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Night Of The Bridges
The Night of the Bridges (formally Operation Markolet) was a Haganah venture on the night of 16 to 17 June 1946 in the British Mandate of Palestine, as part of the Jewish insurgency in Palestine (1944–47). Its aim was to destroy eleven bridges linking Mandatory Palestine to the neighboring countries Lebanon, Syria, Transjordan and Egypt, in order to suspend the transportation routes used by the British Army. Attacks on a further three bridges had been considered, but were not executed. Only one operation failed: the Palmach, the elite fighting force of the Haganah, suffered 14 killed and 5 injured at the Nahal Akhziv bridges, after the group was spotted by Arabs working for the British, who opened fire on them and prematurely detonated the explosives. The other operations succeeded without injuries. One British Royal Engineer was killed while trying to defuse an undetonated bomb the following day. To disguise and protect the real operations and to confuse the British f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haganah
Haganah ( , ) was the main Zionist political violence, Zionist paramilitary organization that operated for the Yishuv in the Mandatory Palestine, British Mandate for Palestine. It was founded in 1920 to defend the Yishuv's presence in the region, and was formally disbanded in 1948, when it became the core force integrated into the Israel Defense Forces shortly after the Israeli Declaration of Independence. Formed out of previous existing militias, Haganah's original purpose was to Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine, defend Jewish settlements against Arab attacks; this was the case during the Jaffa riots, 1921 Jaffa riots, the 1929 Palestine riots, the Jaffa riots (April 1936), 1936 Jaffa riots, and the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, among others. The paramilitary was under the control of the Jewish Agency for Israel, Jewish Agency, the official governmental body in charge of Palestine's Jewish community during the British era. Until the end of World War II, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jisr Majami
Jisr el-Majami or Jisr al-Mujamieh (, and , ''Gesher'', lit. "Bridge") is an ancient stone bridge, possibly of Roman origin, over the Jordan River on the border between Israel and Jordan. The name is derived from the bridge's location south of the confluence of the Yarmouk and Jordan rivers.Petersen, 2008, p296/ref> Description The bridge is long, with one main arch being the only one letting through a permanent flow of water. In addition it has six smaller arches, higher up in a second row, presumably to help the flow during flooding of the river. The bridge has voussoirs throughout its vault, differing from well known Mamluk bridges such as the Daughters of Jacob Bridge, Yibna Bridge and Jisr Jindas, which use small stones in the vault of their arches. History Roman period The bridge shows at least two major phases of construction; a possibly Roman-origin lower level and the upper pointed arches likely from the medieval period. Some sources state that the bridge was built i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damia Bridge
The Damiyah Bridge (), known as Prince Muhammad Bridge in Jordan, and as Gesher Adam () in Israel, is a historical bridge that crosses the Jordan River and located between the Palestinian territories and the town of Damia in the Balqa Governorate in Jordan. In 1918, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War, it was captured by Imperial British forces. At the time it was used as part of the Nablus – Es Salt – Amman road. After 1991 it was used only for goods transported by truck between Israel, the West Bank and Jordan until its closure for security reasons sometime between 2002 and 2005 during the Second Intifada. As of 2014, the Israeli side is part of a closed military area. Etymology The Hebrew Bible mentions a town called Adam near Zaretan in the Jordan Valley (). Most scholars identify nearby Tall Damiyah, called by some Tel Adam in Modern Hebrew, with the historical and biblical city of Adama, with the US-American biblical scholar William F. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jordan River Crossing
The Jordan River Crossing (, ) or Sheikh Hussein Bridge is the northern international border crossing between Jordan and Israel. It is located between Irbid, in Jordan, and Beit She'an, in Israel. Access The Sheikh Hussein Bridge was opened in November 1994, and is the northernmost entry/exit point between Israel and Jordan. Opening hours The terminal operates throughout the year, excluding Yom Kippur and Islamic New Year. The crossing is open for individuals (including tourists and private cars): *Sunday-Thursday: 07:00 AM to 8:30 PM *Friday and Saturday: 8:30 AM to 6:30 PM Cargo terminal operating hours: *Sunday-Thursday: 07:00 AM to 8:00 PM *Friday and Saturday: cargo terminal is closed. On weekends, those departing from Israel to Jordan by private vehicles can access the departure hall until 6pm. Getting there & from There is no public transportation to the terminal. Private bus companies do offer transportation to the crossing and across the border, such as the bus from N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bnot Ya'akov Bridge
The Daughters of Jacob Bridge (, ) is a bridge that spans the last natural ford of the Jordan River between the Korazim Plateau in northern Israel and the Golan Heights. The area has been used as a crossing point for thousands of years; it was part of the recently dubbed Via Maris, and was strategically important to the Ancient Egyptians, Assyrians, Hittites, Jews, Saracens (early Muslims), Crusaders, Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottomans, and to modern inhabitants and armies who crossed the river at this place. The site was named Jacob's Ford () by Europeans during the Crusades. A stone bridge was built by the Mamluks sometime in the 13th century, who called it (). The medieval bridge was replaced in 1934 by a modern bridge further south during the draining of Lake Hula.Sufian, 2008, pp165ff The bridge currently in civilian use was built in 2007. Within the vicinity of the ford is the location of a well known Paleolithic archaeological site with Acheulean artifacts dated to around 78 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nahal Kziv
Nahal Kziv () (lit. "Kziv stream") or the Horn Valley () is a 39-kilometer long perennial stream in the Upper Galilee, Israel. During the winter, rainfall fills the channel, and springs along the riverbed add to the flow. Currently, Mekorot (the Israeli national water company) pumps the water of the river's principal spring, Ein Ziv, and supplies it to the residents of the Western Galilee, making the channel between Ein Ziv and Ein Tamir an intermittent stream. On the southern ridge overlooking the valley sits a 12th-century Crusades, Crusader castle, Montfort Castle, Montfort, the old headquarters of the Teutonic Order in the Holy Land. Geography The Horn Valley flows from the western side of Mount Meron near Beit Jann, westward to its estuary, north of and Achziv. It is the longest stream in the Galilee, with the widest drainage basin. The channel passes nearby Hurfeish, Abirim, Mi'ilya, Mitzpe Hila, Neve Ziv, Goren, Manot, Israel, Manot, and Ma'alot-Tarshiha. Springs along the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metula
Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon. Roman and Byzantine periods A settlement existed in the area in the Roman and Byzantine periods. Ancient wine presses and a mosaic pavement have been found here.Dauphin, 1998, p. 641 A tomb excavated in 1967 contained at least four graves dating from between the late third century and the late sixth century. Ottoman period The origin of the town's name is . In 1816 the notable traveller James Silk Buckingham visited "a large village, called Metully, altogether inhabited by Druzes". In 1875, Victor Guérin described Methelleh or Metelleh as a village with a spring, occupied by Druzes from the Hauran who cultivated a garden to the east.Guérin, 1880, pp345��346 Soon afterwards, in 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's '' Survey of Weste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nahal Ayun
Ayun Stream (, romanized Nahal Ayun, ''lit.'' Ayun Stream), sometimes spelled Nahal Iyyon, in ''Bureighit'', or in full Nahr Bareighit, is a perennial stream and a tributary of the Jordan River. The stream originates from two springs in the Marjayoun (Merj 'Ayun) valley in southern Lebanon, runs southward for seven kilometers through various irrigation ditches, then flows into Israel near Metulla, where it continues through the Hula Valley in the Galilee Panhandle until emptying in the Hasbani River just before it reaches the Jordan River. Course of the stream The Nahal Ayun originates near Marj Ayun in South Lebanon, flowing about 7 km through the Ayun Valley, branching into numerous irrigation channels until it enters Israel near Metula. From there, the stream flows in a canyon channel descending from about 500 meters above sea level to about 300 meters south of Tel Abel Beit Maacah, then gradually through the Hula Valley. The significant elevation differences hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lehi (group)
Lehi (; , sometimes abbreviated "LHI"), officially the Fighters for the Freedom of Israel () and often known pejoratively as the Stern Gang,"This group was known to its friends as LEHI and to its enemies as the Stern Gang." Blumberg, Arnold. ''History of Israel'', Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 1998. p 106."calling themselves Lohamei Herut Yisrael (LHI) or, less generously, the Stern Gang." Lozowick, Yaacov. ''Right to Exist : A Moral Defense of Israel's Wars''. Westminster, MD: Doubleday Publishing, 2003. p. 78."''It ended in a split with Stern leading his own group out of the Irgun. This was known pejoratively by the British as "the Stern Gang' – later as Lehi''" Shindler, Colin. ''Triumph of Military Zionism : Nationalism and the Origins of the Israeli Right''. London, GBR: I.B. Tauris & Company, Ltd., 2005. p. 218."''Known by their Hebrew acronym as LEHI they were more familiar, not to say notorious, to the rest of the world as the Stern Gang – a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irgun
The Irgun (), officially the National Military Organization in the Land of Israel, often abbreviated as Etzel or IZL (), was a Zionist paramilitary organization that operated in Mandatory Palestine between 1931 and 1948. It was an offshoot of the older and larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah. The Irgun policy was based on what was then called Revisionist Zionism founded by Ze'ev Jabotinsky. Two of the most infamous operations for which the Irgun were known; the bombing of the British administrative headquarters for Mandatory Palestine in Jerusalem on 22 July 1946 and the Deir Yassin massacre that killed at least 107 Palestinian Arab villagers, including women and children, carried out with Lehi on 9 April 1948. The organization committed acts of terrorism against Palestinian Arabs, as well as against the British authorities, who were regarded as illegal occupiers. In particular the Irgun was described as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, British, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English language) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. The term came into widespread usage by the United Kingdom and western European nations in the early 20th century as a replacement of the term Near East (both were in contrast to the Far East). The term "Middle East" has led to some confusion over its changing definitions. Since the late 20th century, it has been criticized as being too Eurocentrism, Eurocentric. The region includes the vast majority of the territories included in the closely associated definition of West Asia, but without the South Caucasus. It also includes all of Egypt (not just the Sinai Peninsula, Sinai) and all of Turkey (including East Thrace). Most Middle Eastern countries (13 out of 18) are part of the Arab world. The list of Middle Eastern countries by population, most populous countries in the region are Egypt, Turkey, and Iran, whil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabotage
Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, government, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, demoralization (warfare), demoralization, destabilization, divide and rule, division, social disruption, disruption, or destruction. One who engages in sabotage is a ''saboteur''. Saboteurs typically try to conceal their identities because of the consequences of their actions and to avoid invoking legal and organizational requirements for addressing sabotage. Etymology The English word derives from the French word , meaning to "bungle, botch, wreck or sabotage"; it was originally used to refer to labour disputes, in which workers wearing wooden shoes called interrupted production through different means. A false etymology, popular but incorrect account of the origin of the term's present meaning is the story that poor workers in the Belgian city of Liège would throw a wooden into the machines to disrupt production. One of the first appearance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
