland that was held by the Irish Republican Army from 1969 to 1972. In other cases, the areas simply coexist alongside the state; an example is Kowloon Walled City, an area in Hong Kong essentially ruled by triad organizations from the 1950s to the 1970s. In the 21st century, the term has most often been used to refer to areas that police or medical workers consider too dangerous t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramat Hakovesh
Ramat HaKovesh () is a kibbutz in central Israel. Approximately 7 kilometers northeast of Kfar Saba and south-west of Tira. The kibbutz falls under the jurisdiction of Drom HaSharon Regional Council. In it had a population of . Etymology Ramat Hakovesh was named for "Hakovesh," the Jewish pioneering group that established the kibbutz, reflecting the Labor Zionist ideal of manual labor and the agricultural "conquest" of barren land. History Before the 20th century the area formed part of the Forest of Sharon. It was an open woodland dominated by Mount Tabor Oak, which extended from Kfar Yona in the north to Ra'anana in the south. The local Arabs used the area for pasture, firewood and intermittent cultivation. The intensification of settlement and agriculture in the coastal plain during the 19th century led to deforestation and subsequent environmental degradation. The kibbutz was founded by Zionist youth from the Hashomer Hatzair and HeHalutz movements, includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
