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Nerve Supply Of The Human Leg
Cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs is the nerve supply to areas of the skin of the lower limbs (including the feet) which are supplied by specific cutaneous nerves. Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor variations in some of the details. The borders designated by the diagrams in the 1918 edition of ''Gray's Anatomy'', provided below, are similar but not identical to those generally accepted today. Pelvis and buttocks * Lumboinguinal nerve (green) and Ilioinguinal nerve (purple). In modern texts, these two regions are often considered to be innervated by the genitofemoral nerve. * Medial cluneal nerves (pink) - labeled as "post. division of sacral" * Inferior cluneal nerves (pink region, not designated with its own section) * Perforating cutaneous nerve (pink region, not designated with its own section) * Superior cluneal nerves (yellow) - labeled as "post. division of lumbar" * Iliohypogastric nerve (blue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (also called the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) is a cutaneous nerve of the thigh. It originates from the dorsal divisions of the second and third lumbar nerves from the lumbar plexus. It passes under the inguinal ligament to reach the thigh. It supplies sensation to the skin on the lateral part of the thigh by an anterior branch and a posterior branch. The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh can be investigated using ultrasound. Local anaesthetic can be injected around the nerve for skin grafts and surgery around the outer thigh. Nerve compression (usually around the inguinal ligament) can cause meralgia paraesthetica. Structure The nerve is usually 1-2 mm thick. Origin The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is a nerve of the lumbar plexus. It arises from the anterior rami of the second and third lumbar nerves (L2-L3). Course and relations It passes through psoas major muscle, and emerges from its lateral border. It cros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibial Nerve
The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. Structure Popliteal fossa The tibial nerve is the larger terminal branch of the sciatic nerve with root values of L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3. It lies superficial (or posterior) to the popliteal vessels, extending from the superior angle to the inferior angle of the popliteal fossa, crossing the popliteal vessels from lateral to medial side. It gives off branches as shown below: * Muscular branches - Muscular branches arise from the distal part of the popliteal fossa. It supplies the medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and popliteus muscles. Nerve to popliteus crosses the popliteus muscle, runs downwards and laterally, winds around the lower border of the popliteus to supply the deep (or anterior) surface of the popliteus. This nerve also supplies the tibialis posterior muscle, superior tibiofibular joint, tibia bone, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deep Fibular Nerve
The deep fibular nerve (also known as deep peroneal nerve) begins at the bifurcation of the common fibular nerve between the fibula and upper part of the fibularis longus, passes infero-medially, deep to the extensor digitorum longus, to the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane, and comes into relation with the anterior tibial artery above the middle of the leg; it then descends with the artery to the front of the ankle-joint, where it divides into a ''lateral'' and a '' medial terminal branch''. Structure Lateral side of the leg The deep fibular nerve is the nerve of the anterior compartment of the leg and the dorsum of the foot. It is one of the terminal branches of the common fibular nerve. It corresponds to the posterior interosseus nerve of the forearm. It begins at the lateral side of the fibula bone, and then enters the anterior compartment by piercing the anterior intermuscular septum. It then pierces the extensor digitorum longus and lies next to the an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve
The medial sural cutaneous nerve ''(L4-S3)'' is a sensory nerve of the leg. It supplies cutaneous innervation to the posteromedial leg. Structure The medial sural cutaneous nerve originates from the posterior aspect of the tibial nerve of the sciatic nerve. It descends between the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle. Around the middle of the back of the leg, it pierces the deep fascia to become superficial. It unites with the lateral sural cutaneous nerve to form the sural nerve The sural nerve ''(L4-S1)'' is generally considered a pure cutaneous nerve of the posterolateral leg to the lateral ankle. The sural nerve originates from a combination of either the sural communicating branch and medial sural cutaneous nerve, .... Morphometric properties According to a large cadaveric study in which 208 sural nerves were dissected in their native position (bSteele et al. the medial sural cutaneous nerve was consistently present in most lower extremities. This information alig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sural Nerve
The sural nerve ''(L4-S1)'' is generally considered a pure cutaneous nerve of the posterolateral leg to the lateral ankle. The sural nerve originates from a combination of either the sural communicating branch and medial sural cutaneous nerve, or the lateral sural cutaneous nerve. This group of nerves is termed the sural nerve complex. There are eight documented variations of the sural nerve complex. Once formed the sural nerve takes its course midline posterior to posterolateral around the lateral malleolus. The sural nerve terminates as the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve. Anatomy The sural nerve ''(L4-S1)'' is a cutaneous sensory nerve of the posterolateral calf with cutaneous innervation to the distal one-third of the lower leg. Formation of the ''sural nerve'' is the result of either anastomosis of the medial sural cutaneous nerve and the sural communicating nerve, or it may be found as a continuation of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve traveling parallel to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medial Dorsal Cutaneous Nerve
The medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (internal dorsal cutaneous branch) is the more medial one of the two terminal branches of the superficial fibular nerve (the other being the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve). Through its branches, it provides innervation to parts of the dorsal aspects of the first, second, and third toes. Anatomy Origin The superficial fibular nerve terminates by bifurcating into the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve and the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve immediately after emerging from the deep fascia of leg at the distal two-thirds to three-fourths point of the leg. Branches and distribution The medial dorsal cutaneous nerves trifurcates at the inferior border of the ankle, giving rise to: * a medial branch which passes anteromedially before giving rise to the medial dorsal digital nerves of the first toe; * a middle branch which passes anteriorly superficial to the first intermetatarsal space and anastomoses with the tibial nerve before bifurcati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superficial Fibular Nerve
The superficial fibular nerve (also known as superficial peroneal nerve) is a mixed (motor and sensory) nerve that provides motor innervation to the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles, and sensory innervation to skin over the antero-lateral aspect of the leg along with the greater part of the dorsum of the foot (with the exception of the first web space, which is innervated by the deep fibular nerve). Structure Lateral side of the leg The superficial fibular nerve is the main nerve of the lateral compartment of the leg. It begins at the lateral side of the neck of fibula, and runs through the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles. In the middle third of the leg, it descends between the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis, and then reaches the anterior border of the fibularis brevis to enter the groove between the fibularis brevis and the extensor digitorum longus under the deep fascia of leg. It becomes superficial at the junction of upper two-thirds and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Femoral Nerve
The femoral nerve is a nerve in the thigh that supplies skin on the upper thigh and inner leg, and the muscles that extend the knee. It is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus. Structure The femoral nerve is the major nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the thigh. It is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, and arises from the dorsal divisions of the ventral rami of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves (L2, L3, and L4). The nerve enters Scarpa's triangle by passing beneath the inguinal ligament, just lateral to the femoral artery. In the thigh, the nerve lies in a groove between iliacus muscle and psoas major muscle, outside the femoral sheath, and lateral to the femoral artery. After a short course of about 4 cm in the thigh, the nerve is divided into anterior and posterior divisions, separated by lateral femoral circumflex artery. The branches are shown below: Muscular branches * The nerve to the pectineus muscle arises immediately above the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saphenous Nerve
The saphenous nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. It is derived from the lumbar plexus (L3-L4). It is a strictly sensory nerve, and has no motor function. It commences in the proximal (upper) thigh and travels along the adductor canal. Upon exiting the adductor canal, the saphenous nerve terminates by splitting into two terminal branches: the sartorial nerve, and the infrapatellar nerve (which together innervate the medial, anteromedial, posteromedial aspects of the distal thigh). The saphenous nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the skin of the anteromedial leg. Structure It is purely a sensory nerve. Origin The saphenous nerve is the largest and terminal branch of the femoral nerve. It is derived from the lumbar plexus (L3-L4). Course Shortly after the femoral nerve passes under the inguinal ligament, it splits into anterior and posterior divisions by the passage of the lateral femoral ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lateral Sural Cutaneous Nerve
The lateral sural cutaneous nerve of the lumbosacral plexus supplies the skin on the posterior and lateral surfaces of the leg. The lateral sural cutaneous nerve originates from the common fibular nerve''(L4-S2)'' and is the terminal branch of the common fibular nerve. Sural communicating branch One branch, the '' sural communicating nerve'' or colloquially known as the ''peroneal anastomotic'' (n. communicans fibularis), arises from sciatic origins near the head of the fibula, crosses the lateral head of the gastrocnemius to the middle of the leg, and joins with the medial sural cutaneous nerve to form the sural nerve Variation Another branch observed, that is mentioned in passing in previous literature is the medial branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve. In a 2021 study bSteele et al.''(Annals of Anatomy)'', a medial branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve was observed in approximately 36% of lower extremities dissected (''n''=208) with an average diameter of 1. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Fibular Nerve
The common fibular nerve (also known as the common peroneal nerve, external popliteal nerve, or lateral popliteal nerve) is a nerve in the lower leg that provides sensation over the posterolateral part of the leg and the knee joint. It divides at the knee into two terminal branches: the superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve, which innervate the muscles of the lateral and anterior compartments of the leg respectively. When the common fibular nerve is damaged or compressed, foot drop can ensue. Structure The common fibular nerve is the smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The common fibular nerve has root values of L4, L5, S1, and S2. It arises from the superior angle of the popliteal fossa and extends to the lateral angle of the popliteal fossa, along the medial border of the biceps femoris. It then winds around the neck of the fibula to pierce the fibularis longus and divides into terminal branches of the superficial fibular nerve and the deep fibular nerve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |